ASTM B117-2009 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus《盐雾喷射装置操作的标准实施规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: B 117 09Standard Practice forOperating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the apparatus, procedure, andconditions required

3、to create and maintain the salt spray (fog)test environment. Suitable apparatus which may be used isdescribed in Appendix X1.1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of test speci-men or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, northe interpretation to be given to the results.1.3 The

4、 values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria

5、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 368 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Tes

6、ting Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or CoatedSpecimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE 691 Practice for Conducti

7、ng an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice provides a controlled corrosive environ-ment which has been utilized to produce relative corrosionresistance information for specimens of m

8、etals and coatedmetals exposed in a given test chamber.3.2 Prediction of performance in natural environments hasseldom been correlated with salt spray results when used asstand alone data.3.2.1 Correlation and extrapolation of corrosion perfor-mance based on exposure to the test environment provided

9、 bythis practice are not always predictable.3.2.2 Correlation and extrapolation should be consideredonly in cases where appropriate corroborating long-term atmo-spheric exposures have been conducted.3.3 The reproducibility of results in the salt spray exposureis highly dependent on the type of speci

10、mens tested and theevaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of theoperating variables. In any testing program, sufficient repli-cates should be included to establish the variability of theresults. Variability has been observed when similar specimensare tested in different fog chambers ev

11、en though the testingconditions are nominally similar and within the ranges speci-fied in this practice.4. Apparatus4.1 The apparatus required for salt spray (fog) exposureconsists of a fog chamber, a salt solution reservoir, a supply ofsuitably conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizingnozzl

12、es, specimen supports, provision for heating the chamber,and necessary means of control. The size and detailed con-struction of the apparatus are optional, provided the conditionsobtained meet the requirements of this practice.4.2 Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling orcover of the cham

13、ber shall not be permitted to fall on thespecimens being exposed.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosionof Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on LaboratoryCorrosion Tests.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Or

14、iginallyapproved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as B 11707a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page ont

15、he ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 Drops of solution which fall from the specimens shallnot be returned to the solution reservoir for respraying.4.4 Material of construction shall be such that it will

16、 notaffect the corrosiveness of the fog.4.5 All water used for this practice shall conform to Type IVwater in Specification D 1193 (except that for this practicelimits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored). This does notapply to running tap water. All other water will be referred toas reagent gra

17、de.5. Test Specimens5.1 The type and number of test specimens to be used, aswell as the criteria for the evaluation of the test results, shall bedefined in the specifications covering the material or productbeing exposed or shall be mutually agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.6. Prepara

18、tion of Test Specimens6.1 Specimens shall be suitably cleaned. The cleaningmethod shall be optional depending on the nature of the surfaceand the contaminants. Care shall be taken that specimens arenot recontaminated after cleaning by excessive or carelesshandling.6.2 Specimens for the evaluation of

19、 paints and other organiccoatings shall be prepared in accordance with applicablespecification(s) for the material(s) being exposed, or as agreedupon between the purchaser and the supplier. Otherwise, thetest specimens shall consist of steel meeting the requirementsof Practice D 609 and shall be cle

20、aned and prepared for coatingin accordance with the applicable procedure of Practice D 609.6.3 Specimens coated with paints or nonmetallic coatingsshall not be cleaned or handled excessively prior to test.6.4 Whenever it is desired to determine the development ofcorrosion from an abraded area in the

21、 paint or organic coating,a scratch or scribed line shall be made through the coating witha sharp instrument so as to expose the underlying metal beforetesting. The conditions of making the scratch shall be asdefined in Test Method D 1654, unless otherwise agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the se

22、ller.6.5 Unless otherwise specified, the cut edges of plated,coated, or duplex materials and areas containing identificationmarks or in contact with the racks or supports shall beprotected with a suitable coating stable under the conditions ofthe practice.NOTE 1Should it be desirable to cut test spe

23、cimens from parts or frompreplated, painted, or otherwise coated steel sheet, the cut edges shall beprotected by coating them with paint, wax, tape, or other effective mediaso that the development of a galvanic effect between such edges and theadjacent plated or otherwise coated metal surfaces, is p

24、revented.7. Position of Specimens During Exposure7.1 The position of the specimens in the salt spray chamberduring the test shall be such that the following conditions aremet:7.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the specimens shall besupported or suspended between 15 and 30 from the verticaland prefera

25、bly parallel to the principal direction of flow of fogthrough the chamber, based upon the dominant surface beingtested.7.1.2 The specimens shall not contact each other or anymetallic material or any material capable of acting as a wick.7.1.3 Each specimen shall be placed to permit unencum-bered expo

26、sure to the fog.7.1.4 Salt solution from one specimen shall not drip on anyother specimen.NOTE 2Suitable materials for the construction or coating of racks andsupports are glass, rubber, plastic, or suitably coated wood. Bare metalshall not be used. Specimens shall preferably be supported from thebo

27、ttom or the side. Slotted wooden strips are suitable for the support of flatpanels. Suspension from glass hooks or waxed string may be used as longas the specified position of the specimens is obtained, if necessary bymeans of secondary support at the bottom of the specimens.8. Salt Solution8.1 The

28、salt solution shall be prepared by dissolving 5 6 1parts by mass of sodium chloride in 95 parts of waterconforming to Type IV water in Specification D 1193 (exceptthat for this practice limits for chlorides and sodium may beignored). Careful attention should be given to the chemicalcontent of the sa

29、lt. The salt used shall be sodium chloride withnot more than 0.3 % by mass of total impurities. Halides(Bromide, Fluoride, and Iodide) other than Chloride shallconstitute less than 0.1 % by mass of the salt content. Coppercontent shall be less than 0.3 ppm by mass. Sodium chloridethat has had anti-c

