ANSI ASTM F2157-2009 Standard Specification for Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks.pdf

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1、Designation: F2157 09 An American National StandardStandard Specification forSynthetic Surfaced Running Tracks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l

2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThere is a need to provide for the safety of athletes and durability of surfaces used for competitionrunning. There are

3、 a number of sources of injury with regard to the performance of a running tracksurface and protection of athletes of all ages.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the minimum performancerequirements and classification when tested in accordance withthe procedures outlined within this specifica

4、tion. All docu-ments referencing this specification must include classificationrequired.1.2 This specification does not imply that an injury cannotbe incurred if the surface is found to be in compliance with thisspecification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other

5、units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical Analy-sisD2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray ScaleD2859 Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of FinishedTextile Floor Co

6、vering MaterialsD2950 Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete inPlace by Nuclear MethodsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Proper-ties Using the British Pendulum TesterE691 Practice for Conducting an Inter

7、laboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1131 Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermo-gravimetryG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 Other Standards:DIN 18035 Part 6 A Standard for Sports Grounds,

8、SyntheticSurfacings, Requirements, Test, Maintenance3IAAF Performance Specifications for Synthetic SurfacedAthletics Tracks (Outdoors)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 compliance, na test result that falls within thespecified range, meets a stated minimum value

9、or achieves a“pass” rating on a test with a pass/fail result.3.1.2 “D” area, nan integral part of the synthetic surfac-ing located within the oval.3.1.3 EPDM components, nthe residual elements of anEPDM rubber product once the fillers and plasticizers havebeen eliminated.3.1.4 EPDM rubber product, n

10、a product comprised oforganic and inorganic materials with a minimum of 20 % anda maximum of 26 % of ethylene propylene-diene-saturatedpolymethylene main chain along with other organic andinorganic components.3.1.5 flat, nan area that by design is to have a finishedslope of 0.5 % or less.3.1.6 recyc

11、led black EPDM rubber product, ncrumbs orgranules manufactured through ambient or cryogenic grindingor crushing of post industrial scrap (typically automotive),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct re

12、sponsibility ofSubcommittee F08.52 on Miscellaneous Playing Surfaces.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2157 08. DOI:10.1520/F2157-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o

13、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN- DIN Deutsches Institut furNormung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany.4A

14、vailable from IAAF Headquarters, 17 rue Princesse FlorestineBP 359,MC-98007, Monaco Cedex. http:/www.iaaf.orgCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1containing a mixture of types of rubber including EPDMrubber product and vary

15、ing in size. The material must be freeof dust, metals, and other contaminants.3.1.7 recycled SBR rubber, ncrumbs, granules, orbuffings/strands manufactured through the ambient or cryo-genic grinding or crushing of car or truck tires or industrialscrap and varying in size. Must be free of dust, metal

16、s, andother contaminants.3.1.8 SBR rubber product, nstyrene-butadiene rubbers arethe general-purpose synthetic rubbers.3.1.9 site report, na comprehensive report of the testresults obtained through site testing including siteidentification, testing conditions, test standard identification,test metho

17、dology, test results in average and by test point, a siteplan locating test points and areas of deviation and a conclu-sion stating the classification achieved by the surface from thetesting.3.1.10 site testing, na combination of on-site and labora-tory testing of site produced samples to establish

18、compliance ofan installed surface within a classification or other specifica-tions.3.1.11 suitability report, na report of the results fromsuitability testing which may be used as a guideline for surfaceproduct comparisons and as a general benchmark for installedsurfaces.3.1.12 suitability testing,

19、na specific group of tests whichare performed in the laboratory on an uninstalled surfacesample. Such testing serves as a guideline for general surfacecompliance to the standard. It makes no inference about aninstalled surface.3.1.13 track classification, na rating given to a surfacebased on the tes

20、t results of either the suitability testing or sitetesting. Tracks are classified A to C in descending order. Toachieve a classification, a surface must comply with all of thetest specifications of that classification.3.1.13.1 track classification Aa rating given to surfacesthat meet the specificati

