【考研类试卷】西医综合-外科学-17及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-外科学-17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The “standard of living“ of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces. A countrys standard of living, (1) , depends first and (2) on its capacity to produce wealth.“ Weal

2、th“ in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money (3) on things that money can buy. “Goods“ such as food and clothing, and “services“ such as transport and “ (4) “. A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of (5) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends (6

3、) a great extent upon a countrys natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a (7) climate; other regions possess none of them.Next to natural resources (8) the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well (9) as the USA

4、 in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and (10) wars, and (11) this and other reasons was (12) to develop her resources. (13) and stable political conditions, and (14) from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to prod

5、uce more wealth than another country equally well (15) by nature but less well ordered.A countrys standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed (16) its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. (17) , Britains wealth

6、in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on (18) grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would (19) be lacking. A countrys wealth is, therefore, much influenced

7、by its manufacturing capacity, (20) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.（分数：10.00）(1).A however B therefore C nevertheless D furthermore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A primary B principal C foremost D uniquely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A or B nor C but D except（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A

8、recreation B enlightenment C refreshment D entertainment（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A it B them C which D that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A with B for C to D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A neutral B favorable C virtuous D marine（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A comes B come C coming D came（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A off B known C done

9、 D furnished（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A military B external C conremporary D domestic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A for B because C because of D due to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A impossible B incapable C unable D proficient（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A Strong B Sturdy C Sound D Robust（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A liberty B fr

10、eedom C prevention D liberation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A assisted B avenged C rescued D served（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A with B within C near D around（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A In short B For example C First of all D On one hand（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A those B what C that D it（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A likely B

11、 likewise C certainly D otherwise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A provided B depended C given D supposed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)I dont know if theres something in the water, but my town has exploded with tons of single people! Just la

12、st year, practically the only eligibles I knew were my divorced friend Patti, my bud Fulgencio, hubby Ricks barfly pat Craig, and Jimmy the pizza delivery guy. But now, I find-out that my cousin Michelle is leaving her second husband, and a recent chit-chat with my buildings manager Sandy revealed t

13、hat she hasnt had a serious relationship in almost five years! Besides that, at least five suspected singletons have moved into my building since June. Five!For an incurable romantic like me, this is heartbreaking. People are meant to have sweeties! I feel so sorry for single people. How can they be

14、ar going through life alone? I know a lot of them put up. that “independent“ front, or use that “Im just waiting for the right person“ defense, but theyre kidding themselves. Why would anyone turn up her nose at the prospect of a beautiful wedding, a gorgeous bridal gown, and a stunning rock on her

15、finger? She wouldnt. Why would anyone shake a stick at a warm dinner every night, a comfortable home, and a beautiful bride? It just isnt rational. And I dont like to be harsh, but frankly, its depressing to see singles out in public. When I see a girl shopping for groceries by herself, or a solitar

16、y guy reading while he waits for a bus, I cant help but sense the hollowness that single person feels inside. Im partially psychic, so Im aware of other peoples inner feelings.Well, this Valentines Day, Im not going to be selfish. People like me, people in successful, lasting relationships, are duty

17、-bound to share their romantic wisdom with the less fortunate. Granted, its been a while since Ive been on the dating Scene, so my chops are a bit rusty. In fact, hubby Rick is just about the only guy Ive ever dated (Unless you count my pick for the Sadie Hawkins dance in seventh grade, Jordy DeVoe,

18、 who ditched me after about 15 minutes. Or this Oriental kid named Thant who wrapped love notes around lunchroom cookies and slipped them into my locker in ninth grade.) But Rick and I have been married nearly 20 years, so I must be doing something right. Dry those tears, Singletons! Pull your-selve

19、s together and listen to Wifey Jean. If you follow my advice, Ill bet you dollars to donuts that youll find your Prince Charming, or Princess Enchanting, in no time!（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by “I dont know if there is something in the water“ (Line 1. Paragraph 1)?A She is not sure whe

20、ther her water is too dirty to drink.B She is not sure whether something is wrong in the water system.C She is not sure why being single is so pervasive in her town.D She is not sure why single people move to her town.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The examples of her cousin Michelle and the buildings manager

21、 are used to showA many people choose divorce to solve their emotional problems.B women are not satisfied with their marriage:C many people are not confident in serious relationships.D more people are becoming loveless singles.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the author think of those single people?A

22、They are using excuses to cheat themselves.B They should be sorry for being single.C They dont like weddings, because they are expensive.D They reject staying in a comfortable home with a beautiful bride.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why does the author want to share her “romantic wisdom“ with the singletons

23、?A She wants to give it to the singletons as a Valentine Gift.B She thinks it is her responsibility to help them.C She feels that she has been very selfish before.D She wants to revive her feelings of dating a long time ago.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the text we can tell that the author is a very _ p

24、erson.A hospitable and kind B clever and faithfulC sensitive and caring D unselfish and tactful（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Wherever people have been, they have left waste behind, which can cause all sorts of problems. Waste often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriou

25、sly, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted disposal methods have thus far been developed.Yet many also see waste

26、as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, an

27、d especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Mu

28、ch of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled.Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. But since then pl

29、ummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.Subsi

30、dies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely.

