ASTM C125-2011a Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates《混凝土和混凝土的相关标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: C125 11aStandard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is a compilation of general terminologyrelated to

3、 hydraulic cement concrete, concrete aggregates, andother materials used in or with hydraulic cement concrete.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of CommitteeC09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in DescriptiveNomencla

4、ture C294. Terms relating to constituents of aggre-gates for radiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descrip-tive Nomenclature C638.1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included inTerminology C219. Additionally, the American Concrete Insti-tute has an electronic document, ACI Concrete

5、 Terminology,2which is updated periodically. While this ACI Terminology isa useful resource, it shall not be referenced directly in ASTMstandards because it is not a consensus document. The use ofindividual ACI or other definitions in ASTM standards shall bein accordance with Form and Style, Section

6、 E5.9, Attributions.1.4 When a term is used in an ASTM standard for whichCommittee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if usedin more than one Committee C09 standard.1.5 Definitions that are adopted from those published byother ASTM committees or other standards organizations areidentifie

7、d with the ASTM designation (for example, Terminol-ogy C219) or with the abbreviation of the name of the otherorganization.1.6 A definition in this standard is a statement of themeaning of a word or word group expressed in a singlesentence with additional information included in notes ordiscussion.N

8、OTE 1The subcommittee responsible for this standard will reviewdefinitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is stillappropriate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary.The year shown in parentheses at the end of a definition indicates the yearthe definition or

9、revision to the definition was approved. A letter R and ayear indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the termhas not yet been reviewed.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementC

10、oncreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing

11、Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)C1074 Pra

12、ctice for Estimating Concrete Strength by theMaturity MethodC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC1610/C1610M Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column TechniqueC1611/C1611M Test Meth

13、od for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating ConcreteE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry forMetals, Ores, and Related Materials3. Terms and Their Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into andtends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, theincrease in

14、 mass of a porous solid body resulting from the1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.91 on Terminology.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyapprove

15、d in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C12511. DOI:10.1520/C0125-11a.2Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.terminology.concrete.org.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM

16、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh

17、ocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.penetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. (R 2008)DISCUSSIONIn the case of concrete and concrete aggregates, unlessotherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass isthat which does not include water adhering to the outside surface, the

18、increase in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of thebody and the body is considered to be “dry” when it has been treatedby an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as dryingto constant mass at a temperature between 100 and 110C.admixture, na material other than water,

19、aggregates, hy-draulic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that isused as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify itsfreshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that isadded to the batch before or during its mixing. (R 2008)accelerating admixture, nadmixture that accelera

20、tes thesetting and early strength development of concrete. (C494/C494M)air-entraining admixture, nadmixture that causes the de-velopment of a system of microscopic air bubbles inconcrete or mortar during mixing.chemical admixture, na nonpozzolanic admixture in theform of a liquid, suspension, or wat

21、er-soluble solid.mineral admixture, ndeprecated term.DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types ofwater insoluble, finely divided materials such as pozzolanic materials,cementitious materials, and aggregate. These materials are not similar,and it is not useful to group them under

22、a single term. The name of thespecific material should be used, for example, use “pozzolan,” “slagcement,” or “finely divided aggregate,” as is appropriate.retarding admixture, nadmixture that retards the setting ofconcrete. (C494/C494M)water-reducing admixture, nadmixture that either in-creases the

23、 slump of freshly mixed mortar or concretewithout increasing the water content or that maintains theslump with a reduced amount of water due to factors otherthan air entrainment.water-reducing admixture, high-range, na water-reducingadmixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction ofwater cont

24、ent when tested in accordance with SpecificationC494/C494M and meeting the other relevant requirementsof Specification C494/C494M.aggregate, ngranular material, such as sand, gravel, crushedstone, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementingmedium to form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar. (R

25、2008)coarse aggregate, n(1) aggregate predominantly retainedon the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of anaggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied underdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateei

26、ther in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gradingshould be stated in the specification.fine aggregate, n(1) aggregate passing the 9.5-mm (38-in.)sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sievean

27、d predominantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or(2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve and retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied underdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateei

28、ther in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gradingshould be stated in the specifications.heavyweight aggregate, nsee high-density aggregate.high-density aggregate, naggregate with relative densitygreater tha

29、n 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, ilme-nite, iron, or steel.lightweight aggregate, nsee low-density aggregate.low-density aggregate, naggregate with bulk density lessthan 1120 kg/m3(70 lb/ft3), such as: pumice, scoria,volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sinteredclay, shale,

30、 slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, orslag; and end products of coal or coke combustion.normal-density aggregate, naggregate that is neither highnor low density.DISCUSSIONThis term refers to aggregate with relative densitytypically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or with bulk density typi