21、ons for the A level track surfaces asspecified herein.3.1.13.2 track classification Ba rating given to surfacesthat meet the specifications for B level track surface asspecified herein.3.1.13.3 track classification Ca rating given to surfacesthat meet the specifications for C level track surface ass

22、pecified herein.4. Significance and Use4.1 Data obtained from this specification are indicative ofthe performance characteristics for the running track surfaceand can be used only for comparisons and establishing mini-mum requirements.5. Test Methods and Requirements for Asphalt Base5.1 Type and Com

23、paction:5.1.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe asphaltbase and asphalt wearing course (two layers) for the runningtrack shall conform to the mixes established for road traffic inthe jurisdiction and according to the synthetic surface manu-facturers recommendation of the running track. The asp

24、haltbase and asphalt wearing course (two layers) shall be com-pacted to a minimum of 95 % density for machine finish and90 % density for hand packed areas according to Test MethodD2950. Laboratory tests are performed with local DOT proce-dures. Hand-packed limited to areas not accessible by appro-pr

25、iate equipment.Where the asphalt is permeable to water or ofan open type, vertical drainage is required.5.1.2 Test MethodUse test method as described in TestMethod D2950.5.2 Evenness:5.2.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe runningtrack asphalt base shall be installed so that on a localized lev

26、el,there shall be no bumps or depressions beneath a 3-m straight-edge exceeding 6 mm for a ClassAand B surfaces or 8 mm forClass C surfaces. Depressions beneath a 1-m straightedge shallnot exceed 3 mm for Class A and Class B surface or 4 mm forClass C. There shall be no step-like irregularities grea

27、ter than1 mm in height (see Table 1).5.2.2 Test MethodDrag or regularly place the 3-mstraightedge, advancing by one half the length of the straight-edge for each measurement, on the surface along the length ofthe odd numbered lanes and each runway as a minimum.Additional locations may be tested at t

28、he discretion of the testlaboratory. Both ends of the straightedge should be in contactwith the asphalt surface. At each location use visual observa-tion to determine if a gap exists under the straightedge. Shoulda gap exist, use a calibrated wedge to determine the actual sizeof the gap. For runways

29、, the measurement is regularly taken upthe center of the runway. Where a gap is found, this is recordedon a plan of the facility.5.3 Drainage:5.3.1 Description and Required PerformanceDue to therequirements for evenness, the drainage requirements for theasphalt surface shall be the same as the drain

30、age requirementsfor the synthetic surface as specified in this standard.5.3.2 Test MethodThe asphalt surface is flooded withwater by any number of means, and the time is measured fromthe time the flooding stops for 20 min. Locations with standingwater are noted on a plan of the facility.6. Test Meth

31、ods, Description, and Required Performancefor Newly Installed Synthetic Surfaces6.1 Imperfections:6.1.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe durabil-ity and dynamic performance of the surface may be compro-mised by imperfections such as bubbles, fissures, uncuredareas, delamination, etc. These wi

32、ll not be allowed and must becorrected.6.1.2 Test MethodA visual examination of the surface isconducted and imperfections noted on a plan of the facility. Aphotographic record of imperfections may be used to enhancethe report.6.2 Evenness:6.2.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe runningtrack su

33、rface shall be installed so that on a localized level, thereF2157 092shall be no bumps or depressions beneath a 3-m straightedgeexceeding 6 mm for a Class A and B surfaces or 8 mm forClass C surfaces. Depressions beneath a 1-m straightedge shallnot exceed 3 mm for Class A and Class B surface or 4 mm

34、 forClass C. There shall be no step-like irregularities greater than1 mm in height. Particular attention is to be paid to seams andjoints in the running surface. The intent is to ensure the safetyof the athlete and provide an even running surface.6.2.2 Test MethodDrag or regularly place the 3-mstrai

35、ghtedge, advancing by one half the length of the straight-edge for each measurement, on the surface, along the length ofthe odd-numbered lanes and centerline of each run-up andapproach area as a minimum. Additional locations may betested at the discretion of the test laboratory. Both ends of thestra

36、ightedge should be in contact with the surface. At eachlocation use visual observation to determine if a gap existsunder the straightedge. Should a gap exist, verify that both endsof the straightedge rest on the surface, moving the straightedgeif necessary, then use a calibrated wedge to determine t

37、heactual size of the gap. For runways, the measurement is takenup the center of the runway. For the high jump fan or “D” themeasurement is taken at 5-m intervals along parallel axis intwo directions. Where a gap is found exceeding the maximumfor the class, this is recorded on a plan of the facility.

