ARMY MIL-STD-1916-1996 DOD PREFERRED METHODS FOR ACCEPTANCE OF PRODUCT《验收国防部首选方法》.pdf

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1、AMSC N/A AREA QCICDISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSETEST METHOD STANDARDDOD PREFERRED METHODSFOR ACCEPTANCE OF PRODUCTNOT MEASUREMENTSENSITIVEMIL-STD-19161 April 1996Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitt

2、ed without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1916iiF O R E W O R D1. This Military Standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of theDepartment of Defense (DoD).2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent datawhich may be of use in improving this docu

3、ment should be addressed to: Commander, U.S.Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, ATTN: AMSTA-AR-EDE-S,Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000, by using the self-addressed Standardization DocumentImprovement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter.3.

4、 DoD procurement practices encourage industry innovation and provide flexibility toachieve the benefits of continuous improvement.4. There is an evolving industrial product quality philosophy that recognizes the need forquality policy changes that will provide defense contractors with opportunities

5、and incentivestoward improvement of product quality and cooperative relationships between the contractor andthe Government.5. Process controls and statistical control methods are the preferable means of preventingnonconformances, controlling quality, and generating information for improvement. Aneff

6、ective process control system may also be used to provide information to assess the quality ofdeliverables submitted for acceptance. Suppliers are encouraged to use process control andstatistical control procedures for their internal control and to submit effective process controlprocedures in lieu

7、of prescribed sampling requirements to the Government for approval.6. Sampling inspection by itself is an inefficient industrial practice for demonstratingconformance to the requirements of a contract and its technical data package. The application ofsampling plans for acceptance involves both consu

8、mer and producer risks; and increasedsampling is one way of reducing these risks, but it also increases costs. Suppliers can reducerisks by employing efficient processes with appropriate process controls. To the extent that suchpractices are employed and are effective, risk is controlled and, conseq

9、uently, inspection andtesting can be reduced.7. The following points provide the basis for this standard:a. Contractors are required to submit deliverables that conform to requirements and togenerate and maintain sufficient evidence of conformance.b. Contractors are responsible for establishing thei

10、r own manufacturing and processcontrols to produce results in accordance with requirements.c. Contractors are expected to use recognized prevention practices such as processcontrols and statistical techniques.8. This standard also provides a set of sampling plans and procedures for planning andcondu

11、cting inspections to assess quality and conformance to contract requirements. Thisstandard complies with the DoD policy of eliminating acceptable quality levels (AQLs) andassociated practices within specifications.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f

12、rom IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1916C O N T E N T SPARAGRAPH PAGEiii1. SCOPE . 11.1 Scope 11.2 Applicability . 11.3 Applications 11.4 Product requirements 11.5 Limitations 22. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 32.1 General. 32.2 Non-Government publications. 32.3 Order of precedence 43. DEFINITIONS 53.1 Acronyms used in this

13、 standard. 53.2 Acceptance. 53.3 Contract quality requirements 53.4 Critical characteristic. 53.5 Critical nonconforming unit. 53.6 Government contract quality assurance 63.7 Inspection. 63.8 Major characteristic. 63.9 Major nonconforming unit. 63.10 Minor characteristic 63.11 Minor nonconforming un

14、it. 63.12 Nonconformance. 63.13 Nonconforming unit 63.14 Production interval 63.15 Quality 63.16 Quality assurance 63.17 Quality audit. 63.18 Quality program 63.19 Screening inspection 73.20 Traceability. 73.21 Verification level (VL) 74. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. 84.1 Acceptance by contractor-proposed

15、provisions 84.1.1 General. 84.1.2 Requirements and procedures 8Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1916C O N T E N T SPARAGRAPH PAGEiv4.1.3 Submission and incorporation 94.1.3.1 Submission 94.1.3.2 Incorporation 94.1.4 Withdrawal

16、of approval of alternates. 94.2 Acceptance by tables. 94.2.1 Preferred sampling plans 94.2.2 Formation and identification of lots or batches. 94.2.3 Determination of sampling plan. 104.2.4 Sampling of lots or batches 104.2.4.1 Selection of units. 104.2.4.2 Representative (stratified) sampling. 104.2

