【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(九)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中药学(九)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It has been justly said that while“ we speak with our vocal organs we (1) with our whole bodies.“ All of us communicate with one another (2) , as well as with words. Sometimes we know what were doing, as with the use of gestur

2、es such as the thumbs-up sign to indicate that, we (3) . But most of the time were not aware that were doing it. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone elses eyes and (4) . These actions we (5) are random and incidental. But researchers (6) that there is a system of them almost as consiste

3、nt and comprehensible as language, and they conclude that there is a whole (7) of body language, (8) the way we move, the gestures we employ, the posture we adopt, the facial expression we (9) , the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand (10) each other.The body language serves a variety

4、 of purposes. Firstly it can replace verbal communication, (11) with the use of gesture. Secondly it can modify verbal communication, loudness and (12) of voice is an example here. Thirdly it regulates social interaction: turn taking is largely governed by non-verbal (13) . Finally it conveys our em

5、otions and attitudes. This is (14) important for successful cross-culture communication.Every culture has its own“ body language“, and children absorb its nuances (15) with spoken language. The way an Englishmen crosses his legs is (16) like the way a mate American does it. When we communicate with

6、people from other, cultures, the body language sometimes help make the communication easy and (17) , such as shaking hand is such a (18) gesture that people all over the world know that it is a signal for greeting. But sometimes-the body language can cause certain misunderstanding (19) people of dif

7、ferent cultures often have different forms behavior for sending the same message or have different (20) towards the same body signals.（分数：10.00）(1).A address B reverse C converse D confer（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A verbally B nonverbally C vocally D univocally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A refuse B approve C sus

8、pect D alert（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A look up B look down C look away D look back（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A resume B assume C presume D consume（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A have discovered B have invented C pointed out D have revealed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A level B extent C group D range（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A incl

9、uded B including C include D inclusive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A wear B put on C bring D hold（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A to B between C within D from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A as if B as C when D like（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A pitch B tone C frequency D volume（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A signs B gestures C movements D

10、 signals（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A specifically B specially C particularly D equally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A also B along C besides D alone（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A nothing B something C anything D none（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A efficient B affective C effective D effectual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A unusual B u

11、nique C ordinary D universal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A hence B since C thus D and（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A interpretations B implicative C understanding D implications（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Human relations have commanded peoples

12、attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays. Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be underst

13、ood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences.“ Intuitive “ knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior whereas in the physical sciences such common sense knowledge is relatively primit

14、ive. If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our world, not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand, if we removed all knowledge of

15、scientific psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before. We would still “ know “ how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us: we would still “ know “ when someone was angry and when someone wa

16、s pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the “ whys “ of much of the selfs behavior and feelings. In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which though unformulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact w

17、ith others in more or less adaptive ways. Kohler in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that “ people were acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology. “

18、Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human relations, the science of human relations had been one of the last to develop. Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people hav

19、e about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one

20、develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physics in which there are relatively few nonscientific bo

21、oks.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following claims of the passage supports the authors argument that “ psychology holds a unique position among the sciences “ (Line 4-5, Para.1)?A The study of common sense in the physical sciences is relatively advanced.B The full meaning of a human relationship may no

22、t be obvious.C Psychology plays an important role in modem science and technology.D Intuitive understanding of human behaviors can be clear and precise.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, which of the following could be safely drawn about the people who lived before the coming of scientif

23、ic psychology?A They think much of investigating of interpersonal relationship.B Knowledge of the physical science was not very attractive for them.C They pay much attention to correctly handle human relationship.D Their intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D

24、.(3).The author suggests that common sense knowledge of human relations is_.A usually biased due to the fact that it is based on myths and folktalesB generally accurate enough to facilitate interactions with each otherC equally well developed among every adult within a given societyD typically unrel

25、ated to an individuals interactions with other people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author uses Ecclesiastes and Freud(Line 4, Para. 3)as examples in order to_.A find a satisfactory explanation to the human relations in their booksB show the growing tendency to ignore scientific explanations of human rela

26、tionsC challenge the first analysis on the underdevelopment of the science of human relationsD prove the unwillingness of people to abandon the pleasing fantasy in their mind（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A Intuition couldnt explain the motive of ones be

27、havior.B Scientific psychology seems to be the most advanced subject.C The scientific method is difficult to apply to psychology.D Some believe that the obvious deserves no scientific study.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For years, smokers have been exhorted to take the initiative and quit

28、: use a nicotine patch, chew nicotine gum, take a prescription medication that can help, call a help line, just say no. But a new study finds that stopping is seldom an individual decision. Smokers tend to quit in groups, the study finds, which means smoking cessation programs should work best if th

29、ey focus on groups rather than individuals. It also means that people may help many more than just themselves by quitting: quitting can have a ripple effect prompting an entire social network to break the habit. The study, by Dr. Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School and James Fowler of the

