ANSI AD11684-2011 Tractors machinery for agricultural and forestry powered lawn and garden equipment - Safety signs and hazard pictorials - General principles (Incorporating Corrig.pdf

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1、 ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995 APR2011 (R2016ED) Tractors, machinery for agricultural and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of membe

2、rs worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the

3、 Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil and water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standa

4、rds, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not e

5、nsure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and regulations. Prospective users are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are desig

6、nated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval date. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an Ameri

7、can National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and m

8、aterially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revi

9、sed or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA,

10、phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995 APR2011 (R2016ED) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995 APR2011 (R2016ED) Approved May 2011; reaffirmed January 2016 as an American National Standard Tractors, machinery

11、for agricultural and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles These materials are subject to copyright claims of ISO and ASABE. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the pr

12、ior written permission of ASABE. All requests pertaining to the ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995 APR2011 (R2016ED) standard should be submitted to ASABE. History of ASAE S441, Safety Signs: Proposed by the Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute; approved by the ASAE Power and Machinery Division Standards Co

13、mmittee; adopted by ASAE December 1983; reaffirmed December 1988; revised editorially July 1989; revised June 1993, March 1995, February 1999; revised editorially January 2004; reaffirmed February 2004, February 2005, January 2010. ASAE S441 was used as the basis document for ISO 11684, Tractors, ma

14、chinery for agricultural and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles. ASAE S441.3 replaced by an adoption with deviations of ISO 11684:1995 April 2011; Adoption approved by ANSI May 2011; reaffirmed and revised editorially January 2016. Keywo

15、rds: Decals, Labels, Safety, Signs 0 Foreword 0.1 ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agricultural and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles, is an adoption with deviations of the identically titled ISO standard ISO 11684:1995,

16、 Tractors, machinery for agricultural and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles. Deviations noted in the following Foreword sections pertain to those provisions where harmonization could not be achieved between ASABE and the International S

17、tandard. Deviations from the subsequently printed international standard are noted with underscore (addition) or strikethrough (deletions) text. Deviations from the international standard figures and equations are clearly marked. 0.2 ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995 establishes general principles for the des

18、ign and application of safety signs and hazard pictorials permanently affixed to tractors, machinery for agriculture, and powered lawn and garden equipment. This standard outlines safety sign objectives, describes the basic sign formats and colours and provides guidance on developing the various pan

19、els that together constitute a safety sign. The scope is identical to the ISO standards scope except as follows: 0.2.1 Deletion of “and forestry“ and “as defined in ISO 3339-0 and ISO 5395“ from section 1 Scope. 0.3 Two Normative references are listed in ISO 11684:1995. The responsible ASABE committ

20、ee has reviewed these references and approved the following deviation: 0.3.1 Remove ISO 3339-0:1986, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry Part 0: Classification system and classification 0.4 This standard has been approved as an American National Standard by ANSI (American National St

21、andards Institute). Substantial original content of the original ISO 11684 was based on ASAE S441. ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995 APR2011 (R2016ED) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 0.5 ASABE technical deviations from ISO 11684:1995: 0.5.1 Add section 4.3: 4.3 Expected l

22、ife and maintenance 4.3.1 A safety sign is considered permanent if, when viewed at distances described in section 5.9, the sign has good color and legibility after exposure tests for weatherability at a latitude of 25 to 35 North on a surface inclined at 45 facing south for a period of at least two

23、years. 4.3.2 Instructions shall be provided in the operators manual regarding the maintenance and replacement of safety signs. 0.5.2 Add section 5.9: 5.9 Letter style and size 5.9.1 Letter Style 5.9.1.1 Signal words shall be upper case sans serif letters. 5.9.1.2 Message panel lettering shall be san

24、s serif. Letters may be in upper case only or in combinations of upper case and lower case as deemed appropriate. 5.9.1.3 The font may be one of the following or a font with similar legibility: Arial, Arial Bold, Helvetica, Helvetica Bold, Folio Medium, Franklin Gothic, Futura, News Gothic Bold, Met

25、a Bold, or Univers. 5.9.2 Letter size 5.9.2.1 Lettering shall be of a size that enables a person with normal vision, including corrected vision, to read the safety sign at a safe viewing distance from the hazard. 5.9.2.2 Safe viewing distance for the signal word shall take into consideration a reaso

26、nable hazard avoidance reaction time. 5.9.2.3 Safe viewing distance for the message panel wording may be different from the safe viewing distance for the signal word. 5.9.2.4 Signal word letter height should be at least 50% greater than the selected height of the message panel wording. 5.9.2.5 Minim

27、um word letter height shall be not less than 6 mm for a signal panel word nor less than 3 mm for a message panel word (upper case letters). 0.5.3 Add section 10.6: 10.6 Colors Specified colors for use on safety signs are to be approximately as follows: Color Reference Munsell Number Black N2.0/ or l

28、ower Orange 5.0YR6.0/15 Red 7.5R4.0/14 White N9.0/ or higher Yellow 5.0Y8.0/12 Text of ISO 11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agricultural and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles, with deviations noted, follows. ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995 A