17、.4.3 Process of sampling. 104.2.4.4 Non-conforming product. 104.3 Disposition of nonconforming product 114.4 Critical characteristics. 114.5 Special reservations for critical nonconformance 115. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 125.1 Acceptance by contractor proposed-provisions . 125.1.1 Quality system plan. 1

18、25.1.2 Prevention-based quality system 125.1.3 Process focus of quality system. 125.1.4 Objective evidence of quality system implementation and effectiveness 135.1.4.1 Examples of evidence regarding process improvement. 135.1.4.2 Examples of evidence regarding process control 135.1.4.3 Examples of e

19、vidence regarding product conformance. 145.2 Acceptance by tables. 145.2.1 Sampling inspection 145.2.1.1 Verification level specification. 145.2.1.2 Sampling procedures. 155.2.1.3 Switching procedures 155.2.1.3.1 Normal to tightened 155.2.1.3.2 Tightened to normal 165.2.1.3.3 Normal to reduced 165.2

20、.1.3.4 Reduced to normal 165.2.1.4 Discontinuation of acceptance. 165.2.2 Preferred sampling inspection tables 175.2.2.1 Attributes sampling plans for lot or batch inspection 175.2.2.1.1 Acceptability criterion. 17Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f

21、rom IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1916C O N T E N T SPARAGRAPH PAGEv5.2.2.2 Variables sampling plans for lot or batch inspection. 175.2.2.2.1 Limitations on use. 175.2.2.2.2 Nonconforming unit 185.2.2.2.3 Acceptability criteria. 185.2.2.3 Continuous attributes sampling inspection plans 205.2.2.3.1 Conditions for

22、continuous sampling procedures. 205.2.2.3.2 Continuous sampling inspection procedure 215.2.2.3.3 Acceptability criterion. 215.2.2.3.3.1 Special reservation for critical nonconforming unit 216. NOTES 226.1 Intended use 226.2 Issue of DoDISS. 226.3 Supersession data 226.4 Subject term (keyword listing

23、). 22TABLEI Code letters (CL) for entry into the sampling tables. 15II Attributes sampling plans 17III Variables sampling plans. 19IV Continuous sampling plans 20APPENDIX Examples of sampling plan use 23FIGURE1 Attributes sampling inspection log. 242 Computations for single specification limit case.

24、 253 Computations for double specification limit case 264 Continuous sampling inspection log. 275 Procedure to determine a valid f 28CONCLUDING MATERIAL 29Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-191611. SCOPE1.1 Scope. The purpose of

25、this standard is to encourage defense contractors and othercommercial organizations supplying goods and services to the U.S. Government to submitefficient and effective process control (prevention) procedures in place of prescribed samplingrequirements. The goal is to support the movement away from

26、an AQL-based inspection(detection) strategy to implementation of an effective prevention-based strategy including acomprehensive quality system, continuous improvement and a partnership with the Government.The underlying theme is a partnership between DoD and the defense supplier, with the requisite

27、competence of both parties, and a clear mutual benefit from processes capable of consistentlyhigh quality products and services. The objective is to create an atmosphere where everynoncompliance is an opportunity for corrective action and improvement rather than one whereacceptable quality levels ar

28、e the contractually sufficient goals.1.2 Applicability. This standard, when referenced in the contract, specification, orpurchase order, is applicable to the prime contractor, and should be extended to subcontractorsor vendor facilities. The quality plans are to be applied as specified in the contra

29、ct documents,and deliverables may be submitted for acceptance if the requirements of this standard have beenmet.1.3 Applications. Quality plans and procedures in this standard may be used whenappropriate to assess conformance to requirements of the following:a. End itemsb. Components or basic materi

30、alsc. Operations or servicesd. Materials in processe. Supplies in storagef. Maintenance operationsg. Data or recordsh. Administrative proceduresNote, use of the word “product“ throughout this standard also refers to services and otherdeliverables.1.4 Product requirements. The contractor is required

31、to submit product that meets allcontract and specification requirements. The application of the quality plans or procedures ofthis standard does not relieve the contractor of responsibility for meeting all contract productrequirements. The contractors quality system, including manufacturing processe

32、s and qualitycontrol measures, will be established and operated to consistently produce products that meet allrequirements. Absence of any inspection or process control requirement in the contract does notProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,

