2018年6月大学英语六级真题（第二套）及答案解析.doc

《2018年6月大学英语六级真题（第二套）及答案解析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2018年6月大学英语六级真题（第二套）及答案解析.doc（48页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、2018年 6月大学英语六级真题（第二套）及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：150 分钟)Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more

2、 than 200 words.（分数：106.50）_Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Section A(总题数：2，分数：56.80)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4）(1).（分数：7.1）A.She advocates animal protection.B.She sells a special kind of coffee.C.She is going to start a cafe chain.D.She is the owner

3、 of a special cafe.(2).（分数：7.1）A.They bear a lot of similarities.B.They are a profitable business sector.C.They cater to different customers.D.They help take care of customers pets(3).（分数：7.1）A.By giving them regular cleaning and injections.B.By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful.C.By placi

4、ng them at a safe distance from customers.D.By briefing customers on how to get along with them(4).（分数：7.1）A.They want to learn about rabbits.B.They like to bring in their children.C.They love the animals in her cafe.D.They give her cafe favorite reviews.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversatio

5、n you have just heard.（分数：28.4）(1).（分数：7.1）A.It contains too many additives.B.It lacks the essential vitamins.C.It can cause obesity.D.It is mostly garbage(2).（分数：7.1）A.Its fancy design.B.TV commercials.C.Its taste and texture.D.Peer influence.(3).（分数：7.1）A.Investing heavily in the production of swe

6、et foods.B.Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.C.Trying to trick children into buying their products.D.Offering children more varieties to choose from(4).（分数：7.1）A.They hardly ate vegetables.B.They seldom had junk food.C.They favored chocolate-coated sweets.D.They liked the food adver

7、tised on TVSection B(总题数：2，分数：49.70)Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.3）(1).（分数：7.1）A.Stretches of farmland.B.Typical Egyptian animal farms.C.Tombs of ancient rulers.D.Ruins left by devastating floods(2).（分数：7.1）A.It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.B.I

8、t is hardly associated with great civilizations.C.It has not yet been fully explored and exploited.D.It gathers water from many tropical rain forests.(3).（分数：7.1）A.It carries about one fifth of the world s fresh water.B.It has numerous human settlements along its banks.C.It is second only to the Mis

9、sissippi River in width.D.It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combinedQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard（分数：28.4）(1).（分数：7.1）A.Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.B.We are always in a rush to do various things.C.The search for tranquility has become a t

10、rend.D.All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.(2).（分数：7.1）A.She had trouble balancing family and work.B.She enjoyed the various social events.C.She was accustomed to tight schedules.D.She spent all her leisure time writing books.(3).（分数：7.1）A.The possibility of ruining her family.B.Becomi

11、ng aware of her declining health.C.The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.D.Reading a book about slowing down(4).（分数：7.1）A.She started to follow the cultural norms.B.She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.C.She learned to use more polite expressions.D.She stopped using to-do lists and calendarsSe

12、ction C(总题数：3，分数：142.00)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：42.6）(1).（分数：14.2）A.They will root out native species altogether.B.They contribute to a regions biodiversity.C.They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.D.They will crossbreed with native species.(2).（分数：14

13、.2）A.Their classifications are meaningful.B.Their interactions are hard to define.C.Their definitions are changeable.D.Their distinctions are artificial(3).（分数：14.2）A.Only a few of them cause problems to native species.B.They may turn out to benefit the local environmentC.Few of them can survive in

14、their new habitats.D.Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：42.6）(1).（分数：14.2）A.Respect their traditional culture.B.Attend their business seminars.C.Research their specific demands.D.Adopt the right business strategies.(2).（分数

15、：14.2）A.Showing them your palm.B.Giving them gifts of great value.C.Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.D.Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.(3).（分数：14.2）A.They are very easy to satisfy.B.They have a strong sense of worth.C.They tend to be friendly and enthusiastic.D.They have a

