【考研类试卷】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编11及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 11及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：36.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._如何充分利用上大学的时间 1986 年英译汉及详解 It would be interesting to discover how many

2、young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.【F1】 If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. 【F2】 If a student goes

3、to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. 【F3】 Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he i

4、s asked to do. 【F4】 Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders“ with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do

5、not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn“t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn“t have ended up as an interpreter, but it“s too late now. I couldn“t go back and begin all over again.“ 【F5】 There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make

6、 the best use of one“s time at university. 【F6】 This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning. 【F7】 He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very

7、 little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about. 【F8】 It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not

8、to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.（分数：16.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数

9、：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_(6).【F6】（分数：2.00）_(7).【F7】（分数：2.00）_(8).【F8】（分数：2.00）_花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求 2013 年英译汉及详解 It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible

10、urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;【F1】 Yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that

11、 of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,“ to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.【F2】 A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to s

12、helter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one“s relation to one“s environment.【F3】 The garde

13、ns of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn“ t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. