ANSI IEEE 1278.4-1997 Recommended Practice for Distributed Interactive Simulation - Verification Validation and Accreditation (IEEE Computer Society).pdf

《ANSI IEEE 1278.4-1997 Recommended Practice for Distributed Interactive Simulation - Verification Validation and Accreditation (IEEE Computer Society).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ANSI IEEE 1278.4-1997 Recommended Practice for Distributed Interactive Simulation - Verification Validation and Accreditation (IEEE Computer Society).pdf（78页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、g44g40g40g40g3g54g87g71g3g20g21g26g27g17g23g140g16g20g28g28g26g3g11g53g72g68g73g73g3g21g19g20g19g12g44g40g40g40g3g53g72g70g82g80g80g72g81g71g72g71g3g51g85g68g70g87g76g70g72g3g73g82g85g3g39g76g86g87g85g76g69g88g87g72g71g3g44g81g87g72g85g68g70g87g76g89g72g3g54g76g80g88g79g68g87g76g82g81g178g57g72g85g7

2、6g191g70g68g87g76g82g81g15g3g57g68g79g76g71g68g87g76g82g81g15g3g68g81g71g36g70g70g85g72g71g76g87g68g87g76g82g81g3g44g40g40g40g3g38g82g80g83g88g87g72g85g3g54g82g70g76g72g87g92g54g83g82g81g86g82g85g72g71g3g69g92g3g87g75g72g39g76g86g87g85g76g69g88g87g72g71g3g44g81g87g72g85g68g70g87g76g89g72g3g54g76g80g

3、88g79g68g87g76g82g81g3g38g82g80g80g76g87g87g72g72g3g44g40g40g40g22g3g51g68g85g78g3g36g89g72g81g88g72g3g49g72g90g3g60g82g85g78g15g3g49g60g3g20g19g19g20g25g16g24g28g28g26g15g3g56g54g36g3g3g20g3g45g88g79g92g3g21g19g20g19g20g21g26g27g17g23g55g48The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

4、3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2010 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Originally published 1998. Printed in the United States of AmericaUpgraded from Trial to Full-Use Standard (2000). Reaff (2005 and 2010)IPrint: ISBN 978-0-7381

5、-6281-2 STD97006PDF: ISBN 978-0-7381-6387-1 STDPD97006IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment and bullying. For more information, visit http:/www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwis

6、e, without the prior written permissionof the publisher.IEEE Std 1278.4-1997(R2010)IEEE Recommended Practice for Distributed Interactive SimulationVerification, Validation, and AccreditationSponsorDistributed Interactive Simulation Committeeof theIEEE Computer SocietyApproved 9 December 1997Reaffirm

7、ed 17 June 2010IEEE Standards BoardApproved 31march 2003Reaffirmed 14 January 2011IEEE Standards BoardAbstract: Guidelines are established for the verification, validation, and accreditation (VV certification; Distributed Interactive Simulation; simulation; validation;verification; warfare simulatio

8、n; wargamesNotice and Disclaimer of Liability Concerning the Use of IEEE Documents: IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. IEEE develops its standards through a consensus

9、development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While IEEE administers the p

10、rocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. IEEE disclaim

11、s liability for any personal injury, property or other damage, of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon any IEEE Standard document. IEEE does not warrant or represent the accur

12、acy or content of the material contained in its standards, and expressly disclaims any express or implied warranty, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose, or that the use of the material contained in its standards is free from patent infringement. IEEE S

13、tandards documents are supplied “AS IS.“ The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standa

14、rd is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE standard is subjected to review at least every ten years. When a document is more than ten years old and has not undergone a revision

15、 process, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE standard. In publishing and making its standards available, IEEE is not

16、suggesting or rendering professional or other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity. Nor is IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing any IEEE Standards document, should rely upon his or her own independent judgment in the

17、exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the appropriateness of a given IEEE standard. Translations: The IEEE consensus development process involves the review of documents in English only. In the event that

