ANSI ASME B31.12-2014 Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines《氢气管路和管道》.pdf

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1、Hydrogen Piping and PipelinesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B31.12-2014(Revision of ASME B31.12-2011)ASME B31.12-2014(Revision of ASME B31.12-2011)Hydrogen Pipingand PipelinesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York,

2、 NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: February 20, 2015The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2017. This Code will become effective6 months after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code.Interpretations

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5、en errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under

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11、m,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2015 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForewo

12、rd ixCommittee Roster . xSummary of Changes xiiiPART GR GENERAL REQUIREMENTSChapter GR-1 Scope and DefinitionsGR-1.1 Scope 1GR-1.2 Responsibilities 1GR-1.3 Intent of the Code . 2GR-1.4 Packaged Equipment Requirements . 2GR-1.5 Terms and Definitions 2GR-1.6 B31.12 Appendices . 11GR-1.7 Nomenclature 1

13、2Chapter GR-2 MaterialsGR-2.1 General Requirements 13GR-2.2 Joining and Auxiliary Materials 27Chapter GR-3 Welding, Brazing, Heat Treating, Forming, and TestingGR-3.1 General 28GR-3.2 Welding and Brazing . 28GR-3.3 Welding and Brazing Materials . 31GR-3.4 Construction of Weldments . 31GR-3.5 Preheat

14、ing for Weldments 44GR-3.6 Heat Treatment 44GR-3.7 Specific and Alternative Heat Treat Requirements . 47GR-3.8 Construction of Brazements 47GR-3.9 Forming of Pipe Components 50GR-3.10 Testing 50Chapter GR-4 Inspection, Examination, and TestingGR-4.1 General 51GR-4.2 Inspection . 51GR-4.3 Examination

15、 . 51GR-4.4 Personnel Qualification and Certification . 52GR-4.5 Extent of Required Examination and Testing 53GR-4.6 Acceptance Criteria 53GR-4.7 Supplementary Examination . 53GR-4.8 Examinations to Resolve Uncertainty . 53GR-4.9 Defective Components and Workmanship 53GR-4.10 Progressive Sampling fo

16、r Examination 53GR-4.11 Testing 53GR-4.12 Records 53GR-4.13 NDE Definitions . 53Chapter GR-5 Operation and MaintenanceGR-5.1 General 55GR-5.2 Operation and Maintenance Plan . 55GR-5.3 Maintenance Requirements . 57GR-5.4 Leakage Surveys . 59GR-5.5 Repair Procedures 59GR-5.6 Injurious Dents and Mechan

17、ical Damage . 59iiiGR-5.7 Permanent Repair of Welds With Defects . 61GR-5.8 Permanent Field Repair of Leaks and Nonleaking Corroded Areas . 61GR-5.9 Permanent Field Repair of Hydrogen Stress Cracking in Hard Spotsand Stress Corrosion Cracking . 61GR-5.10 Testing and Examination of Repairs 61GR-5.11

18、Valve Maintenance . 61GR-5.12 Transmission Pipeline Maintenance . 62GR-5.13 Abandoning of Transmission Facilities 63GR-5.14 Decommissioning of Transmission Facilities . 63GR-5.15 Recommissioning of Transmission Facilities . 63GR-5.16 Repositioning a Pipeline in Service . 63GR-5.17 Testing for Integr

19、ity Assessment of In-Service Pipelines . 64GR-5.18 Distribution Pipeline Maintenance 65GR-5.19 Leakage Surveys . 65GR-5.20 Leakage Investigation and Action 65GR-5.21 Repair, Testing, and Examination of Mains Operating at Hoop StressLevels at or Above 30% of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength . 66G

20、R-5.22 Requirements for Abandoning, Disconnecting, and ReinstatingDistribution Facilities 66GR-5.23 Maintenance of Specific Facilities . 67Chapter GR-6 Quality System Program for Hydrogen Piping and Pipeline SystemsGR-6.1 Quality System Program . 69GR-6.2 Quality Manual 69GR-6.3 Quality System Funct

21、ions 69FiguresGR-2.1.2-1 Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testing for Carbon SteelMaterials 20GR-2.1.2-2 Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without ImpactTesting 22GR-3.4.3-1 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt With ExtendedLand 33GR-3.4.3-2 Geometry of Weld Joint Deta

22、il Square Butt Weld 33GR-3.4.3-3 Unequal Pipe Component Thicknesses, Thicker Components Bored forAlignment . 33GR-3.4.3-4 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root 33GR-3.4.3-5 Unequal Pipe Component Thicknesses, Thicker Components Taper-Boredto Align . 34GR-3.4.3-6 Geometry of

23、 Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, Continuous FlatBacking Ring 34GR-3.4.3-7 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, ContinuousTapered Backing Ring 34GR-3.4.3-8 Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, ConsumableInsert . 35GR-3.4.3-9 Preparation and Alignment of Pip

24、e Branch to Pipe HeaderConnection 35GR-3.4.4-1 Geometry of Weld Deposit Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root 36GR-3.4.4-2 Geometry of Weld Deposit Root Single Vee Groove Butt WithExtended Land (Without Filler Metal) 36GR-3.4.4-3 Geometry of Weld Deposit Square Butt End (Without Filler Metal) 36GR-3.4.5

