ANSI ASME Y14.5-2009 Dimensioning and Tolerancing《尺寸和公差选定》.pdf

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1、AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARDASME Y14.5-2009Revision of ASME Y14.5M-1994 (R2004)Dimensioningand TolerancingEngineering Drawing and Related Documentation PracticesASME Y14.5ADOPTION NOTICEASME Y14.5, Dimensioning and Tolerancing, was adopted on 9 February 2009 for use by the Department ofDefense(DoD).Pro

2、posedchangesbyDoDactivitiesmustbesubmittedtotheDoDAdoptingActivity:Commander,U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC), ATTN: AMSRD-AAR-QES-E, PicatinnyArsenal, NJ 07806-5000. Copies of this document may be purchased from The American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME), 22 La

3、w Drive, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900, http:/www.asme.org.Custodians: Adopting Activity:Army AR Army ARNavy SA (ProjectDRPR-2009-003)Air Force 16Review Activities:Army CR, IE, MI, PT, TM2Navy AS, CG, CH, EC, MC, NP, TDAir Force 13, 99DLADHOSDSENSANSOther CM, MP, DC2NOTE: The activities li

4、sted above were interested in this document as of the dateof this document. Since organizations and responsibilities can change, you shouldverify the currency of the information above using the ASSIST Online databaseat http:/assist.daps.dla.mil.AMSC N/A AREA DRPRDISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved fo

5、r public release; distribution is unlimited.ASME Y14.5-2009Dimensioning and TolerancingEngineering Drawing and Related Documentation PracticesAN INTERNATIONAL STANDARDRevision of ASME Y14.5M-1994 (R2004)Date of Issuance: March 27, 2009This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issua

6、nce of a new edition. There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard issued to this edition.Periodically certain actions of the ASME Y14 Committee may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/cstools.

7、asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balance

8、d to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the pu

9、blic-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure any

10、one utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their

11、 own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with th

12、e established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical En

13、gineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2009 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.iiiCONTENTSForeword viCommittee Roster viiiCorrespondence With the Y14 Committee ixSection 1 Scope, Definitions, and General Dimensioning 11.1 Scope 11.2

14、References . 11.3 Definitions 21.4 Fundamental Rules 71.5 Units of Measure 81.6 Types of Dimensioning . 91.7 Application of Dimensions 101.8 Dimensioning Features . 131.9 Location of Features 20Section 2 General Tolerancing and Related Principles 242.1 General 242.2 Direct Tolerancing Methods . 242.

15、3 Tolerance Expression . 252.4 Interpretation of Limits . 262.5 Single Limits . 262.6 Tolerance Accumulation . 262.7 Limits of Size 272.8 Applicability of Modifiers on Geometric Tolerance Values and Datum Feature References . 292.9 Screw Threads 312.10 Gears and Splines 312.11 Boundary Conditions 31

16、2.12 Angular Surfaces . 312.13 Conical Tapers 352.14 Flat Tapers . 352.15 Radius 362.16 Tangent Plane . 362.17 Statistical Tolerancing . 36Section 3 Symbology 383.1 General 383.2 Use of Notes to Supplement Symbols 383.3 Symbol Construction . 383.4 Feature Control Frame Symbols 443.5 Feature Control

17、Frame Placement . 463.6 Definition of the Tolerance Zone . 463.7 Tabulated Tolerances . 46Section 4 Datum Reference Frames 484.1 General 484.2 Degrees of Freedom . 484.3 Degrees of Freedom Constrained by Primary Datum Features Regardless of Material Boundary 484.4 Constraining Degrees of Freedom of

18、a Part . 484.5 Datum Feature Simulator . 534.6 Theoretical and Physical Application of Datum Feature Simulators . 534.7 Datum Reference Frame . 53iv4.8 Datum Features 574.9 Datum Feature Controls . 584.10 Specifying Datum Features in an Order of Precedence . 584.11 Establishing Datums . 594.12 Multi

19、ple Datum Features . 654.13 Mathematically Defined Surface . 694.14 Multiple Datum Reference Frames . 694.15 Functional Datum Features 694.16 Rotational Constraint About a Datum Axis or Point 704.17 Application of MMB, LMB, and RMB to Irregular Features of Size 744.18 Datum Feature Selection Practic

