ANSI NSF 330-2018 Glossary of Drinking Water Treatment Unit Terminology.pdf

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1、NSF International Standard / American National StandardNSF/ANSI 330 - 2018 Glossary of Drinking Water Treatment Unit TerminologyNSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and safety-based risk m

2、anagement solutions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions by contacting: Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Wa

3、ter Treatment Units c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P.O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL Fax: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: i NSF/ANSI 330 2018 NSF International Standard / American National Standard for Drinking Wate

4、r Treatment Units Glossary of drinking water treatment unit terminology Standard Developer NSF International Designated as an ANSI Standard January 25, 2018 American National Standards Instituteii Prepared by The NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units Recommended for adoption by The N

5、SF Council of Public Health Consultants Adopted by NSF International February 2009 Revised October 2012 Revised November 2013 Revised May 2015 Revised October 2015 Revised May 2018 Published by NSF International P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or for making i

6、nquiries with regard to this Standard, please reference the designation “NSF/ANSI 330 2018.” Copyright 2018 NSF International Previous editions 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2009 Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic o

7、r mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF International. Printed in the United States of America.iii Disclaimers1NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the ma

8、nufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages, arising o

9、ut of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in this Standard because governmental agencie

10、s or other national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirements. Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, local, state) shall not constitute their agencys endorsement of NSF or any of its Standards. Preference is given to th

11、e use of performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or construction criteria. The illustrations, if provided, are intended to assist in understanding their adjacent standar

12、d requirements. However, the illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to justify improper or incomplete design and construction. Unless otherwise reference

13、d, the Annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The Annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organization. 1The information contained in this Disclaimer is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not

14、 been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Disclaimer may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. This page is intentionally l

15、eft blank.v Contents 1 General . 1 1.1 Purpose . 1 1.2 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Definitions . 2 This page is intentionally left blank.vii Foreword2The purpose of this Standard is to establish minimum requirements for materials, design, construction, and performance of drinking water trea

16、tment units that are designed to reduce specific aesthetic-related contaminants in public or private water supplies. This Standard specifies the minimum product literature and labeling information that a manufacturer must supply to authorized representatives and system owners. Lastly, the Standard p

17、rovides minimum service-related obligations that the manufacturer must extend to system owners. This edition of the Standard contains the following revisions: Issue 9 Definitions for microcystins and cyanotoxins were added to address a new DWTU reduction claim under NSF/ANSI 53. This Standard was de

18、veloped by the NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units using the consensus process described by the American National Standards Institute. Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. This Standard is maintained on a Continuous Maintenance schedule and can be opened for co

19、mment at any time. Comments should be sent to Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units at standardsnsf.org, or c/o NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA. 2The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American N

20、ational Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standa

21、rd. This page is intentionally left blank.1 2018 NSF NSF/ANSI 330 2018 NSF/ANSI Standard for Drinking Water Treatment Units Glossary of drinking water treatment unit terminology 1 General 1.1 Purpose This Standard establishes definitions for drinking water treatment units and related components. 1.2

22、 Scope Definitions covered by this Standard consist of terminology related to drinking water treatment units including terms describing materials, design, construction, and performance testing. This Standard includes definitions of terms used in NSF Drinking Water Treatment Unit Standards. 2 Normati

23、ve references The following documents contain provisions that, through reference, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time this Standard was balloted, the editions listed below were valid. All documents are subject to revision and the most recent published edition of the document shall be

24、 used for undated references. NSF/ANSI 42. Drinking Water Treatment Units Aesthetic Effects. NSF/ANSI 44. Residential Cation Exchange Water Softeners. NSF/ANSI 53. Drinking Water Treatment Units Health Effects. NSF/ANSI 55. Ultraviolet Microbiological Water Treatment Systems. NSF/ANSI 58. Reverse Os

25、mosis Drinking Water Treatment Systems. NSF/ANSI 61. Drinking Water System Components Health Effects. NSF/ANSI 62. Drinking Water Distillation Systems. 2018 NSF NSF/ANSI 330 2018 2 3 Definitions 3.1 absorption: The penetration of one substance into another substance. 3.2 accessible: Fabricated to be

26、 exposed for cleaning and inspection using simple tools (e.g., screwdriver, pliers, open-end wrench). 3.2.1 readily accessible: Fabricated to be exposed for cleaning and inspection without the use of tools. 3.3 active agent: A substance or medium added to or involved in a drinking water treatment pr

27、ocess that requires direct or sacrificial release of the agent or its degradation product(s) to perform a specific functions. 3.4 additive: A substance added to water, directly or indirectly, during a drinking water treatment process. 3.5 adsorption: The physical process occurring when liquids, gase

28、s, or dissolved or suspended matter adhere to the surface of or in the pores of a medium. 3.6 aesthetic: Pertaining to non-health-related factors that affect the acceptance of drinking water, such as taste, odor, color, and appearance. 3.7 air gap: A dedicated vertical air space designed to prevent

29、the reverse flow of contaminated water into a potable water source (minimum of two pipe diameters or 25 mm 1 in above the flood rim of the tank, whichever is larger). 3.8 alarm set point: See UV light disinfection. 3.9 ambient temperature: The temperature of a medium such as air, gas, or a liquid th

30、at surrounds items such as equipment, devices, instruments, and food. 3.10 anion: An atom or molecule that carries a negative charge. 3.11 backwash: A reversed flow of water through a media which allows the expelling of collected matter to the drain. 3.12 back flush: The reversal of flow through a f

