ASTM C567-2005a Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete《轻质结构混凝土的密度测量的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C 567 05aStandard Test Method forDetermining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 567; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides procedures to determi

3、ne theoven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweightconcrete.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its

4、 use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the

5、FieldC88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use ofSodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concr

6、eteC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 470/C 470M Specification for Molds for Forming Con-crete Test Cylinders VerticallyE 104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Means of Aqueous Solutions3. Terminology3.1 Terminology used in this

7、test method is defined inTerminology C 125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 equilibrium density, nthe density as determined in8.2 reached by structural lightweight concrete after exposure torelative humidity of 50 6 5 % and a temperature of 23 6 2C(73.5 6 3.5 F) for a period

8、of time sufficient to reach constantmass.3.2.2 oven-dry densitythe density as determined in 8.3reached by structural lightweight concrete after being placed ina drying oven at 110 6 5 C (230 6 9 F) for a period of timesufficient to reach constant mass.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method pr

9、ovides procedures for determiningthe oven-dry and equilibrium densities of structural lightweightconcrete, by calculation or measurement. The calculated oven-dry density is determined from batch quantities and volume ofa given batch of concrete. The calculated equilibrium density isapproximated by a

10、dding a fixed quantity to the oven-drydensity. Measured densities are obtained from determinationsof the mass of cylindrical specimens after specified treatments.5. Significance and Use5.1 The measured or calculated equilibrium density ofstructural lightweight concrete determines whether specifiedde

11、nsity requirements have been met. Unless otherwise speci-fied, determine equilibrium density by calculation using theprocedures in 9.2.5.2 Test Method C 138/C 138M shall be used to determinethe density of freshly mixed lightweight concrete for compli-ance with concrete placement specifications.NOTE

12、1The fresh density of lightweight aggregate concrete is afunction of mixture proportions, air content, water demand, and thespecific density and moisture content of the lightweight aggregate.Decrease in density of a specific lightweight concrete is due to moistureloss that, in turn, is a function of

13、 aggregate moisture content, ambientconditions, and the ratio of the surface area to the volume of the concretemember. For most structural lightweight concretes, equilibrium density isapproached at about 90 days. For most high-strength lightweight con-cretes, equilibrium density is approached at abo

14、ut 180 days. Extensivetests demonstrate that despite variations in the initial moisture content oflightweight aggregate, the equilibrium density will be approximately 50kg/m3(3.0 lb/ft3) greater than the oven-dry density.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete an

15、d Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.21 on Lightweight Aggregates and Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2005. Published January 2006. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 567 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

16、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U

17、nited States.6. Apparatus6.1 Tamping Rod, Mallet, Measure, Balance, and MoldsThese shall conform to the requirements of Test MethodC 138/C 138M and Specification C 470/C 470M.6.1.1 MeasureA 14-L (0.5-ft3) measure shall be the stan-dard (see Note 3).6.2 Controlled Humidity EnclosureA room controlled

18、at50 6 5 % relative humidity and 23 6 2 C (73.5 6 3 F) or asmall chamber meeting the requirements of Practice E 104.6.3 Drying OvenAn oven of appropriate size capable ofmaintaining a uniform temperature of 1106 5 C (230 6 9 F),and an average evaporation rate of at least 25 g/h. Determineevaporation

19、rate in accordance with Test Method C88.7. Sampling, and Making, and Curing Test Specimens7.1 SamplingSample field-mixed concrete in accordancewith Practice C 172.7.2 Specimens for Determining Equilibrium Density andOven-dry DensityDetermine the equilibrium density andoven-dry density on 150 by 300-

20、mm (6 by 12-in.) concretecylinders.7.2.1 Make test cylinders in accordance with PracticeC 192/C 192M or C 31/C 31M, whichever is applicable. Makethree cylinders for equilibrium density measurements, andmake three cylinders for oven-dry density measurements.7.3 Curing Specimens:7.3.1 Unless otherwise

21、 specified, test cylinders used for thedetermination of equilibrium density shall be cured in accor-dance with Practice C 192/C 192M or the standard curingprocedure in Practice C 31/C 31M.NOTE 2Cylinders may be stripped after 24 h and wrapped securelywith a plastic sheet or bag to prevent loss of mo

22、isture, or may remain incovered molds until the time of test.7.3.2 Unless otherwise specified, for the first 24 h or untilthe time of test, store the test cylinders used for the determi-nation of oven-dry density under conditions that maintain atemperature adjacent to the cylinders in the range from

23、 16 to 27C (60 to 80 F) and that prevent loss of moisture from thecylinders.8. Procedure8.1 Measurement of Freshly Mixed Concrete DensityDetermine the density of the freshly mixed concrete in accor-dance with Test Method C 138/C 138M.NOTE 3Numerous observations indicate that the same compactiveeffor

24、t used on smaller concrete specimens will cause the fresh densities tobe higher. The fresh density as determined from measurements on 150 by300-mm (6 by 12-in.) cylinders of lightweight concrete consolidated byrodding, in accordance with Practice C 192/C 192M or Practice C 31/C 31M will average 40 k

25、g/m3(2.5 lb/ft3) higher than the fresh density asmeasured using a 14-L (0.5-ft3) measure in accordance with Test MethodC 138/C 138M.8.2 Measurement of Equilibrium DensityTo measure theequilibrium density, remove the cylinders from their curingcondition on the seventh day after molding and immerse in

