职称英语综合类A级-48及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语综合类 A 级-48 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Ants always Uput/U food away in autumn. A. store B. steal C. eat D. carry（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.I Urecommend/U you buy a computer. A. force B. advise C. ask D. require（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.You should soon Uregain/U your appetite.

2、A. keep B. lose C. recover D. get（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Helen will leave Uimmediately/U. A. far away B. right away C. right here D. soon（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.We Uresolved/U the problem after group discussion. A. caused B. met C. solved D. posed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The government is Udebating/U the education

3、laws. A. discussing B. defeating C. delaying D. declining（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.They had a far better Uyield/U than any other farm miles away around this year. A. goods B. soil C. climate D. harvest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The city has decided to Udo away with/U all the old buildings in its center. A. get rid

4、 of B. set up C. repair D. paint（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.During the past ten years there have been Udramatic/U changes in the international situation. A. permanent B. powerful C. striking D. practical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.For young children, getting dressed is a Ucomplicated/U business. A. personal B. stran

5、ge C. funny D. complex（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.I have been trying to Uquit/U smoking. A. give up B. pick up C. build up D. take up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Relief workers were Ushocked/U by what they saw. A. moved B. touched C. surprised D. worried（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The weather is a constant Usubject/U of con

6、versation in Britain. A. question B. problem C. title D. topic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.This is not Utypical/U of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language. A. particular B. characteristic C. remarkable D. idiomatic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.It is Uvirtually/U impossible to persuade him to apply for the

7、job. A. simply B. almost C. totally D. completely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The National TrustThe National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the T

8、rust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members

9、 of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth- century hou

10、se to the Trust together with the 4,500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trusts “Country House Scheme“. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public

11、about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.In addition to country houses and open spaces, the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature rese

12、rves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original six

13、teenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.So it is that

14、 over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who e

15、ach year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.（分数：7.00）(1).The National Trust is financed by both personal donations and government allocations. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).British peoples dependence on the National Trust to protect places of

16、great natural beauty and places of historical interest has been increasing. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Lord Lothian was one of the founders of the National Trust. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The Trusts “Country House Scheme“ provides an easy acc

17、ess for the public to 150 old houses or so. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A project which is to fortify a 16th century old house but keep its original style will not be approved by the National Trust. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The public may ente

18、r in a wood under the protection of the National Trust without paying any money, but they are not allowed to bring in canned food and beverage. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).The National Trust helps promote tourism in Britain. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C

19、.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)English and English Community1. There is no doubt that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.2. A speech community is similar to other kinds of

20、communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊), a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A spe

21、ech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3. We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience (方便), we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their

22、native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.4. Learning a second language extends ones vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional (虚构的) lives of p

23、eople and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.A. Threat Posed by Eng

24、lishB. Definition of a Speech CommunityC. Benefits of Learning a Second LanguageD. Advantages of Learning ChineseE. Two Groups of the English Speech CommunityF. A Widely Used Language（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Parag

25、raph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of _. A. a second language B. the same language C. the same speech community D. any other language E. national boundaries F. a part of ones heritage（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The boundaries of a speech community may be different fr

26、om _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).People who live in different places may belong to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Many people learn English as _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Pool WatchSwimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in t

27、rouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm whe

28、n it sees someone in danger of drowning.When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguards pager. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a s

29、pokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies.Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast

30、 onto the bottom or side of the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around,“ says McQuade.The software does this by “projecting“ a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from

31、another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in t

32、he water who starts to descend slowly is added to the softwares “pre-alert“ list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are Uconsidered/U in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whet

33、her it obscures the pools floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmers location on a poolside screen.The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the

34、 idea is Trevor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools, and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives,“ he says. But he adds that any local authority spending 30,000-plus on a

35、Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.（分数：15.00）(1).AI means the same as _. A. an image B. an idea C. anyone in the water D. artificial intelligence（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is required of AI software to save a life? A. It must be able to swim. B. It must

36、 keep walking round the pool. C. It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow. D. It can save a life within a few months.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How does Poseidon save a life? A. He plunges into the pool. B. It alerts the lifeguard. C. He cries for help. D. It rushes to the pool.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(

37、4).Which of the following statements about Trevor Baylis is NOT true? A. He runs. B. He invented the clockwork radio. C. He was once an entertainer. D. He runs a company.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “considered“ in Paragraph 5 could be best replaced by _. A. thought B. rated C. regarded D. believed

38、（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist AttackIn the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable: Can building be designed

39、to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a

40、project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and searching for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged, but still are standin

41、g.“Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage,“ said M. Bruneau, Ph. D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings re

42、main standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,“ he added.Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the m

43、onumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that buil

44、ding,“ explained A. Whittaker, Ph. D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor.“The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing systems in one of the adjacent buildings was quite ru

45、gged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. “Highly redundant ductile framing systems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance,“ he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-b

46、earing column fails. “We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,“ said A. Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.“A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It

47、 induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to dev

48、elop new ones where none exist at present.“（分数：15.00）(1).The question raised in the first paragraph is one _. A. that was asked by structural engineers a month ago B. that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even now C. that was never thought of before the terrorist attack D. that terrorists are eag