AASHTO T 353-2014 Standard Method of Test for Particle Size Analysis of Hydraulic Cement and Related Materials by Light Scattering.pdf
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1、Standard Method of Test for Particle Size Analysis of Hydraulic Cement and Related Materials by Light Scattering AASHTO Designation: T 353-141American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-3a T 353-1 AASHTO Standa
2、rd Method of Test for Particle Size Analysis of Hydraulic Cement and Related Materials by Light Scattering AASHTO Designation: T 353-1411. SCOPE 1.1. This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution (PSD) of hydraulic cement and related compounds by means of the laser diff
3、raction technique, reported as volume percent of particulate materials.2This test method applies to analyses with both nonaqueous and gaseous dispersions. This test method is applicable to the measurement of particulate materials in the size range of 0.4 to 2000 m. 1.2. The values stated in SI units
4、 are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate
5、 safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. ASTM Standards: B822, Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering C115/C115M, Standard Test Method for
6、Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter C204, Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus C219, Standard Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement C430, Standard Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve E1458, Standard T
7、est Method for Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Instruments Using Photomask Reticles E1617, Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characterization Data 2.2. ISO Standards: ISO 13320:2009, Particle Size AnalysisLaser Diffraction MethodsPart 1: General Principles I
8、SO 14887:2000, Sample PreparationDispersing Procedures for Powders in Liquids 2.3. Other Documents: Ferraris, C. F., V. A. Hackley, A. I. Avils, and C. E. Buchanan, Jr. Analysis of the ASTM Round-Robin Test on Particle Size Distribution of Portland Cement: Phase I. NISTIR 6883. National Institute of
9、 Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, May 2002. (http:/fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build02/PDF/b02015.pdf). 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 353-2 AASHTO Ferraris, C. F., V. A. H
10、ackley, A. I. Avils, and C. E. Buchanan, Jr. Analysis of the ASTM Round-Robin Test on Particle Size Distribution of Portland Cement: Phase II. NISTIR 6931. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, December 2002. (http:/fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build02/PDF/b02084.pdf) Ferraris,
11、 C. F., V. A. Hackley, and A. I. Avils. “Measurement of Particle Size Distribution in Portland Cement Powder: Analysis of ASTM Round Robin Studies,” Cement, Concrete and Aggregates Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2004, pp. 7181. (http:/www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY
12、/JOURNALS/CEMENT/PAGES/CCA11920.htm) Ferraris, C. F., W. Guthrie, A. I. Avils, M. Peltz, R. Haupt, and B. S. MacDonald. Certification of SRM 114q: Phase II (Particle Size Distribution). NIST SP 260-166. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, November 2006. (http:/www.nist.
13、gov/srm/upload/SP260-166.pdf) 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. For general terms or for definitions related to cement, refer to ASTM C219. 3.2. Definitions for Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1. laser diffractiona method for determining the particle size distribution based on the detection and analysis of t
14、he angular distribution of scattered light, produced by a laser, passing through a dilute dispersion of particles. 3.2.2. backgroundextraneous scattering of light by elements other than the particles to be measured; includes scattering by contamination in the measurement path. 3.2.3. Fraunhofer diff
15、ractionthe optical theory that describes the low-angle scattering of light by particles that are large compared with the wavelength of the incident light. 3.2.4. Mie theorythe electromagnetic theory that describes the scattering of light by spherical particles. 3.2.5. multiple scatteringthe rescatte
16、ring of light by a particle in the path of light scattered by another particle; typically occurs in dispersions with high particle concentrations. 3.2.6. wet methodthe particles are dispersed in isopropyl alcohol, then recirculated through the path of the light beam. 3.2.7. dry methodthe particles a
17、re dispersed in air, and then passed through the path of the light beam. 3.2.8. d10, d50, and d90particle size values corresponding to a cumulative distribution at 10, 50, and 90 percent, respectively. 3.2.9. spanthe width of the differential particle size distribution, calculated using the followin
18、g formula: ( )90 1050spanddd= (1) 4. SUMMARY OF METHOD 4.1. The method consists in dispersing the cement particles in a medium (wet or dry) and passing through a laser beam. The wet method involves a sample of cement powder dispersed in isopropyl 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and
19、 Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a T 353-3 AASHTO alcohol (IPA) and recirculated through the path of the light beam. A dry sample can be pushed under air pressure or pulled under vacuum so that it flows through the light beam. Photodetec
20、tor arrays collect the light scattered by the particles, which is then converted to electrical signals and analyzed by a computer to calculate the particle size distribution (PSD) using an optical model based on Fraunhofer diffraction or Mie scattering. Calculated particle sizes are therefore presen
21、ted as equivalent spherical diameters. Additional information pertaining to the general principles of PSD analysis by light scattering can be found in ISO Standard 13320 or in the publications by Ferraris et al. (See Section 2.3.) 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1. Accurate measurement of the PSD of cemen
22、t powder is a beneficial tool for process monitoring in the cement industry. In addition, the PSD is a key factor in ongoing computational efforts to simulate microstructure development and predict the performance of cement-based materials. 5.2. The laser diffraction method is capable of measuring p
23、owders with a size distribution ranging from 0.4 to 2000 m, covering the full size range in hydraulic cement. The limitation of this test method is that it is not a direct measurement of particle size. To calculate the PSD, some assumptions must be made: (1) the particles are spherical, and (2) the
24、refractive indices of the particles and of the medium are known (needed for the Mie model only). Also, to correctly measure the particles, the powder must be dispersed so that individual particles, and not agglomerates of particles, will scatter light independently. 5.2.1. It is important to recogni
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