18、 an IEEE standard is translated, only the English version published by IEEE should be considered the approved IEEE standard. Official Statements: A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual shall not be considered the official

19、position of IEEE or any of its committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a formal position of IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considere

20、d the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position of IEEE. Comments on Standards: Comments for revision of IEEE Standards documents are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. However, IEEE does not provide consulting information or ad

21、vice pertaining to IEEE Standards documents. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Since IEEE standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to ensure that any responses to comm

22、ents and questions also receive the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to comments or questions except in those cases where the matter has previously been addr

23、essed. Any person who would like to participate in evaluating comments or revisions to an IEEE standard is welcome to join the relevant IEEE working group at http:/standards.ieee.org/develop/wg/. Comments on standards should be submitted to the following address: Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board 4

24、45 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA Photocopies: Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. To arrang

25、e for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Cent

26、er. Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1278.4-1997 (Reaff 2010), IEEE Recommended Practice for Distributed Inter-active SimulationVerification, Validation, and Accreditation.)Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) is a government/ind

27、ustry initiative to define an infrastructure forlinking simulations of various types at multiple locations to create realistic, complex, virtual “worlds” forthe simulation of highly interactive activities. This infrastructure brings together systems built for separatepurposes, technologies from diff

28、erent eras, products from various vendors, and platforms from various ser-vices and permits them to interoperate. DIS exercises are intended to support a mixture of virtual entitieswith computer-controlled behavior (computer-generated forces), virtual entities with live operators (humanin-the-loop s

29、imulators), live entities (operational platforms and test and evaluation systems), and construc-tive entities (wargames and other automated simulations). DIS draws heavily on experience derived from theSimulator Networking (SIMNET) program developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA),ad

30、opting many of SIMNETs basic concepts and heeding lessons learned.In order for DIS to take advantage of currently installed and future simulations developed by different orga-nizations, a means had to be found for assuring interoperability between dissimilar simulations. Thesemeans were developed in

31、 the form of industry consensus standards. The open forum (including government,industry, and academia) chosen for developing these standards was a series of semi-annual workshops onstandards for the interoperability of distributed simulations, which began in 1989. The results of the work-shops have

32、 been several IEEE standards along with supporting documentation. These standards provideapplication protocol and communication services and profile standards to support DIS interoperability. Inaddition, an IEEE recommended practice for exercise management and feedback provides user guidelinesfor se

33、tting up and conducting a DIS exercise.The relationship between the component documents constituting the set of IEEE DIS documents is shown inthe figure below. Used together, these standards and recommended practices will help to ensure an interoper-able simulated environment.1278.1-1995 and1278.2-1

34、995, IEEE Standardfor Distributed InteractiveSimulationCommunication Servicesand Profiles 1278.3-1996, IEEE Standardfor Distributed InteractiveSimulationExercise Managementand FeedbackDistributed InteractiveSimulation standards,recommended practices,and related documentsEnumeration and Bit-EncodedVa

35、lues for Use withProtocols for Distributed1278.4-1997, IEEE Trial-UseRecommended Practice forDistributed InteractiveSimulationVerification, Validation,and Accreditation P1278.5, Draft Standardfor Distributed InteractiveSimulationFidelity DescriptionRequirements 1278.1a-1998, IEEEStandard for Distrib

36、utedInteractive SimulationApplication ProtocolsInteractive SimulationApplicationsDocumentation relationshipsiv Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved.The interoperability components addressed by these standards and recommended practices are as follows:a) Application protocols;b) Communication serv

37、ices and profiles;c) Exercise management and feedback;d) Validation, verification, and accreditation; ande) Fidelity description requirements.IEEE Std 1278.1-1995, IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive SimulationApplications Protocols, andIEEE Std 1278.1a-1998 (Supplement to IEEE Std 1278.1-1995

