ASTM C125-2013 Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates《混凝土和混凝土集料相关的标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: C125 12aC125 13Standard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num

2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of terms a

3、s they are used in standards under the jurisdiction of Committee C09.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Terms relating to constituen

4、ts of aggregates forradiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C638.1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included in Terminology C219. Additionally, the American Concrete Institutehas an electronic document, ACI Concrete Terminology,2 which is updated periodicall

5、y. While this ACI Terminology is a usefulresource, it shall not be referenced directly in ASTM standards because it is not a consensus document. The use of individual ACIor other definitions in ASTM standards shall be in accordance with Form and Style, Section E5.9, Attributions.1.4 When a term is u

6、sed in an ASTM standard for which Committee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if used inmore than one Committee C09 standard.NOTE 1The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is still appropriateas stated. Re

7、visions will be made when determined necessary. The year shown in parentheses at the end of a definition indicates the year the definitionor revision to the definition was approved. A letter R and a year indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the term has not yet beenreviewed.2

8、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete AggregatesC403/C403M Test Method for Time of S

9、etting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituen

10、ts of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)C1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity MethodC1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and

11、Criteria for TestingAgencyEvaluationC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious MixturesC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC1610/C1610M Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column TechniqueC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Se

12、lf-Consolidating ConcreteE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.91 onTerminology.Current editi

13、on approved Dec. 1, 2012Feb. 1, 2013. Published January 2013March 2013. Originally approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asC12512.12a. DOI: 10.1520/C0125-12a.10.1520/C0125-13.2 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/

14、www.terminology.concrete.org.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM sta

15、ndard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cas

16、es only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terms and Th

17、eir Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into and tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting from the penetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. (R 2008)DISCUSSIONIn the case of concrete and concre

18、te aggregates, unless otherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass is that which does not includewater adhering to the outside surface, the increase in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of the body and the body is considered to be“dry” when it has been treated

19、 by an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as drying to constant mass at a temperature between 100and 110C.accreditation, nof testing agency, a process by which an evaluation authority attests that a testing agency has demonstrated thecompetency to perform specific tasks in accordan

20、ce with a standard. (2011)admixture, na material other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that is used as aningredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its freshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that is added to the batchbefore or during i

21、ts mixing. (R 2008)accelerating admixture,nadmixture that accelerates the setting and early strength development of concrete. (C494/C494M)air-entraining admixture,nadmixture that causes the development of a system of microscopic air bubbles in concrete or mortarduring mixing.chemical admixture,na no

22、npozzolanic admixture in the form of a liquid, suspension, or water-soluble solid.mineral admixture,ndeprecated term.DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types of water insoluble, finely divided materials such as pozzolanic materials, cementitious materials,and aggregate. These ma

23、terials are not similar, and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of the specific material should be used,for example, use “pozzolan,” “slag cement,” or “finely divided aggregate,” as is appropriate.retarding admixture,nadmixture that retards the setting of concrete. (C494/C4

24、94M)water-reducing admixture,nadmixture that either increases the slump of freshly mixed mortar or concrete without increasingthe water content or that maintains the slump with a reduced amount of water due to factors other than air entrainment.water-reducing admixture, high-range,na water-reducing

25、admixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction of watercontent when tested in accordance with Specification C494/C494M and meeting the other relevant requirements of SpecificationC494/C494M.aggregate, ngranular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or iron blast-furnace slag, used w

26、ith a cementing mediumto form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar. (R 2008)coarse aggregate,n(1) aggregate predominantly retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of an aggregateretained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied under diff

27、ering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate either in a natural conditionor after processing. Definition (2) is applied to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and grading should be stated in the specification.fine aggregate,n(1) aggregate passing the 9.5-

28、mm (38-in.) sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andpredominantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or (2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andretained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied under

29、differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate either in a natural conditionor after processing. Definition (2) is applied to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and grading should be stated in the specifications.heavyweight aggregate,nsee high-density a

30、ggregate.high-density aggregate,naggregate with relative density greater than 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, ilmenite, iron,or steel.lightweight aggregate,nsee low-density aggregate.C125 132low-density aggregate,naggregate with bulk density less than 1120 kg/m3 70 lb/ft3, such as: pumice

31、, scoria, volcanic cinders,tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or slag; and end products ofcoal or coke combustion.normal-density aggregate,naggregate that is neither high nor low density.DISCUSSIONThis term refers to aggregate with

