ASTM C125-2010 Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates.pdf

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1、Designation: C125 10Standard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p

2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is a compilation of general terminologyrelated to

3、hydraulic cement concrete, concrete aggregates, andother materials used in or with hydraulic cement concrete.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of CommitteeC09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in DescriptiveNomenclat

4、ure C294. Terms relating to constituents of aggre-gates for radiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descrip-tive Nomenclature C638.1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included inTerminology C219. Additionally, the American Concrete Insti-tute has an electronic document, ACI Concrete

5、Terminology,2which is updated periodically. While this ACI Terminology isa useful resource, it shall not be referenced directly in ASTMstandards because it is not a consensus document. The use ofindividual ACI or other definitions in ASTM standards shall bein accordance with Form and Style, Section

6、E5.9, Attributions.1.4 When a term is used in an ASTM standard for whichCommittee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if usedin more than one Committee C09 standard.1.5 Definitions that are adopted from those published byother ASTM committees or other standards organizations areidentified

7、 with the ASTM designation (for example, Terminol-ogy C219) or with the abbreviation of the name of the otherorganization.1.6 A definition in this standard is a statement of themeaning of a word or word group expressed in a singlesentence with additional information included in notes ordiscussion.NO

8、TE 1The subcommittee responsible for this standard will reviewdefinitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is stillappropriate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary.The year shown in parentheses at the end of a definition indicates the yearthe definition or r

9、evision to the definition was approved. A letter R and ayear indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the termhas not yet been reviewed.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Ce

10、mentC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Sto

11、rage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)C1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by theMat

12、urity MethodC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC1610/C1610M Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column TechniqueC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete

13、3. Terms and Their Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into andtends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting from thepenetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. (R 2008)DISCUSSIONIn the case of concre

14、te and concrete aggregates, unlessotherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass is1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.91 on Terminology.Current edition approved

15、 June 15, 2010. Published July 2010. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C125 09a. DOI:10.1520/C0125-10.2Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.terminology.concrete.org.3For referenced ASTM standard

16、s, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Internat

17、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.that which does not include water adhering to the outside surface, theincrease in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of thebody and the body is considered to be “dry” when it has been treatedby

18、an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as dryingto constant mass at a temperature between 100 and 110C.admixture, na material other than water, aggregates, hy-draulic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that isused as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify itsf

19、reshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that isadded to the batch before or during its mixing. (R 2008)accelerating admixture, nadmixture that accelerates thesetting and early strength development of concrete. (C494/C494M)air-entraining admixture, nadmixture that causes the de-velopment of

20、 a system of microscopic air bubbles inconcrete or mortar during mixing.chemical admixture, na nonpozzolanic admixture in theform of a liquid, suspension, or water-soluble solid.mineral admixture, ndeprecated term.DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types ofwater insoluble, finel

21、y divided materials such as pozzolanic materials,cementitious materials, and aggregate. These materials are not similar,and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of thespecific material should be used, for example, use “pozzolan,” “groundgranulated blast-furnace slag,” or “fin

22、ely divided aggregate,” as isappropriate.retarding admixture, nadmixture that retards the setting ofconcrete. (C494/C494M)water-reducing admixture, nadmixture that either in-creases the slump of freshly mixed mortar or concretewithout increasing the water content or that maintains theslump with a re

23、duced amount of water due to factors otherthan air entrainment.water-reducing admixture, high-range, na water-reducingadmixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction ofwater content when tested in accordance with SpecificationC494/C494M and meeting the other relevant requirementsof Specificat

24、ion C494/C494M.aggregate, ngranular material, such as sand, gravel, crushedstone, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementingmedium to form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar. (R2008)coarse aggregate, n(1) aggregate predominantly retainedon the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of an

25、aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied underdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateeither in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirement

26、s for properties and gradingshould be stated in the specification.fine aggregate, n(1) aggregate passing the 9.5-mm (38-in.)sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieveand predominantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or(2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4

27、)sieve and retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied underdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateeither in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirement

28、s for properties and gradingshould be stated in the specifications.heavyweight aggregate, nsee high-density aggregate.high-density aggregate, naggregate with relative densitygreater than 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, il-menite, iron, or steel.lightweight aggregate, nsee low-density aggr

29、egate.low-density aggregate, naggregate with bulk density lessthan 1120 kg/m3(70 lb/ft3), such as: pumice, scoria,volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sinteredclay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, orslag; and end products of coal or coke combustion.normal-densit

30、y aggregate, naggregate that is neither highnor low density.DISCUSSIONThis term refers to aggregate with relative densitytypically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or with bulk density typicallyranging between 1120 kg/m3(70 lb/ft3) and 1920 kg/m3(120 lb/ft3).normalweight aggregate, nsee normal-density a

31、ggregate.air content, nthe volume of air voids in cement paste,mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space in aggregateparticles, usually expressed as a percentage of total volumeof the paste, mortar, or concrete. (R 2008)air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.air voidsee v

