ASHRAE GUIDELINE 10-2011 Interactions Affecting the Achievement of Acceptable Indoor Environments.pdf

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1、ASHRAE GUIDELINEASHRAE Guideline 10-2011Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 29, 2011, and by the ASHRAE Board ofDirectors on February 2, 2011. This guideline is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Guideline Project Committee (SGPC) for whichthe Standards Committee has establ

2、ished a documented program for regular publication of addenda orrevisions, including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any partof the guideline. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic formfrom the ASHRAE Web si

3、te (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Manager of Standards. The latestedition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or fromASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org.Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone

4、: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ISSN 1049-894XAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditio

5、ning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgInteractions Affecting the Achievement of Acceptable Indoor EnvironmentsSPECIAL NOTEThis Guideline was developed under the auspices of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers(ASHRAE). ASHR

6、AE Guidelines are developed under a review process, identifying a guideline for the design, testing, application, or evaluationof a specific product, concept, or practice. As a guideline it is not definitive but encompasses areas where there may be a variety of approaches,none of which must be preci

7、sely correct. ASHRAE Guidelines are written to assist professionals in the area of concern and expertise ofASHRAEs Technical Committees and Task Groups.ASHRAE Guidelines are prepared by project committees appointed specifically for the purpose of writing Guidelines. The projectcommittee chair and vi

8、ce-chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Guideline.Development of ASHRAE Guidelines follows procedures similar to those for ASHRAE Standards except that (a) committee balance isdesi

9、red but not required, (b) an effort is made to achieve consensus but consensus is not required, (c) Guidelines are not appealable, and(d) Guidelines are not submitted to ANSI for approval.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Guideline,b

10、. participation in the next review of the Guideline,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Guideline, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Guideline.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available i

11、nformation andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guide

12、lines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipme

13、nt, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline

14、 and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Guideline Project Committee 10Cognizant Committee: Environmental Health CommitteeSPLS Liaison: Robert G. Baker*Denotes members of voting status when t

15、he document was approved for publication.Hal Levin, Chair* Alison G. Kwok*William S. Apple Bjarne W. Olesen*H. E. Burroughs* Andrew K. PersilyWilliam S. Cain* Dean R. RaskJames L. Coggins Mark S. ReaGregory M. Dobbs* Frederick H. Rohles, Jr.*P. Ole Fanger Kevin Y. TeichmanWalter T. Grondzik* Jarrell

16、 D. WengerMichael J. Hodgson* James E. WoodsMichael A. Humphreys*ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20102011Stephanie Reiniche, Manager of StandardsH. Michael Newman, Chair Allan B. Fraser Janice C. PetersonCarol E. Marriott, Vice-Chair Krishnan Gowri Douglas T. ReindlDouglass S. Abramson Maureen Grasso Bog

17、garm S. SettyKarim Amrane Cecily M. Grzywacz James R. TaubyRobert G. Baker Richard L. Hall James K. VallortHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Nadar R. Jayaraman William F. WalterSteven F. Bruning Byron W. Jones Michael W. WoodfordKenneth W. Cooper Jay A. Kohler Craig P. WrayMartin Dieryckx Frank Myers Hugh F. Crow

18、ther, BOD ExOWilliam P. Bahnfleth, CO American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permiss

19、ion.CONTENTSASHRAE Guideline 10-2011,Interactions Affecting the Achievement of Acceptable Indoor EnvironmentsSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Introduction to the Factors and Their Interactions 35 Thermal Environment . 86 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) 137 Lighting (Daylight).

20、 178 Lighting (Electric) 189 Acoustics (Sound and Vibration) 1810 References and Bibliography 18NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this guideline can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2011 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating a

21、nd Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print

22、or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ASHRAE Guideline 10-2011(This foreword is not part of this guideline. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the guideline.)FOREWORDThis guideline is intended to provide users w

23、ith the cur-rently available knowledge on the effects of interactions onachieving acceptable indoor environments. In contrast toASHRAE Standard 55 and the ASHRAE series 62 standards(ASHRAE 2004, 2007a, 2007b), which address thermal com-fort and ventilation/indoor air quality (IAQ) respectively butse

24、parately, this document emphasizes interactions amongthese and other factors that determine indoor environmentalquality (IEQ) with the intention of increasing understandingof how to improve the acceptability of the indoor environ-ment as a whole. However, current knowledge on interac-tions between a

25、nd among the factors that most affectoccupants of indoor environments is limited. Meeting therequirements of standards for various aspects of indoor envi-ronments, such as air quality, thermal conditions, acoustics,and illumination, is not always sufficient to ensure the over-all acceptability of th

26、e environment to all relevant parties.This guideline presents a preliminary effort to describe theinteractions relevant for achieving acceptable indoor envi-ronments. It can provide assistance to building design pro-fessionals and building operators as well as investigatorsand researchers. The guide

27、line project committee believesthe guideline will call attention to the significance of interac-tive effects in determining the acceptability and limitationsof an indoor environment.This guideline is intended to help people understand anduse all of the documents that deal with indoor environments,su

28、ch as ASHRAE Standards 55, 62.1, and 62.2 (ASHRAE2004, 2007a, 2007b) and Indoor Air Quality Guide: BestPractices for Design, Construction, and Commissioning(ASHRAE 2009a), as a whole rather than separately. Theguideline focuses on thermal conditions, IAQ, and the inter-actions between these environm