26、water at 23 6 2 C (73.5 6 3.5 F) for 24 h. Measure theapparent mass of the cylinders while suspended and completelysubmerged in water and record as “C,” the mass of thesuspended-immersed cylinder. Remove from the water andallow to drain for 1 min by placing the cylinder on a 9.5-mm(38-in.) or coarse

27、r sieve cloth. Remove visible water with adamp cloth, determine the mass and record as “B,” the mass ofthe saturated-surface-dry cylinder. Dry the cylinders with allsurfaces exposed, in a controlled humidity enclosure as de-scribed in 6.2 until the mass of the specimen changes not morethan 0.5 % (ga

28、in or loss) in successive determinations of mass28 days apart. Determine the mass of the dried cylinders andrecord as “A,” the mass of the dried cylinder. Calculate theequilibrium density of the concrete from Eq 1 and 2.EmDensity, kg/m3! 5 A 3 997! / B2C! (1)EmDensity, lb/ft3! 5 A 3 62.3! / B2C! (2)

29、where:Em= measured equilibrium density, kg/m3(lb/ft3,A = mass of cylinder as dried, kg (lb),B = mass of saturated surface-dry cylinder, kg (lb), andC = apparent mass of suspended-immersed cylinder, kg(lb).8.3 Measurement of Oven-Dry DensityAfter 24 h but notto exceed 32 h, remove the cylinders from

30、the mold (see Note4). Measure the apparent mass of the cylinders while sus-pended and completely submerged in water and record as “G”the mass of the suspended-immersed cylinders. Remove fromthe water and allow to drain for 1 min by placing the cylinderson a 9.5-mm (38-in.) or coarser sieve cloth. Re

31、move visiblewater with a damp cloth, determine the mass and record as “F,”the mass of the saturated surface-dry cylinders. Place thecylinders in the drying oven at 110 6 5 C (230 6 9 F) for 72h. Allow cylinders to cool for at least thirty minutes but notmore than 1 hour and determine the mass. Repea

32、t oven-drying,cooling, and determination of mass at 24-h intervals until thechange in mass is not more than 0.5 %. Record this mass as“D”, the mass of the oven-dried cylinder. Determine theoven-dry density from Eq 3 and 4.OmDensity, kg/m3!5 D 3 997! / F2G! (3)OmDensity, lb/ft3!5 D 3 62.3! / F2G! (4)

33、where:Om= measured oven-dry density, kg/m3(lb/ft3),D = mass of oven-dry cylinder, kg (lb),F = mass of saturated surface-dry cylinder, kg (lb), andG = apparent mass of suspended-immersed cylinder, kg(lb).NOTE 4Determination of oven-dry density may be specified to beginat an age other than 24-h.9. Cal

34、culation9.1 Calculation of Oven-Dry DensityWhere mixturequantities, aggregate moisture content, and the volume of theconcrete batch are known, calculate an oven-dry density usingEq 5.Oc5 Mdf1 Mdc1 1.2 Mct! / V (5)where:Oc= calculated oven-dry density, kg/m3(lb/ft3),C 567 05a2Mdf= mass of dry fine ag

35、gregate in batch, kg(lb),Mdc= mass of dry coarse aggregate in batch, kg(lb),Mct= mass of cement in batch, kg (lb),1.2 = factor to approximate the mass of cement pluschemically combined water, andV = volume of concrete produced by the batch m3(ft3).9.2 Calculation of Approximate Equilibrium DensityUs

36、ing the oven-dry density determined in accordance with 8.3or 9.1, calculate the approximate equilibrium density from Eq6 and 7.Ec5 Oc1 50 kg/m33 lb/ft3! (6)orEc5 Om1 50 kg/m33 lb/ft3! (7)where:Ec= calculated equilibrium density (see Note 1).10. Report10.1 When oven-dry and equilibrium densities are

37、deter-mined by measurements, the report shall include followinginformation:10.1.1 Fresh density, kg/m3(lb/ft3).10.1.2 Mass of suspended-immersed cylinder, kg (lb).10.1.3 Mass of saturated surface dry cylinder, kg (lb).10.1.4 Mass of cylinder after reaching equilibrium, kg (lb).10.1.5 Equilibrium den

38、sity reported to nearest 10 kg/m3(0.5lb/ft3).10.1.6 Age at which equilibrium was reached, days.10.1.7 Mass of oven-dry cylinder, kg (lb).10.1.8 Oven-dry density rounded to the nearest 10 kg/m3(0.5 lb/ft3).10.2 When oven-dry and approximate equilibrium densitiesare determined by calculation, report t

39、he following informa-tion:10.2.1 Fresh density, kg/m3(lb/ft3).10.2.2 Mass of cement and dry aggregates, batched, kg (lb).10.2.3 Volume of concrete produced from the batch, m3(ft3).10.2.4 Calculated oven-dry density, to the nearest 10 kg/m3(0.5 lb/ft3).10.2.5 Calculated approximate equilibrium densit

40、y, to thenearest 10 kg/m3(0.5 lb/ft3).11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notyet been determined, but an industry-wide multilaboratorytesting program is being coordinated. The precision statementswill be included when the data is compiled and reviewed.11.2 BiasB

41、ias for this test method cannot be determinedsince there is no reference standard available for comparison.12. Keywords12.1 equilibrium density; lightweight concrete; oven-drydensityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item

42、 mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commi

43、ttee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a me

44、eting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,

45、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 567 05a3