20、al Application . 754.19 Simultaneous Requirements 764.20 Restrained Condition 794.21 Datum Reference Frame Identification 794.22 Customized Datum Reference Frame Construction . 814.23 Application of a Customized Datum Reference Frame . 814.24 Datum Targets 83Section 5 Tolerances of Form 915.1 Genera

21、l 915.2 Form Control 915.3 Specifying Form Tolerances . 915.4 Form Tolerances . 915.5 Application of Free-State Symbol 95Section 6 Tolerances of Orientation . 996.1 General 996.2 Orientation Control . 996.3 Orientation Symbols 996.4 Specifying Orientation Tolerances 996.5 Tangent Plane . 1036.6 Alte

22、rnative Practice . 103Section 7 Tolerances of Location 1087.1 General 1087.2 Positional Tolerancing . 1087.3 Positional Tolerancing Fundamentals: I . 1087.4 Positional Tolerancing Fundamentals: II 1197.5 Pattern Location . 1277.6 Coaxial Feature Controls 1487.7 Tolerancing for Symmetrical Relationsh

23、ips . 156Section 8 Tolerances of Profile . 1588.1 General 1588.2 Profile 1588.3 Tolerance Zone Boundaries 1588.4 Profile Applications . 1658.5 Material Condition and Boundary Condition Modifiers as Related to Profile Controls . 1678.6 Composite Profile 1678.7 Multiple Single-Segment Profile Toleranc

24、ing 1758.8 Combined Controls . 175Section 9 Tolerances of Runout 1809.1 General 1809.2 Runout . 1809.3 Runout Tolerance . 1809.4 Types of Runout Tolerances . 1809.5 Application . 1829.6 Specification . 182vNonmandatory AppendicesA Principal Changes and Improvements . 185B Formulas for Positional Tol

25、erancing . 191C Form, Proportion, and Comparison of Symbols 194D Former Practices 199E Decision Diagrams for Geometric Control 200 Index . 207viFOREWORDThis issue is a revision of ASME Y14.5M-1994, Dimensioning and Tolerancing. The main object for this revision has been to rearrange the material to

26、better direct the thought process of the user when applying Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing. The subject matter of Sections 1 through 4 remains the same as in the previous revision. Sections 5 and 6 were formerly titled “Tolerances of Location” and “Tolerances of Form, Profile, Orientation, a

27、nd Runout.” The new order following Section 4, Datums, is Section 5, Tolerances of Form; Section 6, Tolerances of Orientation; Section 7, Tolerances of Location; Section 8, Tolerances of Profile; and Section 9, Tolerances of Runout. When applying GD Attn: Secretary, Y14 Standards Committee; Three Pa

28、rk Avenue, New York, NY 10016. This revision was approved as an American National Standard on February 6, 2009.NOTE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this Standard may require use of an inven-tion covered by patent rights.By publication of this Standard, no posit

29、ion is taken with respect to the validity of any such claim(s) or of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder has fi led a statement of willingness to grant a license under these rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain suc

30、h a license, then details may be obtained from the standards developer.AcknowledgmentsP. J. McCuistion, Ohio University, created the illustrations for this Standard.viiiASME Y14 COMMITTEEEngineering Drawing and Related Documentation Practices(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time

31、of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSF. Bakos, ChairW. A. Kaba, Vice ChairC. J. Gomez, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELA. R. Anderson, Dimensional Control Systems, Inc./ W. A. Kaba, Spirit AeroSystems, Inc.Dimensional Dynamics, LLC K. S. King, BAE SystemsF. Bakos, Consulta

32、nt A. Krulikowski, Effective Training Inc.J. V. Burleigh, Consultant P. J. McCuistion, Ohio UniversityD. E. Day, TEC-EASE, Inc. J. D. Meadows, James D. Meadows and Associates, Inc.K. Dobert, Siemens PLM Software, Inc./Geometric Design Services J. M. Smith, Caterpillar, Inc.C. W. Ferguson, WM Educati

33、on Services N. H. Smith, Spirit AeroSystems, Inc.C. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers K. E. Wiegandt, Sandia National LaboratoriesB. A. Harding, Purdue University R. G. Wilhelm, University of North CarolinaD. H. Honsinger, Consultant B. A. Wilson, The Boeing CompanySUBCOMMITTEE

