AASHTO T 354-2015 Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Aggregate by Volumetric Immersion Method.pdf
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1、Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Aggregate by Volumetric Immersion Method AASHTO Designation: T 354-151American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-1c T 354-1 AASHTO Standard Method
2、 of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Aggregate by Volumetric Immersion Method AASHTO Designation: T 354-1511. SCOPE 1.1. This method covers the determination of bulk and apparent specific gravity and absorption of fine and coarse aggregate at 20 1C (70 2F) for dry and saturated aggregates
3、. 1.2. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and d
4、etermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials T 2, Sampling of Aggregates T 19M/T 19, Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate T 84, Specific Gravity and Absorption
5、 of Fine Aggregate T 85, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate T 248, Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size T 255, Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1. Bulk specific gravity is the characteristic generally used for calculations o
6、f the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate including portland cement concrete (PCC), bituminous concrete, and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Bulk specific gravity is also used in the computation of voids in aggregate
7、 in T 19M/T 19. Bulk specific gravity determined on the saturated surface-dry basis is used if the aggregate is wet, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied. Conversely, the bulk specific gravity determined on the oven-dry basis is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to
8、be dry. 3.2. Apparent specific gravity pertains to the relative density of the solid material making up the constituent particles not including the pore space within the particles that is accessible to water. This value is not widely used in construction aggregate technology. 3.3. When it is deemed
9、that the aggregate has been in contact with water long enough to satisfy most of the absorption potential, the absorption values are used to represent the change in the mass of an aggregate due to water absorbed into the pore spaces within the constituent particles, compared to the dry condition. Th
10、e laboratory standard for absorption is that obtained after submerging dry 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1c T 354-2 AASHTO aggregate for approximately 15 h in water. Aggregates mined
11、 from below the water table may have a higher absorption when used, if not allowed to dry. Conversely, some aggregates when used may contain an amount of absorbed moisture less than the 15-h soaked condition. For an aggregate that has been in contact with water and that has free moisture on the part
12、icle surfaces, the percentage of free moisture can be determined by deducting the absorption from the total moisture content determined by T 255 drying. 3.4. Users of this method are encouraged to be cautious in applying the results. Values achieved for specific gravity and absorption are significan
13、tly different from those achieved from T 84 and T 85. Results from this method will affect the calculated results for volumetrics in hot mix asphalt (HMA) and absorption in PCC. The user is cautioned to thoroughly evaluate these effects before implementing this test method. A graphical method and so
14、urce/aggregate specific correlation method are shown in the Appendix that can be used to correlate results to T84 and T85. The methods discussed in Appendix X2.1 or X2.2 should be utilized when the values from this method are to be directly substituted for those from T 84 or T 85. 4. APPARATUS 4.1.
15、Flask with Plug for Coarse AggregateA glass flask with a bulb volume of 3000 to 4000 mL and a separate plug. The neck of the flask shall be marked with 5 mL graduated increments that correspond to a precision of at least 0.1 percent of the sample volume. Overall length of the flask is approximately
16、760 mm (30 in.). (See Note 1 and Figure 1.) 4.2. Flask for Fine AggregateA glass flask with a bulb volume of 2000 mL. The neck of the flask shall be marked with 1 mL graduated increments that correspond to a precision of at least 0.1 percent of the sample volume. Overall length of the flask is appro
17、ximately 760 mm (30 in.). (See Note 1 and Figure 1.) Note 1The flask to be used for fine aggregate will have a neck approximately 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter. The flask used for coarse aggregate will have a neck approximately 51 mm (2 in.) in diameter. These flasks are available from Humboldt Manufact
18、uring Company, 7300 W. Agatite Avenue, Norridge, IL 60706. Figure 1Typical Flask 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1c T 354-3 AASHTO 4.3. Scale with a capacity of at least 10 000 gThe sc
19、ale shall comply with the requirements in M 231. 4.4. Minimum 450-mm (18-in.) long rod with dry, absorbent swab. 4.5. Timer that can be read to the nearest second, and that can measure elapsed time up to 24 h. 5. CALIBRATION OF FLASK 5.1. Determine and record the empty weight of the flask, to the ne
20、arest gram. 5.2. Fill flask with distilled water at 20 1C (70.0 2F) such that the bottom of the meniscus is exactly even with the zero mark. Note 2If a flask does not have a zero mark, add water to the first major graduation (10 mL mark on a fine aggregate flask); then subtract that amount from the
21、calibrated flask volume in Equation 1. 5.3. Determine and record the weight of the filled flask to the nearest gram. 5.4. Determine the calibrated volume of the flask as follows: Vcal= B A (1) where: Vcal= calibrated volume of the flask, mL; A = weight of empty flask, g; and B = weight of flask fill
22、ed with water, g. Note 3Due to the definition of a milliliter and a gram (1 milliliter of water weighs 1 gram), these values can be interchanged without conversions. 6. SAMPLING 6.1. Sampling of aggregate shall be accomplished in accordance with T 2. 7. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN 7.1. Obtain appro
23、ximately 2 kg of fine aggregate or 3 kg of coarse aggregate using the applicable procedures described in T 248. 7.2. Dry the sample in an oven or a suitable pan or vessel to constant mass at a temperature of 110 5C (230 9F). Allow it to cool to comfortable handling temperature, without allowing it t
24、o re-absorb any water from the surrounding environment. This can be accomplished by covering the container with a plate or cover that blocks direct access of the ambient humid air to the cooling sample. 8. TEST PROCEDURE 8.1. Weigh out 1200 10 g of oven-dry fine aggregate or 2500 50 g of oven-dry co
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