22A-1962 - IEEE Guide for the Application of Interrupter Switches to Switch Capacitance Loads.pdf

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1、 IEEE Std 22A-1962 (Reaffirmed 1977) IEEE Guide for the Application of Interrupter Switches To Switch Capacitance Loads Reaffirmed December 15,1977 IEEE Standards Board Copyright 1962 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc No part of this publication may be reproduced in any f

2、orm, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Foreword (This Foreword is nol a part of IEEE Std 22A-1962, IEEE Guide for the Application of Interrupter Switches to Switch Capacitance Loads.) The Institute wishes to acknowledge its indebte

3、dness to those who have so freely given of their time and knowledge, and have conducted experimental work on which many of the IEEE publica tions are based. The work of preparing this material was carried out by members of the Capacitor Switching Work ing Group of the Subcommittee on Switches, Fuses

4、 and Insulators of the IEEE Switchgear Commit tee. The members of the working group were: C. H. Baker, Chairman A. L. Bohlinger S. D. Moorer T. E. Curtis J. C. Parker G. E. Hertig E. R. Perry C. W. Upton Contents Service Conditions 4 Definitions 5 Tests 6 Nameplate Markings 8 Guide for the Applicati

5、on of Interrupter Switches to Switch Capacitance Loads 9 Addendum: Explanation of Test Section of Standard No 22 12 IEEE Guide for the Application of Interrupter Switches To Switch Capacitance Loads SERVICE CONDITIONS 22-1 Usual Temperature and Altitude Service Condi tionsEquipment conforming to thi

6、s Standard shall be suitable for operation at its standard rating, provided that: (a) The temperature of the cooling air (am bient temperature) does not exceed 40C if the equipment has copper-to-copper contacts or equivalent. (b) The temperature of the cooling air (am bient temperature) does not exc

7、eed 55C if the equipment has all contacts silver surfaced or equivalent, and in addition has all conducting joints, including terminal connections, either (1) Separately held mechanically, and either soldered or silver surfaced, or (2) Brazed, welded or silver soldered and provided that such operati

8、on does not result in temperatures in excess of 90C for class O, 105C for class A or 130C for class insula tions. (c) The altitude does not exceed 3300 feet (1000 meters). 22-2 Unusual Temperature and Altitude Service ConditionsThe application of equipment at higher ambient temperatures or at higher

9、 alti tudes than specified in Usual Service Conditions shall be considered as special. Standard equipment may be applied at higher ambient temperatures or at higher altitudes than specified, but its performance may be affected and special consideration should be given to these applications. 22-3 Oth

10、er Conditions Which May Affect Design and ApplicationWhere other unusual conditions exist they should be brought to the attention of those responsible for the design and appli cation of the equipment. Examples of such conditions are: (a) Damaging fumes or vapors, excessive or abrasive dust, explosiv

11、e mixtures or dust or gases, steam, salt spray, excessive moisture or dripping water, etc. (c) Abnormal vibration, shocks, or tilting. (c) Excessively high or low temperatures. (d) Unusual transportation or storage con ditions. 22-4 (e) Unusual space limitations. (f) Unusual operating duty, frequenc

12、y of operation, difficulty of maintenance, poor wave form, unbalanced voltage, special insulation re quirements, etc. (g) A parallel-connected capacitance greater than the switched capacitance ivhcn using an interrupt ing switch having a rated sivitching current for parallel-connected capacitance. h

13、) A condition of resonance zvhen switching a capacitance. Applications at Altitudes Greater Than 3300 Feet (1000 Meters)Equipment that depends on air for its insulating and cooling medium will have a higher temperature rise and a lower withstand voltage when operated at altitudes above 3300 feet. Wi

14、thstand voltage and current ratings should be multiplied by factors shown in Table I col umns a and b. Equipment designed for standard tempera ture rise may be used at its normal current rating without exceeding ultimate standard tem perature limits provided that the ambient tem perature does not ex

15、ceed the ambient allowed in paragraph 22-1 multiplied by the factor shown in Table I column c. TABLE I ALTITUDE CORRECTION AUitude Altitude Correction Factor to be Applied To a b c Withstand Current Ambient Feet Meters Voltage Rating Temperatur 3300 1000 1.00 1.00 1.00 4000 1200 0.98 0.995 0.992 500

16、0 1500 0.95 0.99 0.980 6000 1800 0.92 0.985 0.968 7000 2100 0.89 0.98 0.956 8000 2400 0.86 0.97 0.944 9000 2700 0.83 0.965 0.932 10000 3000 0.80 0.96 0.920 12000 3600 0.75 0.95 0.896 14000 4200 0.70 0.935 0.872 16000 4800 0.65 0.925 0.848 18000 5400 0.61 0.91 0.824 20000 6000 0.56 0.90 0.800 IEEE St