32、 relative density typically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or with bulk density typically ranging between 1120 kg/m370 lb/ft3 and 1920 kg/m3 120 lb/ft3.normalweight aggregate,nsee normal-density aggregate.aircontent, nthe volume of air voids in cement paste, mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore spac

33、e in aggregate particles, usuallyexpressed as a percentage of total volume of the paste, mortar, or concrete. (R 2008)air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.air, entrained, nair voids, typically between 10 and 1000 m (1 mm) in diameter and spherical or nearly so, that are in

34、corporatedintentionally into a cementitious mixture during mixing by use of an air entraining admixture. (2012)DISCUSSIONEntrained air is used primarily to increase the durability of cementitious mixtures exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing in wet environments.Entrained air may affect workabil

35、ity and strength of a hardened cementitious mixture.air, entrapped, nair voids, typically 1 mm or larger in size and mainly irregular in shape, that are incorporated unintentionallyinto a cementitious mixture during mixing and handling. (2012)air voidsee void, air.authority, evaluation, nan independ

36、ent entity, apart from the testing agency being evaluated, that has the capability to providean unbiased evaluation of the technical activities of concrete and concrete aggregates testing agencies. (2011)DISCUSSIONTwo acceptable methods of evaluation are inspection and accreditation, and these servi

37、ces are offered by various evaluation authorities.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases,that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, air-coo

38、led , nthe material resulting from solidification of molten blast-furnace slag under atmosphericconditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by application of water to the solidified surface. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, expanded, nthe low density cellular material obtained by controlled process

39、ing of molten blast-furnace slagwith water or water and other agents, such as steam or compressed air or both. (R 2011)blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular material formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as byimmersion in water. (R 2008)bleeding, nthe autogenous f

40、low of mixing water within, or its emergence from, newly placed concrete or mortar caused by thesettlement of the solid materials within the mass, also called water gain. (R 2008)bulk density, nof aggregate, the mass of a unit volume of bulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes the volume of

41、 theindividual particles and the volume of the voids between the particles). (R 2008)DISCUSSIONThis term replaces the deprecated term unit weightof aggregate.bulk specific gravity, nthe ratio of the mass of a volume of a material (including the permeable and impermeable voids in thematerial, but exc

42、luding the voids between particles of the material) at a stated temperature to the mass of an equal volume ofdistilled water at a stated temperature. (R 2008)bulk specific gravity (saturated surface dry),nthe ratio of the mass of a volume of a material including the mass of water withinthe pores in

43、the material (but excluding the voids between particles) at a stated temperature, to the mass of an equal volume ofdistilled water at a stated temperature. (R 2008)C125 133calcined, adjheated to a temperature less than the melting point so as to bring about a decomposition, phase transition, orremov

44、al of a volatile fraction of a solid material. (2012)calibration, nof measuring instrument, a process that, under specified conditions and following a standard procedure, establishesmetrological traceability by determining: (1) the relationship between the quantity values provided by measurement sta

45、ndardsor certified reference materials and the corresponding indications from a measuring instrument or system; and (2) the estimateduncertainty of measurements made subsequently with the instrument or system. (2011)DISCUSSIONCalibration takes into account systematic error (or bias) of the measuring

46、 instrument or system as well as random error that is associated with the useof the measurement instrument or system and error associated with the measurement standards or certified reference materials. Calibration should notbe confused with an adjustment of a measuring instrument or with verificati

47、on of a measuring instrument. Sometimes the first step alone is mistakenlycalled calibration, but performing only the first step is the process of standardization. In tests of concrete and concrete aggregates, standardizationof measuring instruments or systems is often sufficient.cellular concretese

48、e concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that sets and hardens by chemical reaction with water and is capable of doing so under water.(R 2008)cement, slag, ngranulated blast-furnace slag that has been ground to cement fineness, with or without additions, and that is ahydraulic cement.cement

49、itious material (hydraulic) , nan inorganic material or a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and develops strengthby chemical reaction with water by formation of hydrates and is capable of doing so under water. (R 2008)cementitious material, supplementary, (SCM), nan inorganic material that contributes to the properties of a cementitiousmixture through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity, or both. (2012)DISCUSSIONSome examples of supplementary cementitious materials are fly ash, silica fume, slag cement, rice hus