31、ilter or ion exchange column to remove particles for cleaning purposes. 3.13 bacteriostasis: An action or process designed to limit the growth of heterotrophic bacteria on the treatment media or in the unit so that the heterotrophic plate count of the product water is not larger than that of the inf

32、luent water. 3.14 batch treatment: A method in which a fixed quantity of water is processed through a treatment device in a single treatment cycle. 3.15 bed volume: Total volume of the media including the void spaces between the media particles. 3.16 blackwaste: See UV light disinfection. 3.17 break

33、through: The point (measured as volume of water or time) in the test of a water treatment system when the concentration of a contaminant in the product water exceeds the limit established in the standard. 3.18 brine: See salt. 2018 NSF NSF/ANSI 330 2018 3 3.19 bypass: (noun) A valve system that allo

34、ws water to flow around the water treatment system while a system is being regenerated or serviced. (verb) To cause water to flow around a water treatment system or its media. 3.20 calibration: The process of checking and correcting the accuracy of instrumentation within defined allowable tolerances

35、 by reference to a known standard. 3.21 capacity: The volume of water treated by a system before the system or components of the system must be cleaned, regenerated or replaced, as specified by the manufacturer. 3.22 cation: An atom or molecule that carries a positive charge. 3.23 cation exchange: S

36、ee water softener. 3.24 challenge water: See water. 3.25 check valve: A device that allows liquid or gas to flow in only one direction. 3.26 chemical feeder: A mechanism or device designed to add a controlled amount of chemical(s) to water. 3.27 chemical reduction: The lowering of a chemical contami

37、nant concentration in the influent water by a water treatment system or process. 3.28 Class A system: See UV System. 3.29 Class B system: See UV System. 3.30 cleanable: Able to be freed of residues and other soiling materials. 3.30.1 easily cleanable: Fabricated of materials, designed, and construct

38、ed so soil is removed by normal (non-mechanical) cleaning methods. 3.31 cleaning: Removal of residues and other soiling materials. 3.32 clean system: A system that has been conditioned in accordance with the manufacturers instructions prior to commencing the test. 3.33 closed: (As used in NSF/ANSI 6

39、2) Fabricated with no openings exceeding 0.8 mm (1/32 in). 3.34 coating: A layer of material applied to a surface. 3.35 commercial modular system: A system consisting of multiple components attached to a manifold, produced specifically for food service applications, installed by an authorized plumbe

40、r or authorized agent of the manufacturer, and not intended for use in residential applications. 3.36 component: A separate or distinct part of a water treatment system including, but not limited to membranes, filters, housings, tubing, storage tanks, faucets, valves, and connectors. 3.37 condensing

41、: To change a gas or vapor to a liquid. 3.38 contaminant: Any undesirable physical, chemical, radiological or microbiological substance in water. 3.39 corrosion resistant: Capable of maintaining original surface characteristics under prolonged contact with the intended end use environment and exposu

42、re to cleaning or sanitizing procedures. 2018 NSF NSF/ANSI 330 2018 4 3.40 corrosion resistant material: A material that maintains its original surface characteristics under prolonged exposure to the intended use environment and exposure to cleaning or sanitizing procedures. 3.41 critical level: A p

43、oint on a backflow prevention device, which determines the minimum elevation of the device above the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle served. 3.42 cyanotoxins: Intracellular toxins produced by actively growing freshwater cyanobacterial blooms and are released into the surrounding water a

44、s dissolved toxins primarily through cell death and lysis. 3.43 cycle: (As used in NSF/ANSI 62) See distillation. 3.44 cyst: The environmentally resistant stage in the life cycle of certain protozoa which are typically found in water. Cyst includes oocysts of Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma and cysts

45、 of Giardia and Entamoeba. 3.45 daily production rate: See reverse osmosis (RO). 3.46 degradation product: A substance produced from an active agent or additive by biological, chemical, or physical interaction. 3.47 demand initiated regeneration (DIR) water softener: (As used in NSF/ANSI 44) See wat

46、er softener. 3.48 disinfection: The process that eliminates (removing, destroying, and inactivating) many or all pathogenic microorganisms with the exception of the bacterial endospore on inanimate objects and liquids. 3.49 disposable component: A component that requires periodic replacement. 3.50 d

47、isposable pressure vessel: A pressure vessel that is to be replaced at the end of each rated service cycle and has an estimated service life of one year or less. 3.51 disposable system: A system that is to be replaced at the end of each rated service cycle and has an estimated service life of one ye

48、ar or less. 3.52 distillation: A process that consists of vaporizing and condensing water. 3.52.1 cycle: (As used in NSF/ANSI 62) The period of operation of a distiller between a normal start with a properly filled evaporating chamber and the normal automatic shutoff of operation. 3.52.2 evaporating

49、 chamber: A part of a distillation system where water is converted into a vapor. 3.53 distilled water (distillate): See water. 3.54 drain: A conduit used to carry non-product water from a system to waste. Examples of non-product water includes filter backwash water, spent regenerant, rinse water, and reverse osmosis reject water. 3.55 drinking water: See water. 3.56 easily cleanable: See cleanable. 3.57 efficiency rating: See reverse osmosis (RO). 3.58 efficiency rated (ER) water softener: (As used in NSF/ANSI 44) See water softener. 2018 NSF NSF/ANSI