25、-1 Welding End Transition Maximum Envelope . 37GR-3.4.6-1 Geometry of Weld Deposit Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root WithConcavity . 39GR-3.4.7-1 Fillet Weld Size 39GR-3.4.7-2 Typical Details for Double-Welded Slip-On Flanges . 40GR-3.4.7-3 Minimum Welding Dimensions for Socket Welding Components to

26、Pipe Including Fit-Up Detail . 40ivGR-3.4.9-1 Typical Welded Branch Connections 41GR-3.4.9-2 Acceptable Details for Pipe Branch Attachment Welds 42GR-3.4.9-3 Acceptable Detail for Branch Connection of Pipe Fitting 43GR-3.4.9-4 Acceptable Details for Branch Attachment Suitable for 100%Radiography 43G

27、R-3.8-1 Joints for Tubular Components . 48TablesGR-2.1.1-1 Material Specification Index for Piping and Pipe Components . 14GR-2.1.1-2 Material Specification Index for Pipelines . 17GR-2.1.2-1 Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Metals . 19GR-2.1.2-2 Tabular Values for Minimum Temper

28、atures Without Impact Testingfor Carbon Steel Materials . 21GR-2.1.3-1 Impact Testing Requirements for Metals 23GR-2.1.3-2 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction 24GR-2.1.3-3 Minimum Required Charpy V-Notch Impact Values . 25GR-3.4.6-1 Weld Reinforcement 38GR-3.5-1 Preheat Temperatures 45GR-3.6.1-

29、1 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Weldments . 45PART IP INDUSTRIAL PIPINGChapter IP-1 Scope and ResponsibilitiesIP-1.1 Scope 72IP-1.2 Responsibilities 72IP-1.3 Intent 72IP-1.4 Determining Code Requirements . 72Chapter IP-2 Design Conditions and CriteriaIP-2.1 Design Conditions . 73IP-2.2

30、 Design Criteria 74Chapter IP-3 Pressure Design of Piping ComponentsIP-3.1 General 81IP-3.2 Straight Pipe . 81IP-3.3 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe 82IP-3.4 Branch Connections 83IP-3.5 Closures . 89IP-3.6 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks . 89IP-3.7 Reducers 90IP-3.8 Pressure Design of Othe

31、r Components 90Chapter IP-4 Service Requirements for Piping ComponentsIP-4.1 Valves and Specialty Components 92IP-4.2 Bolting and Tapped Holes for Components . 92Chapter IP-5 Service Requirements for Piping JointsIP-5.1 Scope 93IP-5.2 Welded Joints 93IP-5.3 Flanged Joints . 93IP-5.4 Expanded Joints

32、. 94IP-5.5 Threaded Joints 95IP-5.6 Caulked Joints . 95IP-5.7 Brazed and Soldered Joints . 95IP-5.8 Special Joints 96Chapter IP-6 Flexibility and SupportIP-6.1 Flexibility of Piping 97IP-6.2 Piping Supports . 102vChapter IP-7 Specific Piping SystemsIP-7.1 Instrument Piping 105IP-7.2 Pressure-Relievi

33、ng Systems . 105Chapter IP-8 Dimensions and Ratings of ComponentsIP-8.1 Dimensional Requirements . 106IP-8.2 Ratings of Components 106IP-8.3 Reference Documents 106Chapter IP-9 Fabrication, Erection, and AssemblyIP-9.1 General 108IP-9.2 Responsibility 108IP-9.3 Content and Coverage . 108IP-9.4 Packa

34、ged Equipment Piping 108IP-9.5 Exclusions . 108IP-9.6 Fabrication and Erection . 108IP-9.7 Construction of Weldments . 108IP-9.8 Preheating for Weldments 109IP-9.9 Heat Treatment 109IP-9.10 Specific and Alternative Heat Treatment Requirements 109IP-9.11 Construction of Brazements 109IP-9.12 Bending

35、and Forming of Pipe and Tube 109IP-9.13 Assembly and Erection . 110IP-9.14 Threaded Joints 110IP-9.15 Tubing Joints 110IP-9.16 Expanded Joints and Special Joints . 110IP-9.17 Pipe Attachments and Supports 111IP-9.18 Cleaning of Piping . 111Chapter IP-10 Inspection, Examination, and TestingIP-10.1 Sc

36、ope 112IP-10.2 Responsibility 112IP-10.3 Inspections by Owners Inspector 112IP-10.4 Examination Requirements . 112IP-10.5 Testing 117IP-10.6 Hydrostatic Leak Test 118IP-10.7 Pneumatic Leak Test . 119IP-10.8 HydrostaticPneumatic Leak Test . 119IP-10.9 Sensitive Leak Test . 119IP-10.10 Alternative Lea

37、k Test 119IP-10.11 Mechanical and Metallurgical Testing . 120IP-10.12 Records of Testing . 120FiguresIP-3.3.1-1 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends 82IP-3.3.3-1 Nomenclature for Miter Bends . 82IP-3.4.2-1 Branch Connection Nomenclature 85IP-3.4.3-1 Extruded Outlet Header Nomenclature . 87IP-3.6.3-1 Blanks .

