ASHRAE 145 1-2015 Laboratory Test Method for Assessing the Performance of Gas-Phase Air-Cleaning Systems Loose Granular Media.pdf

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1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 145.1-2015(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 145.1-2008)Laboratory Test Method forAssessing the Performance ofGas-Phase Air-Cleaning Systems:Loose Granular MediaApproved by ASHRAE on March 31, 2015, and by the American National Standards Institute on April 1, 2015.This Standard is

2、 under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the StandardsCommittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures fortimely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the

3、Standard. The change submittal form,instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paperform from the Senior Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from theASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from

4、ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (fororders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2015 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPEC

5、IAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreeme

6、nt reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this St

7、andard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed s

8、pecifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerne

9、d interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint por

10、tions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, compon

11、ents, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to as

12、sist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHR

13、AE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHR

14、AE Standing Standard Project Committee 145Cognizant TC: 2.3, Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas-Contaminant Removal EquipmentSPLS Liaison: Charles S. BarnabyKathleen Owen,* Chair W. Peter Freeman* Christopher O. Muller*Matt Middlebrooks,* Vice-Chair Sanjeev K. Hingorani* Kartik Potukuchi*Carolyn M.L.

15、Kerr,* Secretary Chang-Seo Lee* David A. Schaaf, Jr.*Nick H. Agopian* Paula J. Levasseur* W. Brad M. Stanley* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard L. Hall, Chair James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraDouglass T. Reindl

16、, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames Dale Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S. Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Debra H. Kennoy Julia A.

17、Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malcolm D. Knight Bjarne Wilkens Olesen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either

18、print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 145.1-2015,Laboratory Test Method for Assessing the Performance ofGas-Phase Air-Cleaning Systems: Loose Granular MediaSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions and Acronyms .24

19、Test Apparatus and Materials .35 Test Procedure46 Test Parameters67 Data Analysis 68 Data Quality Control79 Reporting Results710 Normative References.8Informative Annex A: Informative References and Bibliography.12Informative Annex B: Selection and Generation of Challenge Gases.15Informative Annex C

20、: Summary of Gas Monitoring Methodologies.28Normative Annex D: Reporting and Interpretation of Results .33NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2015 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta

21、, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional

22、 reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 145.1-2015(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to t

23、he standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThe air arou

24、nd us may contain a variety of undesirable con-taminants in gaseous form. Concentrations of these contami-nants may vary from trace amounts to toxic levels, and atcertain concentrations contaminants may become a problemfor people and equipment. Impacts on occupants may includenoxious odor, physical

25、irritation, and adverse affects onhealth, while equipment may be affected by corrosion. Whenproblem concentrations are present in the air-distributionsystem of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC)system, removal may be necessary to protect building occu-pants; HVAC system components;

26、building furnishings orstored materials; and industrial/manufacturing equipment,processes, or products.Gaseous air contaminants can be removed by variousair-cleaning processes. The most common removal processemploys physical adsorption with or without chemical reac-tion using filtration media in gra

27、nular (pellet) form in parti-cle sizes ranging from 4 to 12 mesh in the U.S. sieve series(0.187 to 0.661 in. 1.68 to 4.76 mm). Such media includeplain (untreated) or chemically impregnated activated car-bons and activated aluminas, other adsorbent materials, andcatalysts. These media are those gener

28、ally used in the gas-phase air-cleaning equipment most often selected for use in abuilding HVAC system. ASHRAE Standard 145.1 provides aperformance test method for this form of media and is notintended to test the performance of flat media (e.g., carbon-impregnated fibers). The results obtained here

29、 cannot be usedto predict the performance of sorptive media gas-phase air-cleaning devices or installed systems.This standard outlines a test procedure with quality con-trol constraints to develop a performance metric using per-cent removal efficiency and removal capacity of a smallmedia sample when

30、 it is challenged under steady-state condi-tions by a number of gaseous contaminants. Two groups ofchemical contaminants are prescribed (the acid gas challengegroup and the volatile organic compounds challenge group),and the user may select one or both groups for testing. How-ever, all representativ

31、e compounds of a group selected aretested for reporting purposes. Other challenge gases may betested using the methodology described in this standard butare not part of the reporting requirements. The procedure iswritten for testing individual chemical contaminants. Testingof mixtures of chemical co

32、ntaminants, although possibleusing this procedure, would be considered a nonstandard testand require a much higher level of understanding, expertise,control, and analysis to achieve meaningful results.The laboratory test apparatus, equipment, test protocol,quality control guidelines, and equipment c