30、University of California, San Diego, followed thousands of smokers and nonsmokers for 32 years, from 1971 until 2003, studying them as part of a large network of relatives, co-workers, neighbors, friends and friends of friends. It was a time when the percentage of adult smokers in the United States

31、fell to 21 percent from 45 percent. As the investigators watched the smokers and their social networks, they saw what they said was a striking effectsmokers had formed little social clusters and, as the years went by, entire clusters of smokers were stopping en masse. So were clusters of clusters th

32、at were only loosely connected. Dr. Christakis described watching the vanishing clusters as like lying on your back in a field, looking up at stars that were burning out. “Its not like one little star turning off at a time,“ he said,“Whole constellations are blinking off at once. “ As cluster after

33、cluster of smokers disappeared, those that remained were pushed to the margins of society, isolated, with fewer friends, fewer social connections. “Smokers used to be the center of the party,“ Dr. Fowler said, “but now theyve become wallflowers.“ “Weve known smoking was bad for your physical health,

34、“ he said,“But this shows it also is bad for your social health. Smokers are likely to drive friends away. “ “There is an essential public health message,“ said Richard Suzman, director of the office of behavioral and social research at the National Institute on Aging, which financed the study. “Obv

35、iously, people have to take responsibility for their behavior,“ Mr. Suzman said. “But a social environment,“ he added, “can just overpower free will. “ With smoking, that can be a good thing, researchers noted. But there also is a sad side. As Dr. Steven Sehroeder of the University of California, Sa

36、n Francisco, pointed out in an editorial accompanying the paper, “a risk of the marginalization of smoking is that it further isolates the group of people with the highest rate of smokingpersons with mental illness, problems with substance abuse, or both. /（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statem

37、ents is true according to the opening paragraph? A Smokers have been prevented from quit smoking for years. B It is rare that smokers make a decision to quit. C It is preferable to abstain from smoking in groups. D Nonsmoker could be affected because of the ripple effects.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The wo

38、rd “en masse“ (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means_. A at large B all together C in the end D respectively（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By saying “but now they ve become wallflowers“ (Line 3, Paragraph 4), Dr. Fowler intends to show that_. A those who are isolated by clusters tend to quit smoking B thos

39、e who keep smoking are now loosely connected to their previous groups C those ongoing smokers tend to drive their friend away in parties D smoking in clusters are bad for the health of individuals and society alike（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A Social responsibi

40、lity is widely-acknowledged. B Smokers ignoring social environment are self-centered. C Going on smoking is wrong-headed. D Social influence on smoking is double-edged.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A Big Social Factor in Quitting Smoking B How to Q

41、uit Smoking Efficiently C Ripple Effect within Social Networks D Marginalization of Smoking Is Dangerous（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The road to controlling population growth in the 20th century was paved with good intentions and unpleasant policies that did not work, a new book argues a

42、n historian who grew up as the youngest of eight children might well be expected to approach the question of whether the world is overpopulated from an unusual angle. Matthew Connelly, a professor at Columbia University, dedicates his study of those who thought the planet had too many people and tri

43、ed to do something about it to his parents, “for having so many children“.Yet, he assures the reader, it Was not his personal experience of large families that drew him to the subject. Mr. Connellys mentor, Paul Kennedy of Yale University, believed it was necessary to look beyond great-power rivalri

44、es to understand the post-cold-war era. In 1994 the pair wrote an article for Atlantic Mouthly arguing that population growth in poor countries, increasing awareness of global economic inequality and the prospect of mass migration could lead to clashes between the West and “the rest“.When, years lat

45、er, Mr. Connelly began his own book on population growth, he still thought of the topic as a way to offer a broader understanding of world security. He ended up writing a very different-and angry-book, one about people who looked at the human race reproducing itself and saw what a gardener sees when

46、 looking at a prize plant: something to be encouraged to bloom in some places and pruned in others.As the world population soared, the population controllers came to believe they were fighting a war, and there would be collateral damage. Millions of devices were exported to poor countries although t

47、hey were known to cause infections and sterility. “Perhaps the individual patient is expendable in the general scheme of things,“ said a participant at a conference on the devices organized in 1962 by the Population Council, a research institute founded by John D Rockefeller, “particularly if the in

48、fection she acquires is sterilizing but not lethal. “Furthermore, statistical estimates suggest that as much as 90% of the reason that women have families of a particular size is simply because that is the number of children they want. Where women gained education and rights, birth rates fell. As wi

49、th reproduction itself, for people to become less fruitful, desire must precede performance.（分数：10.00）(1).Which one of the following is NOT true about Matthew Connelly?A He is the youngest of 8 children in the family and grew up to be an historian.B He is expected to address the population problem from a differ