38、6.3 Thickness:6.3.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe durabil-ity of the surface and the safety of the athlete can be affectedby the thickness of the running track surface. The use of spikesenhances this requirement for a minimum thickness. There willbe specifically designed areas such as in t

39、he javelin runway orother high stress areas where the safety of the athlete and thedurability of the surface will dictate that the thickness begreater than the minimum. This additional thickness shall notaffect the evenness of the surface. The average thickness of therunning track surface shall be a

40、t least 12 mm, and nowhereshall the thickness be less than 10 mm. For Class A the totalarea with a thickness between 10 mm and 10.5 mm shall be nogreater than 5 % of the total surface.6.3.2 Test Method:6.3.2.1 A calibrated three-prong floor depth measuringprobe is used to determine the thickness of

41、the running surface.Care must be taken not to penetrate the asphalt base of therunning surface. This thickness is measured at a minimum of100 locations, starting at the finish line and moving in acounter-clockwise direction taking readings first in the evenlanes (2, 4, 6, 8) and then the odd lanes (

42、1, 3, 5, 7) in the centerof each lane and at regular intervals. For Class A, the intervalis set at every 10 m. Runways shall be probed at 5-m intervalscentered along the length and the “D area” shall be probed ona minimum of 15 locations evenly spaced throughout the areaas a minimum for Class B and

43、Class C, while for Class A, thetest must be performed at 5-m intervals along parallel axes intwo directions. The measurements taken are recorded and thetest points listed in the test report.6.3.2.2 A core (10 to 25 mm in diameter) is removed andmeasured using the following method to make the finalde

44、termination as to the actual thickness. The surface texture ofthe core is abraded with a grade 60 abrasive for approximately50 % of the surface area of the core. The thickness of theabraded area of the core is measured using a thickness gaugeTABLE 1 Performance Requirements for the TestsTest Methoda

45、nd RequirementClass ARequirementClass BRequirementClass CRequirementSuitability/Site TestImperfections No bubbles, fissures, uncured areasdelamination, etcANo bubbles, fissures, uncured areasdelamination, etc.No bubbles, fissures, uncured areasdelamination, etcSiteEvenness No depressions over 6 mm i

46、n 3 m or 3mm/1 m; No step-like irregularitiesgreater than 1 mmANo depressions over 6 mm in3mor3 mm/1 m; no step-likeirregularities greater than 1 mmNo depressions over 8 mm in3mor4 mm/1 m; No step-likeirregularities greater than 1 mmSiteThickness To comply with IAAF ProductCertificate/IAAF Product R

47、eport orthis Standard compliance report,with no area under 80 % and withcompliance to Force Reduction andDeformation requirements met.Min 12 mm avg; nowhere 0.2 mm 0.5 mm thinfilm sample of each binder and coating utilized.9.1.5 For the EPDM, there must be a submission of a testcertificate provided

48、by the EPDM manufacturer or 2 slabs 160mm260mm2mmplus 454 g (1 lb) of 2-mm EPDMgranules are required for laboratory testing.9.2 Written Submissions:9.2.1 Description of the system including composition,structures and texture of the system.9.2.2 Identification of the binders and coatings with mixingr

49、atios for two-component products by name and manufacturerare to be kept on file by the test laboratory for the purpose ofconfirmation of materials utilized on site.10. Report10.1 Suitability Report:10.1.1 Name of applicant/company;10.1.2 Description of samples (who produced them, whenand where were they produced);10.1.3 Record of the delivery of the samples (date, amount,size, delivered by);10.1.4 Name and description of product, materials, andcomponents;10.1.5 Test performed;10.1.6 Equipment utilized;10.1.7 Standard for the test and version;10.1.8