ASTM C1543-2009 Standard Test Method for Determining the Penetration of Chloride Ion into Concrete by Ponding.pdf
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1、Designation: C1543 09Standard Test Method forDetermining the Penetration of Chloride Ion into Concreteby Ponding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method determines the penetration of chlorideion into concrete from a sodium-chloride solution pond. Thism
3、ethod is applicable to all types of concrete, as well as toconcretes treated with systems such as sealants, penetratingsealers, or thin-bonded overlays.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does n
4、ot purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
5、ds:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC672/C672M Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Con-crete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing ChemicalsC1152/C1152M Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride inMor
6、tar and ConcreteC1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of ConcretesAbility to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration2.2 AASHTO Standard:T 259 Method of Test for Resistance of Concrete to Chlo-ride Ion Penetration3. Terminology3.1 Terms used in this standard are defined in TerminologyC125.4. Summary of
7、 Test Method4.1 A sodium-chloride solution is ponded on the surface ofconcrete specimens. Samples from specified depths are peri-odically extracted and chemically analyzed to determine thechloride content of the concrete at those depths. The curing andmoisture conditioning to which a specimen is sub
8、jected prior toponding affects the mechanisms involved in chloride-ionpenetration. These factors must be considered carefully ininterpreting the results. Information on the mechanisms ofchloride penetration into concrete is given in the appendix.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is suitabl
9、e for evaluation of materialsand material proportions for construction purposes as well asfor research and development.5.2 This test method can be used to establish the correlationbetween indirect measures of the chloride-ion penetration ofconcrete (see Test Method C1202) and the actual chloride-ion
10、penetration under controlled conditions.5.3 This test method is not intended to provide a measure ofthe length of service that may be expected from use of aspecific concrete mixture or sealing material.6. Apparatus6.1 Glass Plates or Polyethylene Sheets, of sufficient size tocover the ponded surface
11、 of the specimen.6.2 Molds, of the proper size for the test specimens to beused, and conforming to the applicable requirements of Prac-tice C192/C192M.7. Reagents7.1 Ponding Solution3 % reagent grade sodium chloride(NaCl) by mass in distilled water (see Note 1).NOTE 1Other chloride-bearing solutions
12、 or different sodium-chlorideconcentrations may be used when there is a need to evaluate their specificeffects. The concentration of the solution can be checked using ahydrometer calibrated to indicate the mass fraction of sodium chloride.8. Specimens8.1 Use as ponding specimens in this test method
13、slabshaving a surface area of at least 0.030 m2and a thickness of 906 15 mm. At least two replicate specimens shall be made foreach combination of variables to be tested.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibil
14、ity of SubcommitteeC09.66 on Concretes Resistance to Fluid Penetration.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C154302. DOI:10.1520/C1543-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm
15、.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
16、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.2 Fabricate and cure molded ponding specimens in accor-dance with applicable sections of Test Method C672/C672M,unless otherwise specified.8.3 Obtain a sample of concrete for use in determining thebackground chloride content. Cast a 100 by 20
17、0-mm cylinderfrom the concrete mixture for this purpose when fabricatingponding specimens.8.4 Provide a dike approximately 20 mm high along theperimeter of the top surface of the specimen to retain theponding solution. The dike shall be made of a material thatadheres to the specimen or be integrally
18、 cast as a part of thespecimen. It shall serve to keep the top of the specimencovered completely by ponding solution throughout the periodof the ponding (see Note 2).NOTE 2Closed-cell polystyrene foam 12 to 25 mm thick and acrylicstrips 6 mm thick, bonded to the specimen with an adhesive caulkingcom
19、pound or silicone sealant, have been used successfully.8.5 Coat the sides of the specimens with a suitable material(see Note 3) to prevent lateral moisture migration. Do not coatthe bottom of the specimen. Allow the coating to cureaccording to the manufacturers instructions.NOTE 3Arapid setting epox
20、y sufficiently viscous to adhere to verticalsurfaces without excessive running has been used successfully for thispurpose.9. Procedure9.1 Following completion of curing, cover the surface of thespecimen with the ponding solution to a depth of 15 6 5 mm.9.2 Place a glass plate or polyethylene sheet o
21、ver theponded specimen to retard evaporation of water from thesolution.9.3 Store the ponded specimens at 23.0 6 2C and 50 65 % relative humidity. Provide for air circulation across thebottom of specimens.9.4 Periodically monitor the depth of solution on the surfaceof the specimen and maintain at the
22、 specified depth by addingadditional fresh solution. At 2-month intervals during theponding, remove the solution and replace with fresh solution.9.5 Select the duration of the ponding period and thesampling intervals to be appropriate for the purposes for whichthe tests are being made (see Note 4).N
23、OTE 4It is recommended that the initial sampling be performed after3 months ponding. Subsequent sampling can be performed after 6 and 12months of ponding and at 12-month intervals thereafter.9.6 Sampling:9.6.1 Prior to sampling, remove the ponded solution andallow the specimen surface to dry. After
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