30、aking agents added shall not be used becausesuch agents may act as corrosion inhibitors. See Table 1 for alisting of these impurity restrictions. Upon agreement betweenthe purchaser and the seller, analysis may be required andlimits established for elements or compounds not specified inthe chemical

31、composition given above.TABLE 1 Maximum Allowable Limits for Impurity Levels inSodium ChlorideA,B,CImpurity Description Allowable AmountTotal Impurities # 0.3 %Halides (Bromide, Fluoride and Iodide) excluding Chloride 99.9%, then the limits for halides can beignored. This is due to the fact that the

32、 halides cannot be $0.1% with a salt purityof 99.9%. If the salt used is of lower purity, then test for halides.B1170928.2 The pH of the salt solution shall be such that whenatomized at 35C (95F) the collected solution will be in thepH range from 6.5 to 7.2 (Note 3). Before the solution isatomized i

33、t shall be free of suspended solids (Note 4). The pHmeasurement shall be made at 23 6 3C (73 6 5F) using asuitable glass pH-sensing electrode, reference electrode, andpH meter system in accordance with Test Method E70.NOTE 3Temperature affects the pH of a salt solution prepared fromwater saturated w

34、ith carbon dioxide at room temperature and pH adjust-ment may be made by the following three methods:(1) When the pH of a salt solution is adjusted at room temperature, andatomized at 35C (95F), the pH of the collected solution will be higherthan the original solution due to the loss of carbon dioxi

35、de at the highertemperature. When the pH of the salt solution is adjusted at roomtemperature, it is therefore necessary to adjust it below 6.5 so the collectedsolution after atomizing at 35C (95F) will meet the pH limits of 6.5 to7.2. Take about a 50-mL sample of the salt solution as prepared at roo

36、mtemperature, boil gently for 30 s, cool, and determine the pH. When thepH of the salt solution is adjusted to 6.5 to 7.2 by this procedure, the pHof the atomized and collected solution at 35C (95F) will come withinthis range.(2) Heating the salt solution to boiling and cooling to 35C (95F) andmaint

37、aining it at 35C (95F) for approximately 48 h before adjusting thepH produces a solution the pH of which does not materially change whenatomized at 35C (95F).(3) Heating the water from which the salt solution is prepared to 35C(95F) or above, to expel carbon dioxide, and adjusting the pH of the salt

38、solution within the limits of 6.5 to 7.2 produces a solution the pH of whichdoes not materially change when atomized at 35C (95F).NOTE 4The freshly prepared salt solution may be filtered or decantedbefore it is placed in the reservoir, or the end of the tube leading from thesolution to the atomizer

39、may be covered with a double layer of cheeseclothto prevent plugging of the nozzle.NOTE 5The pH can be adjusted by additions of dilute ACS reagentgrade hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solutions.9. Air Supply9.1 The compressed air supply to the Air Saturator Towershall be free of grease, oil, a

40、nd dirt before use by passingthrough well-maintained filters. (Note 6) This air should bemaintained at a sufficient pressure at the base of the AirSaturator Tower to meet the suggested pressures of Table 2 atthe top of the Air Saturator Tower.NOTE 6The air supply may be freed from oil and dirt by pa

41、ssing itthrough a suitable oil/water extractor (that is commercially available) tostop any oil from reaching the Air Saturator Tower. Many oil/waterextractors have an expiration indicator, proper preventive maintenanceintervals should take these into account.9.2 The compressed air supply to the atom

42、izer nozzle ornozzles shall be conditioned by introducing it into the bottomof a tower filled with water. A common method of introducingthe air is through an air dispersion device (X1.4.1). The levelof the water must be maintained automatically to ensureadequate humidification. It is common practice

43、 to maintain thetemperature in this tower between 46 and 49C (114121F) tooffset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressureduring the atomization process. Table 2 shows the temperature,at different pressures, that are commonly used to offset thecooling effect of expansion to atmospheric

44、pressure.9.3 Careful attention should be given to the relationship oftower temperature to pressure since this relationship can havea direct impact to maintaining proper collection rates (Note 7).It is preferable to saturate the air at temperatures well above thechamber temperature as insurance of a

45、wet fog as listed inTable 2.NOTE 7If the tower is run outside of these suggested temperature andpressure ranges to achieve proper collection rates as described in 10.2 ofthis practice, other means of verifying the proper corrosion rate in thechamber should be investigated, such as the use of control

46、 specimens(panels of known performance in the test conducted). It is preferred thatcontrol panels be provided that bracket the expected test specimenperformance. The controls allow for the normalization of test conditionsduring repeated running of the test and will also allow comparisons of testresu

47、lts from different repeats of the same test. (Refer to Appendix X3,Evaluation of Corrosive Conditions, for mass loss procedures).10. Conditions in the Salt Spray Chamber10.1 TemperatureThe exposure zone of the salt spraychamber shall be maintained at 35 6 2C (95 6 3F). Each setpoint and its toleranc

48、e represents an operational control pointfor equilibrium conditions at a single location in the cabinetwhich may not necessarily represent the uniformity of condi-tions throughout the cabinet. The temperature within theexposure zone of the closed cabinet shall be recorded (Note 8)at least once daily

49、 (except on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidayswhen the salt spray test is not interrupted for exposing,rearranging, or removing test specimens or to check andreplenish the solution in the reservoir)NOTE 8A suitable method to record the temperature is by a continu-ous recording device or by a thermometer which can be read from outsidethe closed cabinet. The recorded temperature must be obtained with thesalt spray chamber closed to avoid a false low reading because of wet-bulbeffect when the chamber is open.10.2 Atomization and Quantity of FogPlace at l