33、-,-MIL-STD-19162relieve the contractor of responsibility for assuring that all products or supplies submitted to theGovernment for acceptance conform to all requirements of the contract.1.5 Limitations. The sampling plans and procedures of this standard are not intended foruse with destructive tests

34、 or where product screening is not feasible or desirable. In such cases,the sampling plans to be used will be specified in the contract or product specifications.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-191632. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS2.1

35、General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, and 5 of thisstandard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard orrecommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made toensure the completeness of

36、 this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet allspecified requirements documents cited in sections 3, 4, and 5 of this standard, whether or notthey are listed.2.2 Non-Government publications. The following documents form a part of this documentto the extent specified herein. Unless o

37、therwise specified, the issues of the documents which areDoD adopted are those listed in the issue of the DoDISS cited in the solicitation. Unlessotherwise specified, the issues of documents not listed in the DoDISS are the issues of thedocuments cited in the solicitation (see 6.2).AMERICAN NATIONAL

38、 STANDARDS INSTITUTE/AMERICAN SOCIETY FORQUALITY CONTROL (ANSI/ASQC)ANSI Z1.1/ASQC B1 - Guide for Quality Control Charts.ANSI Z1.2/ASQC B2 - Control Chart Methods of Analyzing Data.ANSI Z1.3/ASQC B3 - Control Chart Method of Controlling Quality DuringProduction.ANSI/ASQC Q9000 - Quality Management a

39、nd Quality Assurance StandardsGuidelines for Selection and Use.ANSI/ASQC Q9004 - Quality Management and Quality System ElementsGuidelines.INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF STANDARDS (ISO)ISO 8402 - Quality - Vocabulary.ISO 9000 - Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standards - Guidelines for Select

40、ion and Use.ISO 9004 - Quality Management and Quality System Elements - Guidelines.(Copies of DoD adopted non-Government Standards are available to Military activitiesthrough the DoD Single Stock Point, Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4D, 700Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. M

41、ilitary activities may obtain copies of non-DoD adopted documents from the sponsoring Industry Association. Non-military activities mayobtain copies of non-Government standards and publications from the American Society forQuality Control, PO Box 3066, Milwaukee, WI 53201-3066 and the American Natio

42、nalStandards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, as appropriate.)Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-191642.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this documentand the references cited here

43、in, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in thisdocument, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption hasbeen obtained.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-191653. DEFINITIONS3.1 A

44、cronyms used in this standard. The acronyms used in this standard are defined asfollowsa. ACO - Administrative Contracting Officer.b. ANSI - American National Standards Institute.c. AQL - Acceptable Quality Level.d. ASQC - American Society for Quality Control.e. CL - Code Letter.f. DFARS - DoD Feder

45、al Acquisitions Regulation Supplement.g. DoD - Department of Defense.h. DoDISS - DoD Index of Specifications and Standards.i. DoDSSP - DoD Single Stock Point.j. FAR - Federal Acquisitions Regulation.k. FMEA - Failure Modes and Effects Analysis.l. ISO - International Organization for Standardization.

46、m. PCO - Procurement Contracting Officer.n. PDCA - Plan-Do-Check-Act.o. QAR - Quality Assurance Representative.p. SPC - Statistical Process Control.q. VL - Verification Level.3.2 Acceptance. The act of an authorized representative of the Government by whichthe Government, for itself or as agent of a

47、nother, assumes ownership of existing identifiedsupplies tendered or approves specific services rendered as partial or complete performance ofthe contract. (FAR 46.101)3.3 Contract quality requirements. The technical requirements in the contract relating tothe quality of the product or service and t

48、hose contract clauses prescribing inspection, and otherquality controls incumbent on the contractor, to assure that the product or service conforms tothe contractual requirements. (FAR 46.101)3.4 Critical characteristic. A characteristic that judgment and experience indicate mustbe met to avoid haza

49、rdous or unsafe conditions for individuals using, maintaining, or dependingupon the product; or that judgment and experience indicate must be met to assure performanceof the tactical function of a major item such as a ship, aircraft, tank, missile, or space vehicle.3.5 Critical nonconforming unit. A unit of product that fails to conform to specifiedrequirements for one or more critical characteristics.Prov