31、callyranging between 1120 kg/m3(70 lb/ft3) and 1920 kg/m3(120 lb/ft3).normalweight aggregate, nsee normal-density aggregate.air content, nthe volume of air voids in cement paste,mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space in aggregateparticles, usually expressed as a percentage of total volumeof th

32、e paste, mortar, or concrete. (R 2008)air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.air voidsee void, air.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consistingessentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium andother bases, that is developed in a molten condition simul-t

33、aneously with iron in a blast furnace. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, air-cooled , nthe material resulting fromsolidification of molten blast-furnace slag under atmosphericconditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by appli-cation of water to the solidified surface. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, e

34、xpanded, nthe low density cellularmaterial obtained by controlled processing of molten blast-furnace slag with water or water and other agents, such assteam or compressed air or both. (R 2011)blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular mate-rial formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rap

35、idly chilled,as by immersion in water. (R 2008)bleeding, nthe autogenous flow of mixing water within, orits emergence from, newly placed concrete or mortar causedby the settlement of the solid materials within the mass, alsocalled water gain. (R 2008)bulk density, nof aggregate, the mass of a unit v

36、olume ofbulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes thevolume of the individual particles and the volume of thevoids between the particles). (R 2008)DISCUSSIONThis term replaces the deprecated term unit weightofaggregate.C125 11a2bulk specific gravity, nthe ratio of the mass of a volume ofa ma

37、terial (including the permeable and impermeable voidsin the material, but excluding the voids between particles ofthe material) at a stated temperature to the mass of an equalvolume of distilled water at a stated temperature. (R 2008)bulk specific gravity (saturated surface dry), nthe ratio ofthe ma

38、ss of a volume of a material including the mass ofwater within the pores in the material (but excluding thevoids between particles) at a stated temperature, to the massof an equal volume of distilled water at a stated temperature.(R 2008)calibration, nof measuring instrument, a process that, undersp

39、ecified conditions and following a standard procedure,establishes metrological traceability by determining: (1) therelationship between the quantity values provided by mea-surement standards or certified reference materials and thecorresponding indications from a measuring instrument orsystem; and (

40、2) the estimated uncertainty of measurementsmade subsequently with the instrument or system. (2011)DISCUSSIONCalibration takes into account systematic error (or bias)of the measuring instrument or system as well as random error that isassociated with the use of the measurement instrument or system a

41、nderror associated with the measurement standards or certified referencematerials. Calibration should not be confused with an adjustment of ameasuring instrument or with verification of a measuring instrument.Sometimes the first step alone is mistakenly called calibration, butperforming only the fir

42、st step is the process of standardization. In testsof concrete and concrete aggregates, standardization of measuringinstruments or systems is often sufficient.cellular concretesee concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that sets and hardens bychemical reaction with water and is capable of d

43、oing sounder water. (R 2008)cement, slag, ngranulated blast-furnace slag that has beenground to cement fineness, with or without additions, andthat is a hydraulic cement.cementitious material (hydraulic), nan inorganic materialor a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and developsstrength by che

44、mical reaction with water by formation ofhydrates and is capable of doing so under water. (R 2008)cementitious mixture, na mixture (mortar, concrete, orgrout) containing hydraulic cement. (R 2008)compound, curing, na liquid that, when applied to thesurface of newly-placed concrete, forms a membrane

45、thatimpedes the evaporation of water and, in the case of whitepigmented compounds, reflects heat. (2010)concrete, na composite material that consists essentially ofa binding medium within which are embedded particles orfragments of aggregate; in hydraulic-cement concrete, thebinder is formed from a

46、mixture of hydraulic cement andwater. (R 2008)concrete, cellular, na lightweight hydraulic-cement con-crete having a homogeneous void or cell structure attainedusing gas-forming chemicals or foaming agents. (R 2008)concrete, fresh, nconcrete which possesses enough of itsoriginal workability so that

47、it can be placed and consolidatedby the intended methods. (R 2008)concrete, hardened, nconcrete that has developed sufficientstrength to serve some defined purpose or resist a stipulatedloading without failure. (R 2008)concrete, roller-compacted, RCC, nconcrete compactedwhile fresh by a roller, ofte

48、n a vibratory roller. (R 2008)concrete, self-consolidating, SCC, nconcrete that can flowaround reinforcement and consolidate under its own weightwithout additional effort and without exceeding specifiedlimits of segregation. (2010)DISCUSSIONProject specifications shall indicate the acceptable seg-re

49、gation based upon a specified test method. Test Method C1610/C1610M provides a procedure for determining the degree of aggregatesegregation under static conditions and the Appendix of Test MethodC1611/C1611M describes a non-mandatory technique for assessing thedegree of segregation under flowing conditions.consistency, nof a fresh cementitious mixture, the relativemobility or ability to flow. (2010)DISCUSSIONThis characteristic of fresh cementitious mixtures isdifficult to quantify and empirical test methods have been adopted