33、alibration speci-fied in this standard are designed to ensure repeatabilitywithin 10% of the measured value. Considerable capital isrequired to establish a laboratory with the test apparatus andinstrumentation prescribed. However, compliance with thetest standard cannot be met with alternative test

34、apparatus orprocedures because of the complexity of gaseous contaminantremoval processes.ASHRAE Standard 145.1 is intended for use in assessingthe performance of loose granular media and is the first oftwo standards developed by SSPC 145. The other, designatedASHRAE Standard 145.2, Laboratory Test M

35、ethod forAssessing the Performance of Gas-Phase Air-Cleaning Sys-tems: Air-Cleaning Devices, focuses on assessing the perfor-mance of sorptive media gas-phase air-cleaning devices.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to provide a standard labora-tory test method for assessing the performance of

36、 loose gran-ular media used in gas-phase air-cleaning systems. Theresults of these tests can provide information to the engineerthat is useful in the design and selection of air-cleaning equip-ment and the design of air-cleaning systems for controllingindoor concentrations of gaseous air contaminant

37、s.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard prescribes a small-scale laboratory testmethod for measuring the contaminant removal efficiency ofloose granular sorptive media used in gas-phase air-cleaningequipment as installed (in a test apparatus) in an airstreamand challenged with test gases under steady-state cond

38、itions.This test is conducted at elevated gas challenge concentra-tions (relative to ventilation applications) and thereforeshould be used to compare media rather than directly predictperformance in any particular application.2.2 This standard defines methods of calculating and report-ing results ob

39、tained from the test data and establishes a resultsreporting system that can be applied to loose granular mediacovered by this standard.2.3 This standard does not apply toa. bonded carbon panels, beaded activated carbon, carboncloths, absorbent-loaded nonwovens, dry-process carboncomposites, orb. pa

40、rticulate removal equipment.3. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS3.1 Definitions. Some terms are defined here for the pur-poses of this standard. When definitions are not provided,refer either to ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation,Air Conditioning and Refrigeration1or to ASTM D-2652-05A, Standard Term

41、inology Relating to Activated Carbon.2Otherwise, common usage shall apply.adsorbent: any solid having the ability to concentrate signifi-cant quantities of other substances on its surface.adsorption, chemical (chemisorption): binding of a contami-nant to the surface of a solid by forces with energy

42、levelsapproximately those of a chemical bond. This process is usu-ally followed by a chemical reaction that removes the con- ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior w

43、ritten permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 145.1-2015 3taminant from the airstream but may add other gasses to it.Chemisorption is an irreversible process.adsorption, physical: attraction of a contaminant to the outersurface and inner pore surface of adsorbent media by physicalforces (Van der Waals forc

44、es). Physical adsorption is a revers-ible process.airflow rate: volume of air passing through the test sampleper unit time.breakthrough: first appearance in the effluent of a challengecontaminant under specified conditions.breakthrough curve: plot of contaminant penetration versustime for a particul

45、ar challenge concentration and airflow.catalyst: any substance of which a small proportion notablyaffects the rate of a chemical reaction without itself beingconsumed or undergoing a chemical change. Most catalystsaccelerate reactions, but a few retard them (negative catalystsor inhibitors).challeng

46、e: chemical compound that is being used as the chal-lenge contaminant for any given test. For examples, seeTables 1, 2, and 3.challenge stream: test contaminants of interest diluted to theconcentrations of the test prior to filtration.chemisorption: see adsorption, chemical.concentration: quantity o

47、f one substance dispersed in adefined amount of another.density, apparent (density, bulk): mass under specified con-ditions of a unit volume of a solid sorbent, including its porevolume and interparticle voids.density, packing: (a) weight of adsorbent per unit volumedetermined using ASTM D-28543as s

48、pecified in Section5.4.3 of this standard; (b) mass of a substance per unit volumedescribed as the ratio between the actual density and what istheoretically possible if voids did not exist.desorption: process by which sorbate molecules leave thesurface of the adsorbent and reenter the fluid stream.

49、Oppo-site of adsorption.efficiency curve: a plot of contaminant removal efficiencyagainst time for a particular challenge concentration and air-flow.end point: occurrence of the maximum permissible concen-tration of the challenge gas in the air downstream of a mediabed or, alternatively, the time when a predetermined contami-nant penetration is reached.mean particle diameter: weighted average particle size, inmillimetres (inches), of a granular adsorbent computed bymultiplying the percent retained in a size fraction by therespective mean sieve openings, summing the