38、) define the format and semantics of datamessages, also known as protocol data units (PDUs), that are exchanged between simulation applicationsand simulation management. The PDUs provide information concerning simulated entity states, the type ofentity interactions that take place in a DIS exercise,

39、 and data for management and control of a DIS exercise,simulated environment states, aggregation of entities, and the transfer of control entities. IEEE Std 1278.1a-1998 also specifies the communciation services to be used with each of the PDUs. An additional, non-IEEE document is required for use w

40、ith IEEE Std 1278.1-1995 and IEEE Std 1278.1a-1998. This document is entitled Enumeration and Bit-Encoded Values for Use with Protocols for DistributedInteractive Simulation Applications and is available from the Defense Modeling, Simulation and TacticalTechnology Information Analysis Center.1IEEE S

41、td 1278.2-1995, IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive SimulationCommunication Servicesand Profiles, defines the communication services required to support the message exchange described inIEEE Std 1278.1-1995 and IEEE Std 1278.1a-1998. In addition, IEEE Std 1278.2-1995 provides severalcommunicat

42、ion profiles that meet the specified communications requirements.Taken together, IEEE Std 1278.1-1995, IEEE Std 1278.1a-1998, and IEEE Std 1278.2-1995 provide the nec-essary information exchange for the communications element of DIS.IEEE Std 1278.3-1996, IEEE Recommended Practice for Distributed Int

43、eractive SimulationExerciseManagement and Feedback, provides guidelines for establishing a DIS exercise, managing the exercise, andproviding proper feedback. This recommended practice is used in conjunction with IEEE Std 1278.1-1995,IEEE Std 1278.1a-1998, and IEEE Std 1278.2-1995.IEEE Std 1278.4-199

44、7, IEEE Recommended Practice for Distributed Interactive SimulationVerification,Validation, and Accreditation, provides guidelines for verifying, validating, and accrediting a DIS exercise.This recommended practice, used in conjunction with IEEE Std 1278.3-1996, presents data flow and con-nectivity

45、for all proposed verification and validation activities and provides rationale and justification foreach step.IEEE P1278.5, Draft Standard for Distributed Interactive SimulationFidelity Description Requirements,provides a taxonomy of fidelity characteristics with a consistent and uniform language to

46、 describe fidelity atsix levels: resource, fidelity domain, capability, implementation, characteristic, and descriptor.1For information about the Defense Modeling, Simulation and Tactical Technology Information Analysis Center, see their Web site athttp:/ 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. vParticipant

47、sDuring the development cycle of this recommended practice, the DIS Verification, Validation, and Accredi-tation Subgroup had the following membership:Simone Youngblood, Chair Larry Cantwell, Co-chairPam Blechinger, Secretary Susan Solick, RecorderRay Miller, Air Force Representative Jim Weatherly,

48、Navy RepresentativeBill Dunn, Army RepresentatiiveBenn AaronsonJohn AbernathyDonald AbramsJohn AdamsMonty AndersonChris BaileyDamon BakerPeter BeckettJack BenkertTom BerginJeff Bideaux Robert BishopKerry BlountSteve BravyWilliam BrayDonald BrownSteven BrownJean BrumesterMartin Bushika Gerry Cabaniss

49、Richard CampbellJulie ChuKenneth CiarelliJudy ClarkTom ClarkeGary Q. CoeKen ColeCrain CottenRandy Cox Cla Crassous de MedeuilKeith CurtisRon DeLucaCarrol DenneyDennis DeRiggiAmitabh DeyGeorge Dietrich, Jr.Bob DightonJon DodsonJulie DoerrMichael DoughertyHenry DubinMark DumbleRobert EberthRichard ElgJoseph L. FaixSusan FeldmanPeter FeursteinEdward FeustelRonald FischerGary FriedmanBeverly FriendPat GarrityPatti GillespieLawrence GoldbergSteve GoldbergRiley GoodwinPeggy GravitzShelton GreenKimberly GremplerCharles HankinsGene HardinGale Har