32、oid, air.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consistingessentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium andother bases, that is developed in a molten condition simul-taneously with iron in a blast furnace. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, air-cooled , nthe material resulting fromsolidif

33、ication of molten blast-furnace slag under atmosphericconditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by appli-cation of water to the solidified surface. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular mate-rial formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled,as by immersion

34、 in water. (R 2008)bleeding, nthe autogenous flow of mixing water within, orits emergence from, newly placed concrete or mortar causedby the settlement of the solid materials within the mass, alsocalled water gain. (R 2008)bulk density, nof aggregate, the mass of a unit volume ofbulk aggregate mater

35、ial (the unit volume includes thevolume of the individual particles and the volume of thevoids between the particles). (R 2008)DISCUSSIONThis term replaces the deprecated term unit weightofaggregate.bulk specific gravity, nthe ratio of the mass of a volume ofa material (including the permeable and i

36、mpermeable voidsin the material, but excluding the voids between particles ofthe material) at a stated temperature to the mass of an equalvolume of distilled water at a stated temperature. (R 2008)C125 102bulk specific gravity (saturated surface dry), nthe ratio ofthe mass of a volume of a material

37、including the mass ofwater within the pores in the material (but excluding thevoids between particles) at a stated temperature, to the massof an equal volume of distilled water at a stated temperature.(R 2008)cellular concretesee concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that sets and hardens

38、bychemical reaction with water and is capable of doing sounder water. (R 2008)cementitious material (hydraulic), nan inorganic materialor a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and developsstrength by chemical reaction with water by formation ofhydrates and is capable of doing so under water. (R

39、 2008)cementitious mixture, na mixture (mortar, concrete, orgrout) containing hydraulic cement. (R 2008)compound, curing, na liquid that, when applied to thesurface of newly-placed concrete, forms a membrane thatimpedes the evaporation of water and, in the case of whitepigmented compounds, reflects

40、heat. (2010)concrete, na composite material that consists essentially ofa binding medium within which are embedded particles orfragments of aggregate; in hydraulic-cement concrete, thebinder is formed from a mixture of hydraulic cement andwater. (R 2008)concrete, cellular, na lightweight hydraulic-c

41、ement con-crete having a homogeneous void or cell structure attainedusing gas-forming chemicals or foaming agents. (R 2008)concrete, fresh, nconcrete which possesses enough of itsoriginal workability so that it can be placed and consolidatedby the intended methods. (R 2008)concrete, hardened, nconcr

42、ete that has developed sufficientstrength to serve some defined purpose or resist a stipulatedloading without failure. (R 2008)concrete, roller-compacted, RCC, nconcrete compactedwhile fresh by a roller, often a vibratory roller. (R 2008)concrete, self-consolidating, SCC, nconcrete that can flowarou

43、nd reinforcement and consolidate under its own weightwithout additional effort and without exceeding specifiedlimits of segregation. (2010)DISCUSSIONProject specifications shall indicate the acceptable seg-regation based upon a specified test method. Test Method C1610/C1610M provides a procedure for

44、 determining the degree of aggregatesegregation under static conditions and the Appendix of Test MethodC1611/C1611M describes a non-mandatory technique for assessing thedegree of segregation under flowing conditions.consistency, nof a fresh cementitious mixture, the relativemobility or ability to fl

45、ow. (2010)DISCUSSIONThis characteristic of fresh cementitious mixtures isdifficult to quantify and empirical test methods have been adopted toprovide indicators of consistency. For example, the slump test de-scribed in Test Method C143/C143M is used for concrete, the flowtable method described in Te

46、st Method C1437 is used for mortar, andthe flow cone method described in Test Method C939 is used for grout.consolidation, nof cementitious mixtures, the process ofincreasing the density of a fresh cementitious mixture in aform, mold, or container by reducing the volume of voids.(2009)DISCUSSIONExce

47、pt for self-consolidating concrete, consolidationis accomplished by inputting mechanical energy, typically by rodding,tamping, tapping, vibration, or some combination of these actions.Specific apparatus and methods for consolidation are defined in therelevant C09 Standards.crushed gravelsee gravel,

48、crushed.crushed stonesee stone, crushed.curing, naction taken to maintain moisture and temperatureconditions in a freshly-placed cementitious mixture to allowhydraulic cement hydration and (if applicable) pozzolanicreactions to occur so that the potential properties of themixture may develop. (2010)

49、curing compoundsee compound, curing.D-cracking, nin concrete, a series of cracks near to androughly parallel to features such as joints, edges, andstructural cracks.density, nmass per unit volume (preferred over deprecatedterm unit weight).elongated piece (of aggregate), na particle of aggregate forwhich the ratio of the length to width of its circumscribingrectangular prism is greater than a specified value (see alsoflat piece (of aggregate).entrained airsee void, air.entrapped airsee void, air.expanded blast-furnac