16、break from 2:00 to 5 :30 p. m.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：56.8）(1).（分数：14.2）A.He completely changed the company s culture.B.He collected paintings by world-famous artists.C.He took over the sales department of Readers Digest.D.He had the companys boardroom e

17、xtensively renovated(2).（分数：14.2）A.It should be sold at a reasonable price.B.Its articles should be short and inspiring.C.It should be published in the worldD.Its articles should entertain blue- and pink-collar workers.(3).（分数：14.2）A.He knew how to make the magazine profitable.B.He served as a churc

18、h minister for many years.C.He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.D.He treated the employees like members of his family.(4).（分数：14.2）A.It carried many more advertisements.B.George Grune joined it as an ad salesman.C.Several hundred of its employees got fired.D.Its subscriptions incre

19、ased considerably.Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Did Sarah Josepha Hale write “Mary s Little Lamb“ , the eternal nursery rhyme (儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it s clear that the woman【C1】_for writing it was one of America s m

20、ost fascinating【C2】_. In honor of the poem s publication on May 24, 1830, here s more about the【C3】_author s life.Hale wasn t just a writer, she was also a【C4】_social advocate, and she was particularly【C5】_with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she clai

21、med had “a deep moral influence“. She began a nationwide【C6】_to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the【C7】_festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil

22、War, issued a【C8】_setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship of “Mary s Little Lamb“ is disputed. According to the New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was【C9】_b

23、y a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale

24、 claimed for the【C10】_of her life that “ some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem“.A) campaign B) career C) characters D) features E) fierce F) inspired G) latter H) obsessedI) proclamationJ) rectifiedK) reputedL) restM) supposedN) traditionalO) versatile （分数：35.50）(1).（分数：3.55）A

25、.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(2).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(3).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(4).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(5).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(6).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(7).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(8).（分数：3.55）

26、A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(9).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(10).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Grow Plants Without WaterA Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we ve faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goes

27、 without much warning, and a field of lush (茂盛的) leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has

28、consequences: South Africa s ongoing droughtthe worst in three decadeswill cost at least a quarter of its corn crop this year.B Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable

29、rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As the earth s climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places, those answers will grow even more valuable. “ The type of farming I

30、 m aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it s going to get more and more dry,“ Farrant says.C Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts of South Africa, steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth. Th

31、e hills are remnants of an earlier geological era, scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions.D Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物). During

32、 months without water under a harsh sun, they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant s death in reverse.E The big diff

33、erence between “drought-tolerant“ plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these plants

34、 use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term “drought tolerant“ to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant prefers

35、 to call them drought resistant.F Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have inst

36、ead developed the ability to change their metabolism. When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then

37、rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is “the most stable state that the plant can maintain“ , Farrant says. That slows the plant s metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water migh

38、t evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.G What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seedsalmost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied “recalcitrant seeds (顽拗性种子)“, such as avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seed

39、s are delicatethey cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you ve ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions

40、are right and they sprout (发芽). Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.H After completing her Ph. D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible to isolate the properties that make

41、most seeds so resilient (迅速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while s

42、till attached to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plantsand how to reproduce them in crops. “ Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes,“ Farrant says. “ We re looking at gene promoter

43、s and what would be their master switch. “I Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they will have to find the best way to do so in useful crops. “Im trying three methods of breeding,“ Farrant says: conventional, genetic modification and gene editing

44、. She says she is aware that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever version prevails: “Im giving people an option. “J Farrant and others

45、 in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to tes

46、t their ideas for related species. The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome (基因图谱) published last year by a Chinese team. Also last year, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa,

47、a tough-as-nail South African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideasso far mostly done in the labon test plots.K Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do

48、 not use dryness defenses already. For instance, there s a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism. It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant s safety. “ The yield is never going to be h

49、igh,“ Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa. “My vision is for the subsistence farmer,“ Farrant says. “Im targeting crops that are of African value. “（分数：71.0）(1).There are a couple of plants tough