29、PR2011 (R2016ED) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 1 Scope This International Standard establishes general principles for the design and application of safety signs and hazard pictorials permanently affixed to tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, and

30、powered lawn and garden equipment as defined in ISO 3339-O and ISO 5395. This International Standard outlines safety sign objectives, describes the basic safety sign formats and colours, and provides guidance on developing the various panels that together constitute a safety sign. 2 Normative refere

31、nces The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Sta

32、ndard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 33390:1986, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry Part 0: Classification

33、system and classification ISO 5395:1990, Power lawn-mowers, lawn tractors, lawn and garden tractors, professional mowers, and lawn and garden tractors with mowing attachments Definitions, safety requirements, and test procedures 3 Risk reduction through design 3.1 Safety should be integrated into ma

34、chine design, manufacture, operation, instruction, and supervision. Risks should be reduced or eliminated so far as possible without unreasonable impairment of product function by eliminating or reducing hazards by suitable choice of design features and construction materials; limiting exposure of p

35、ersons to hazards by reducing the need for operator intervention in hazardous areas; providing guards or other safety devices to protect persons from the hazards which cannot reasonably be eliminated or sufficiently limited by design. 3.2 Even when appropriate design features and safety devices are

36、incorporated into machinery, some residual risks may remain. Safety signs warn operators or other exposed persons about such residual risks. 4 Objectives of safety signs 4.1 The objectives of a safety sign are to Alert persons to an existing or potential hazard Identify the hazard Describe the natur

37、e of the hazard Explain the consequences of potential injury from the hazard Instruct persons about how to avoid the hazard ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995 APR2011 (R2016ED) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 4.2 In achieving these objectives, a safety sign should be disti

38、nctive on the equipment, should be in a clearly visible location, should be protected to the greatest extent practicable from damage and obliteration, and should have a reasonably long life expectancy. 4.3 Expected life and maintenance 4.3.1 A safety sign is considered permanent if, when viewed at d

39、istances described in section 5.9, the sign has good color and legibility after exposure tests for weatherability at a latitude of 25 to 35 North on a surface inclined at 45 facing south for a period of at least two years. 4.3.2 Instructions shall be provided in the operators manual regarding the ma

40、intenance and replacement of safety signs. 5 Formats for safety signs 5.1 A safety sign is composed of a border surrounding two or more rectangular panels that convey information about hazards associated with operation of a product. 5.2 There are four standard formats for safety signs: two-panel saf

41、ety sign: signal panel, message panel (see 5.4); three-panel safety sign: signal panel, pictorial panel, message panel (see 5.5); two-panel safety sign: pictorial panel, message panel (see 5.6); two-panel safety sign: two pictorial panels (see 5.7). 5.3 A vertical configuration is usually preferred,

42、 although a horizontal configuration is acceptable. Final choice of safety sign format and configuration should be determined by whichever alternative is judged to communicate most effectively, by the geographical and language areas where the product will be marketed, by legal requirements, and by t

43、he space available for the safety sign. 5.4 Two-panel safety signs: signal panel, message panel. See figure 1. The signal panel contains the safety alert symbol and one of the three signal words (CAUTION, WARNING, DANGER). The message panel contains a text message that describes the hazard, explains

44、 the consequences of exposure to the hazard, and instructs how to avoid the hazard. Figure 1 Two-panel safety signs: signal panel, message panel 5.5 Three-panel safety signs: signal panel, pictorial panel, message panel. See figure 2. The signal panel contains the safety alert symbol and one of the

45、three signal words. The pictorial panel contains a hazard description pictorial or, in some cases, a combined hazard description and hazard avoidance pictorial. The message panel contains a text message that describes the hazard, explains the consequences of exposure to the hazard, and instructs how

46、 to avoid the hazard. ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995 APR2011 (R2016ED) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5 Figure 2 Three-panel safety signs: signal panel, pictorial panel, message panel 5.6 Two-panel safety signs: pictorial panel, message panel. See figure 3. The pictoria

47、l panel contains either a hazard description pictorial enclosed by the safety alert triangle or the safety alert symbol alone. The message panel contains a text message that describes the hazard, explains the consequences of exposure to the hazard, and instructs how to avoid the hazard. Figure 3 Two

48、-panel safety signs: pictorial panel, message panel ANSI/ASABE AD11684:1995 APR2011 (R2016ED) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 6 5.7 Two-panel safety signs: two pictorial panels. See figure 4. The first pictorial panel is the hazard description pictorial panel and

49、contains either a hazard description pictorial enclosed by the safety alert triangle or the safety alert symbol alone. The second pictorial panel is the hazard avoidance pictorial panel and contains a hazard avoidance pictorial. Figure 4 Two-panel safety signs: two pictorial panels 5.8 Variations on these standard formats may be appropriate for some situations. 5.9 Letter style and size 5.9.1 Letter Style 5.9.1.1 Signal words shall be upper case sans serif letters. 5.9.1.2 Message panel lettering shall b