BS PD ISO TS 16996-2015 Solid biofuels Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence《固体生物燃料 采用X射线荧光测定元素组成》.pdf
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1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TS 16996:2015 Solid biofuels Determination of elemental composition by X- ray fluorescencePD ISO/TS 16996:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 16996:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entr
2、usted to Technical Committee PTI/17, Solid biofuels. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The Brit
3、ish Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 81943 8 ICS 27.190; 75.160.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Commit
4、tee on 31 December 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TS 16996:2015 ISO 2015 Solid biofuels Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluor esc enc e Biocarburants solides Dtermination de la composition lmentaire par fluorescence de rayons X TECHNICAL SPECIFICAT
5、ION ISO/TS 16996 Reference number ISO/TS 16996:2015(E) First edition 2015-12-01PD ISO/TS 16996:2015ISO/TS 16996:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be r
6、eproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the reque
7、ster. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgPD ISO/TS 16996:2015ISO/TS 16996:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Saf
8、ety remarks 2 5 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3 5.1 Symbols . 3 5.2 Abbreviated terms . 3 6 Principle 3 7 Apparatus . 4 8 Interferences and sources of error 4 9 Sample preparation . 5 9.1 Preparation principles 5 9.2 Drying of general analysis sample material . 5 9.3 Preparation of pressed pellet
9、. 5 10 Procedure. 5 10.1 Analytical measurement conditions . 5 10.1.1 Wavelength dispersive instruments . 5 10.1.2 Energy dispersive instruments . 6 10.2 Calibration 7 10.2.1 General 7 10.2.2 General calibration procedure . 8 10.2.3 Calibration procedure using the pressed pellet method (recommended
10、method) 8 10.3 Procedures for correcting matrix effect 9 10.3.1 Internal standard correction using Compton (incoherent) scattering method 9 10.3.2 Fundamental parameter approach 9 10.3.3 Fundamental or theoretical influence coefficient method 9 10.3.4 Empirical alpha correction .10 10.4 Analysis of
11、the samples .11 11 Quality control .11 11.1 Drift correction procedure .11 11.2 Reference materials .11 12 Calculation of the result .11 13 Performance characteristics .12 14 Test report 12 Annex A (informative) Publicly available biomass reference materials 13 Bibliography .14 ISO 2015 All rights r
12、eserved iii Contents PagePD ISO/TS 16996:2015ISO/TS 16996:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
13、committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with
14、the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed fo
15、r the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent right
16、s. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this
17、 document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to
18、 Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 16996:2015ISO/TS 16996:2015(E) Introduction X-ray fluorescence spectrometry can be used as a fast method for a
19、qualitative overview of ash forming elements and impurities. When calibration is based on biomass reference materials, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry can be used for a quantitative analysis of the total content of the specified elements within different solid biofuels. The quality of the results ob
20、tained depends very closely on the type of instrument used, e.g. bench top or high performance, energy dispersive or wavelength dispersive instruments. When selecting a specific instrument, several factors have to be considered, such as the matrices to be analysed, elements to be determined, detecti
21、on limits required and the measuring time. Due to the wide range of matrix compositions and the lack of suitable reference materials in the case of some biomass like olive residues, it is generally difficult to set up a calibration with matrix-matched reference materials. Therefore, this Technical S
22、pecification describes two different procedures. Quantitative analytical procedure for major elements of biomass. The calibration is based on different biomass reference materials. The elements described as major elements of solid biofuels are in fact major elements of the fuel ashes more than of th
23、e fuels. The determination of these elements may be helpful to predict the melting behaviour and slagging of the ashes. Moreover, contamination of fuel with sand or soil is indicated by high values of several elements. Total element characterization at a semi-quantitative level for major elements of
24、 biomass. The calibration is based on matrix-independent calibration curves, previously set up by the manufacturer. In general, the sensitivity of X-ray fluorescence is not sufficient for a determination of the content of minor elements (trace metals) in solid biofuels. However, determination may be
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