34、5 DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCINGA. R. Anderson, Chair, Dimensional Control Systems, Inc./ K. S. King, BAE SystemsDimensional Dynamics, LLC. A. Krulikowski, Effective Training, Inc.F. Bakos, Consultant P. J. McCuistion, Ohio UniversityN. W. Cutler, Dimensional Management, Inc. M. E. Meloro, Secretary,

35、Northrop Grumman Corp.D. E. Day, TEC-EASE, Inc. T. C. Miller, Los Alamos National LaboratoryK. Dobert, Siemens PLM Software, Inc./Geometric Design Services A. G. Neumann, Technical Consultants, Inc.P. J. Drake, Jr., MechSigma Consulting, Inc E. Niemiec, ConsultantC. W. Ferguson, WM Education Service

36、 G. M. Patterson, GE Aircraft EnginesC. J. Gomez, Staff Secretary, The American Society of D. W. Shepherd, Shepherd IndustriesMechanical Engineers J. M. Smith, Caterpillar, Inc.C. Houk, Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation B. A. Wilson, The Boeing CompanyD. P. Karl, Vice Chair, Karl Engineering Services

37、Inc. M. P. Wright, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co.J. D. Keith, Spirit Aero Systems, Inc. SUBCOMMITTEE 5 SUPPORT GROUPO. J. Deschepper, General Motors J. I. Miles, Lockheed Martin AeronauticsB. R. Fischer, Advanced Dimensional Management, LLC M. A. Murphy, General Motors CorporationB. A. Harding, Pur

38、due University R. A. Wheeler, Goodrich AerostructuresD. H. Honsinger, Consultant R. D. Wiles, Datum Inspection ServicesP. Mares, The Boeing Company J. E. Winconek, ConsultantJ. D. Meadows, James D. Meadows and Associates, Inc.ixCORRESPONDENCE WITH THE Y14 COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME Standards are develop

39、ed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by proposing revisions and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to:Secretary, Y14 Standards CommitteeThe American Society o

40、f Mechanical EngineersThree Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear neces-sary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard. Approved revi-sions will be pu

41、blished periodically.The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal including any pertinent documentation.Proposing a C

42、ase. Cases may be issued for the purpose of providing alternative rules when justified, to permit early implementation of an approved revision when the need is urgent, or to provide rules not covered by exist-ing provisions. Cases are effective immediately upon ASME approval and shall be posted on t

43、he ASME Committee Web page.Requests for Cases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information. The request should identify the standard, the paragraph, figure or table number(s), and be written as a Question and Reply in the same format as existing Cases. Requests for Cases should also

44、indicate the applicable edition(s) of the standard to which the pro-posed Case applies.Attending Committee Meetings. The Y14 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings or telephone conferences, which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting or telephone conference should conta

45、ct the Secretary of the Y14 Standards Committee or check our Web site at http:/cstools.asme.org/csconnect/.xINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME Y14.5-2009DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCINGSection 1Scope, Definitions, and General Dimensioning11.1 SCOPEThis Standard establishes uniform practices for stating and in

46、terpreting dimensioning, tolerancing, and related requirements for use on engineering drawings and in related documents. For a mathematical expla-nation of many of the principles in this Standard, see ASME Y14.5.1. Practices unique to architectural and civil engineering and welding symbology are not

47、 included.1.1.1 GeneralSection 1 establishes definitions, fundamental rules, and practices for general dimensioning. For tolerancing practices, see Sections 2 through 9. Additional informa-tion about tolerancing maybe found in Nonmandatory Appendices A through E. 1.1.2 UnitsThe International System

48、of Units (SI) is featured in this Standard because SI units are expected to supersede United States (U.S.) customary units specified on engineer-ing drawings. Customary units could equally well have been used without prejudice to the principles established.1.1.3 Reference to This StandardWhere drawi

49、ngs are based on this Standard, this fact shall be noted on the drawings or in a document refer-enced on the drawings. References to this Standard shall state ASME Y14.5-2009.1.1.4 FiguresThe figures in this Standard are intended only as illustrations to aid the user in understanding the prin-ciples and methods of dimensioning and tolerancing described in the text. The absence of a figure illustrat-ing the desired application is neither reason to assume inapplicability, nor basis for drawing rejection. In som