38、 91IP-6.1.5-1 Moments in Bends . 100IP-6.1.5-2 Moments in Branch Connections . 101IP-9.14-1 Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads . 111TablesIP-2.2.8-1 Increased Casting Quality Factors, Ec. 77IP-2.2.8-2 Acceptance Levels for Castings . 77IP-2.2.9-1 Longitudinal Weld Joint Quality Factor, E

39、j78IP-3.2-1 Values of Coefficient Y for t D/6 . 81IP-3.5-1 ASME BPV Code Section VIII, Division 1 References for Closures . 89viIP-8.1.1-1 Component Standards . 107IP-9.6.3-1 Hardness Testing Acceptance Criteria 109IP-10.4.2-1 Required Nondestructive Examinations . 113IP-10.4.3-1 Acceptance Criteria

40、 for Weldments and Methods for Evaluating WeldImperfections 114IP-10.4.3-2 Hardness Testing Acceptance Criteria for Weldments . 115IP-10.4.3-3 Criterion Value Notes for Table IP-10.4.3-1 115PART PL PIPELINESChapter PL-1 Scope and ExclusionsPL-1.1 Scope 121PL-1.2 Content and Coverage . 121PL-1.3 Excl

41、usions . 121Chapter PL-2 Pipeline Systems Components and Fabrication DetailsPL-2.1 Purpose . 122PL-2.2 Piping System Components 122PL-2.3 Reinforcement of Fabricated Branch Connections 124PL-2.4 Multiple Openings and Extruded Outlets . 125PL-2.5 Expansion and Flexibility 126PL-2.6 Design for Longitu

42、dinal Stress . 127PL-2.7 Supports and Anchorage for Exposed Piping . 129PL-2.8 Anchorage for Buried Piping . 130Chapter PL-3 Design, Installation, and TestingPL-3.1 Provisions for Design 131PL-3.2 Buildings Intended for Human Occupancy . 131PL-3.3 Considerations Necessary for Concentrations of Peopl

43、e in LocationClass 1 or 2 . 132PL-3.4 Intent 132PL-3.5 Risk Assessment . 132PL-3.6 Location Class and Changes in Number of Buildings Intended forHuman Occupancy 133PL-3.7 Steel Pipeline 135PL-3.8 Hot Taps 141PL-3.9 Precautions to Prevent Combustion of HydrogenAir Mixtures DuringConstruction Operatio

44、ns . 141PL-3.10 Testing After Construction . 142PL-3.11 Commissioning of Facilities 143PL-3.12 Pipe-Type and Bottle-Type Holders . 143PL-3.13 Control and Limiting of Hydrogen Gas Pressure 144PL-3.14 Uprating 146PL-3.15 Valves . 147PL-3.16 Vault Provisions for Design, Construction, and Installation o

45、f PipelineComponents . 148PL-3.17 Location for Customers Meter and Regulator Installations 149PL-3.18 Hydrogen Gas Service Lines . 149PL-3.19 Inspection and Examination 150PL-3.20 Repair or Removal of Defective Welds in Piping Intended to Operate atHoop Stress Levels of 20% or More of the Specified

46、Minimum YieldStrength . 153PL-3.21 Steel Pipeline Service Conversions 153TablesPL-2.3.2-1 Reinforcement of Fabricated Branch Connections, SpecialRequirements 126PL-2.5.2-1 Thermal Expansion of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel . 127PL-2.5.5-1 Modulus of Elasticity for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel 127viiPL-3.

47、6.1-1 Location Class . 133PL-3.7.1-1 Basic Design Factor, F (Used With Option A) . 135PL-3.7.1-2 Basic Design Factor, F (Used With Option B) 135PL-3.7.1-3 Temperature Derating Factor, T, for Steel Pipe 135PL-3.7.1-4 Nominal Chemical Composition Within a Specification/Grade 137PL-3.7.1-5 Design Facto

48、rs for Steel Pipe Construction (Used With Option A) . 138PL-3.7.1-6 Design Factors for Steel Pipe Construction (Used With Option B) 138PL-3.7.5-1 Maximum Degree of Bending 140Mandatory AppendicesI Design of Aboveground Hydrogen Gas Pipeline Facilities . 155II Reference Standards . 159III Safeguardin

49、g 163IV Nomenclature 165V (In Preparation) 169VI Preparation of Technical Inquiries 170VII Gas Leakage and Control Criteria 172VIII (In Preparation) 178IX Allowable Stresses and Quality Factors for Metallic Piping, Pipeline, andBolting Materials 179Nonmandatory AppendicesA Precautionary Considerations 216B Alternative Rules for Evaluating Stress Range 226C Recommended Practices for Proof Testing of Pipelines in Place 228D Estimating Strain in Dents . 231E Sample Calculations for Branch Reinforcement in Piping 232F Welded Branch Connections and Extruded Headers in PipelineSystems