31、That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them th

32、ey fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environm

33、ental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive.（分数：10.00）(1).Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?A Waste is everywhere. B Waste is very harmful.C Waste should be treated universally. D Waste can be an opportunity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Waste firms exp

34、ect a great development in China, India and Brazil becauseA those economies have a large amount of waste to be treated.B those economies develop fast but spend little on waste business.C those economies welcome waste firms to run business there.D those economies pay more attention to environmental p

35、rotection.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Many recycling firms are disappointed now for the reason thatA clever new technologies are updating too quickly to bring any profit.B they will have no resources to use in a world without waste in the future.C low prices for recycling products leave little margin to ma

36、ke money.D governments are reluctant to give financial help to survive the crisis.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the authors ideal, products with high pricesA would be hard to be disposed of. B should be really valuable.C would create less waste. D should be in strict regulation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.

37、(5).Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A Rich countries might help poor countries to treat the waste.B Californias “zero waste” program makes no environmental sense.C More taxes are needed to collect and treat the waste efficiently.D Governments policies on waste industry

38、 are largely incoherent.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In War Made Easy Norman Solomon demolishes the myth of all independent American press zealously guarding sacred values of free expression. Although strictly focusing on the shameless history of media cheerleading for the principal post

39、 World War American wars, invasions, and interventions, he calls into question the entire concept of the press as some kind of institutional counterforce to government and corporate power.Many of the examples compiled in this impeccably documented historical review will be familiar to readers who fo

40、llow the news on the Internet. But such examples achieve flesh impact because of the way Solomon has organized and analyzed them. Each chapter is devoted to a single warhawk argument ( “ America Is a Fair and Noble Superpower, “ “ Opposing the War Means Siding with the Enemy, “ “Our Soldiers Are Her

41、oes, Theirs Are Inhuman “ ), illustrated with historical examples from conflicts in the Dominican Republic, E1 Salvador, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama, Kosovo, both Iraq wars, and others in which the media were almost universally enthusiastic accomplices.The book should really be subtitled “ War reportin

42、g doesnt just suck, it kills. “ It makes you feel like demanding a special war crimes tribunal for corporate media executives and owners who joined the roll-up to “ shock and awe “ as non-uniformed psywar ops. To be sure, this would raise the issue of whether or not following orders might suffice fo

43、r the defense of obedient slaves such as Mary McGrory and Richard Cohen, who performed above and beyond the call of duty. “ He persuaded me, “ McGrory gushed the morning after Colin Powell addressed a plenary session of the United Nations on February 5,2003, declaring that Iraq had weapons of mass d

44、estruction. “ The cumulative effect was stunning.“ In the same Washington Post edition, Cohen wrote.The evidence he presented to the United Nationssome of it circumstantial, some of it absolutely bone-chilling in its detailhad to prove to anyone that Iraq not only hasnt accounted for its weapons of

45、mass destruction but without a doubt still retains them. Only a fool could conclude otherwise.Solomon demonstrates how this kind of peppy prewar warm-up degenerates into drooling and heavy breathing once the killing begins. As if observing a heavy metal computer game, the pornographers of death conc

46、entrate on the exquisite craftsmanship and visual design of the murder machines, and the magnificence of the fiery explosions they produce.（分数：10.00）(1).What is a common misperception of American press?A It protects freedom of expression without reserve.B It concentrates on media support for the war

47、s.C It discloses the shocking history of invasions.D It stands on the side of the government.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author of this passage thinks War Made Easy is_.A questionableB controversialC well-provenD finely-polished（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be implied that the conflicts in E1 Salvador, V

48、ietnam, Grenada, Panama, Kosovo_.A created heroesB are forgotten by most AmericansC were criticised by American mediaD were supported by American media（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can be inferred about McGrory and Richard Cohen?A Both were shocked by the news that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.B Both publicly supported the US accusation of Iraq.C Both committed a special war crime.D Both defended the interests of those who were submissive.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the second to last paragraph, “ could conclude otherwise “ probably means that_.A the e