17、d 22A-1962 If the derating as determined from the table is seri ous, equipment of a suitably higher rating should be chosen to meet requirements after derating factors have been applied. The correction factors in Table I columns b and c are not to be applied at the same time. DEFINITIONS Miscellaneo

18、us Terms 22-70 Ambient TemperatureAmbient temperature is the temperature of the surrounding cooling me dium, such as gas or liquid, which comes into contact with the heated parts of the apparatus. (2S.05.086 modified) 22-New 1 Restrike: A restrike on a circuit-opening operation is a resumption of cu

19、rrent between the interrupter sivitch contacts after an interval of zero current of 4 cycle of fundamental frequency or longer, follovng a fundamental-frequency current zero. 22-New 2 Reignition: A reignition on a circuit-opening operation is a resumption of current between the interrupter switch co

20、ntacts after an interval of zero current of less than % cycle of fundamental fre quency, following a fundamental-frequency current zero. 22-New 3 Transient Overvoltage Ratio: Transient overvoltage ratio is the ratio of the peak value of voltage above ground during the transient condi tions resulting

21、 from the operation of the switch measured at the source side terminals of the switch to the peak value of the steady-state line-to-neutral voltage at the switch with the capacitor connected. 22-New 4 Single Capacitance: A capacitance is con sidered to be a single capacitance ivhen the induc tance b

22、etween it and any other connected capac itance is greater than: 1000 microhenries in circuits 15.5 kilovolts or less 2000 microhenries in circuits above 15.5 kilovolts but not above 38 kilovolts 3000 microhenries in circuits above 38 kilovolts 22-New 5 Parallel-Connected Capacitance: Capaci tances a

23、re considered to be parallel connected for purpose of svtntching zfhen the inductance between their terminals is equal to or less than: 1000 microhenries in circuits 15.5 kilovolts or less 2000 microhenries in circuits above 15.5 kilovolts but not above 38 kilovolts 3000 microhenries in circuits abo

24、ve 38 kilovolts 22-New 6 Differential Capacitance Switching Volt age: Differential capacitance switching voltage is the difference in magnitude between the crests of the system normal-frequency voltage ivith and without the capacitance connected. This voltage ivith its natural-frequency component is

25、 imposed across the interrupter contacts immediately follow ing the interruption or attempted interruption of the flow of capacitance current. Rating 22-200 RatingA rating of a device is a designated limit of operating characteristics based on defi nite conditions. (05.50.040) Ratings of equipment c

26、overed by this Standard shall include the items indicated in the following table: TABLE II Air Switch Air Interrupter Stvitch Insulator Unit and Bus Support High-Speed Grounding Switch Rated Voltage X X X X Maximum Design Voltage X X X X Rated Frequency X X X X Rated Continuous Current X X Rated Sho

27、rt-Time Current X X Rated Interrupting Currents X Rated Switching Current for Single Capacitance X Rated Switching Current for Parallel-Connected Capacitance X Operating Life Expectancy X X Rated Cantilever Strength X Rated Withstand Voltage X X X X Rated Temperature Rise X X Rated Transient Overvol

28、tage Ratio X Rated Differential Capacitance Sivitching VoltageMaximum, X Rated Differential Capacitance Switching VoltageMinimum X Rated Making Current X IEEE Std 22A-1962 IEEE GUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF INTERRUPTER 22-206 Load Current Interrupting Rating*The load current interrupting rating of an

29、 interrupter switch is the highest rnis current between unity and 80 percent power factor lagging which the device shall be required to interrupt at its maxi mum design voltage and its rated frequency, for a number of operations equal to the operat ing lite expectancy of the switch without requir in

30、g maintenance. Applications at power factors less than 80 percent lagging shall be considered unusual service conditions. The load current in terrupting rating shall not exceed the continu ous current rating of the interrupter switch. 22-207 Rated Switching Current for Single Capaci tance: The rated

31、 switching current for single ca pacitance of an interrupter switch is the highest root-mean-square 60-cycle-per-second current which it shall be required to make and interrupt a number of times equal to its operating life e.rpectancy at less than 5 percent leading power factor, ma.rimum design volt

32、age and rated frequency. 22-New 7 Rated Switching Current for Parallel-Con nected Capacitance: The rated sziitching current for parallel-connected capacitance of an interrupter switch is the highest root-mean-square 60-cycle-pcr-second current which it shall be required to make and interrupt a numbe