29、ental conditions as they affectthe acceptability of the indoor environment. In addition, butto a lesser extent, the guideline also addresses mechanicalenergy (including noise and vibration) and electromagneticradiation (including environmental lighting and ultravioletand infrared radiation) as addit

30、ional sources of interactionsaffecting the acceptability of the indoor environment as wellas limitations that exist in the ability to achieve acceptability.The guideline reflects the current scientific data knownto the project committee or brought to its attention by com-menters and accepted by the

31、committee as valid and rele-vant. Thus the information in this guideline represents theprofessional judgment of the project committee members. Operation and maintenance of buildings can introduceenvironmental stressors or simply fail to remove those thatoccur or accumulate over time. These stressors

32、 may intro-duce further interactions. Designers must consider opera-tions and maintenance in the selection and specification ofbuilding features and the parameters to be adjusted by theenvironmental control systems and features of a building. This guideline does not make recommendations or pro-vide

33、explicit guidance for many of the issues covered. Thestate of the science and its application is not yet advancedsufficiently to inform such guidance. However, in some casesthe committee has indicated what appear to be the implica-tions of the available information. This guideline is intendedto summ

34、arize the available information and to make design-ers and others who are responsible for the quality of theindoor environment aware of issues that should be addressedin their work. Designers and building operators should be aware ofthe major interactions that have potential to affect the indoorenvi

35、ronment. Although there are other important factors thatdetermine the acceptability of the indoor environment buthave not been identified or addressed in this document, theproject committee anticipates that future versions of thisguideline will include more details on these factors as wellas new inf

36、ormation on the factors included in this version. 1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this guideline is to provide guidanceregarding factors and their interactions as they affect theindoor environmental conditions acceptable to human occu-pants with regard to comfort and health.2. SCOPE2.1 This guideline provi

37、des guidance regarding factors andtheir interactions and includes thermal comfort, indoor airquality, sound and vibration, and non-ionizing electromag-netic radiation (including visible light).2.2 It applies to the design, construction, commissioning,operation, and maintenance of buildings. 2.3 It a

38、pplies to all indoor or enclosed spaces that peoplemay occupy, with the following exceptions: a. Areas of buildings intended primarily for manufacturing,commercial processing, or industrial processing.b. Parking garages.c. Storage spaces intended for only incidental humanoccupancy.d. Other such encl

39、osed spaces not designed primarily forhuman occupancy.3. DEFINITIONSacceptable indoor environment: an environment that has beendetermined to be acceptable according to the process thatdefines acceptability and the individuals involved in thisprocess. Acceptability of an indoor environment is the det

40、er-mination of any affected party that the environment is suitablefor the purposes of the intended occupancy. It should be notedthat acceptability is not identical with the satisfaction of mostor all occupants, which would generally require a somewhathigher level of environmental quality. Ultimately

41、, acceptabil-ity is defined by the process used to determine it as well as bythe individuals who make the evaluations, assessments, orjudgments that are part of the process. These individualsdecide what is acceptable for them, whether they are occu-pants, operators, owners, or visitors. This guideli

42、ne recognizes American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ASHRAE Guideline 10-

43、2011 3that individual acceptability is often dependent on context andon cultural expectations.enthalpy: the integrated representation of the dry-bulb andwet-bulb condition of the air. Enthalpy may also be defined asthe thermodynamic quantity equal to the sum of the internalenergy of a system plus th

44、e product of the pressure-volumework done on the system.factor: the major aspects of the indoor environment addressedin this guideline are termed factors. This guideline identifiesfour factorsindoor air quality (IAQ), thermal environment,mechanical energy (especially sound and vibration), and elec-t

45、romagnetic radiation (especially light)as the major catego-ries that classify or characterize different elements of theindoor environment. Separate aspects of the environment maycombine to form perceptions of the light, air quality, acoustic,and thermal conditions of the indoor environment. interact

46、ion: the combined effect on a building occupant of twoor more environmental factors or their aspects.indoor environment: the conditions that exist inside anenclosed, non-industrial building intended for human occu-pancy. pollutant: as defined in this guideline, a pollutant is anyunwanted environment

47、al component that is present in an occu-pied building space. For example, loud sound (music, speech,motors, etc.) that interferes with a desired function of a spacesuch as conversation, a lecture, or other activity with audiblecontent essential to its success is considered sound pollution(usually re

48、ferred to as noise). However, what may be perceivedas noise by one person may be considered desirable byanother, as in the case of music where taste and personal pref-erences differ for loudness (sound intensity). Both disabilityglare (lighting that interferes with occupants ability to see)and disco

49、mfort glare (lighting that causes discomfort for theoccupants) could be considered undesirable components inthe built environment. Here, too, individual preferences can beimportant. Contaminants in air are commonly referred to asair pollutants. No equivalent concept exists for thermal condi-tions inside buildings, but thermal pollution of water occurs atpower plants where cooling water is released into a water bodyand adversely affects aquatic life.4. INTRODUCTION TO THE FACTORS AND THEIR INTERACTIONSIn order to provide an acceptable indoor environment, itis necessary not only t