33、r of times equal to its operating life e.rpectancy at less than 5 percent leading power factor, ma.rimum design voltage and rated frequency, ivith an unswitched parallel-con nected capacitance equal to the switched capaci tance. 22-New 8 Rated Transient Overvoltage Ratio: The rated transient overvol

34、tage ratio is the largest ratio of the peak value of voltage above ground during the transient conditions resulting from the opera-ation of the switch measured at the source side terminals of the sivitch to the peak value of the steady-state line-to-neutral voltage at the siiitch with the capacitor

35、connected. 22-New 9 Rated Differential Capacitance Voltage, Maximum: The rated differential capacitance volt age ma.i-iniiim is the greatest value of differential capacitance voltage which may be impressed on the contacts of the interrupter unit at which the interrupter switch shall be required to m

36、ake and *Mote: disLoniiectiiiK switcli and a horn-gap switch have no interrupting rating. However, it is rec ognized that they may be required to interrupt the charging current of adjacent bus supports and circuit breaker bushings. Under certain conditions they may interrupt other relatively low cur

37、rents, such as: (1) Transformer magnetizing currents (2) Charging currents of lines, depending on length, voltage, insulation, and other local conditions (3) Small load currents. interrupt all values of capacitance current up to its rated sutching current. 22-New 10 Rated Differential Capacitance Vo

38、ltage, Minimum: The rated differential capacitance volt age minimum is the least Ialue of differential ca pacitance voltage which may be impressed on the contacts of the interrupter unit at which the in terrupter switch shall he required to make and in terrupt all values of capacitance current up to

39、 its rated switching current. 22-208 Magnetizing Current Interrupting Rating* The magnetizing current interrupting rating of an interrupter switch is the highest rms current between zero and 0.1 power factor lagging which the device shall be required to interrupt at its maximum design voltage and at

40、 rated frequency for a number of operations equal to the operating life expectancy of the switch without requiring maintenance. TESTS Interrupting Tests On Air Interrupter Switches (See paragraphs 22-206 through 22-209) Note: This -wilt include new definitions for capacitor switching. 22-400 Definit

41、ionInterrupting tests are tests which are made to determine or check the interrupting ratings of an air interrupter switch. 22-401 Load Current TestsInterrupting tests shall be conducted inaccordance with the following: (a) Interrupting tests shall be made with a normal-frequency recovery voltage eq

42、ual to the maximum design voltage rating of the switch. A single pole of a three-pole group-operated switch may be tested with a normal-frequency recovery voltage equal to 87 percent of the max imum design voltage rating. (b) Interrupting tests shall be made on a CO (close-open) duty cycle, allowing

43、 the switch to cool between tests where required for proper performance. (c) The power factor of the load circuit which is interrupted by the switch under test shall not be higher than 80 percent lagging. The load circuit shall be composed of resistance and reac tance connected in parallel or the eq

44、uivalent. (d) The current interrupted and the recovery voltage shall be determined in accordance with Appendix A of this Standard. (AIEE No. 22-1960Edit.) 22-403 Magnetizing Current TestsFor the purpose of testing the transformer magnetizing current interrupting ability of an interrupter switch, tes

45、ts shall be conducted in accordance with paragraph 22-401, except that the load circuit shall consist of an actual or simulated transformer. SWITCHES TO SWITCH CAPACITANCE LOADS IEEE Std 22A-1962 22-404 Capacitive Current Switching TestsGener al: Capacitive current switching tests shall be con ducte

46、d in accordance with the following to de termine or check the capacitance switching ratings of an air interrupter switch: (a) three-pole switches or single-pole switches group operated. Tests shall be made on a single pole of the interrupter switch and the voltage of the test circuit at the capacita

47、nce shall be: (jf) 1.2 times maximum design voltage of the switch; except (2) for those switches designated to switch only a grounded capacitor bank supplied by an effectively grounded source, the lest voltage may be 0.58 times nmximum de sign voltage of the switch. (b) Single-pole switches not grou

48、p operated. Tests sitall be made at ma.vimum design voltage of the smtch. (c) The differential capacitance voltage for the test circuit shall be not greater than the rated differential capacitance voltage, minimum. The switch shall be capable of performing in cir cuits having any greater value of di

49、fferential capacitance voltage up to the rated differential capacitance voltage, maximum. (d) Switching tests shall be nuide on CO (close-open) duty cycle. (e) The power factor of the load circuit shall be not greater than 5 percent leading. (/) The transient overvoltage ratio shall be de termined from voltage measurements made across the source terminals of the test circuit during the test operation. (g) The current interrupted shall be determined in accordance with Appendix A of this Standard AIEE No. 22-1960Edit.). Same as A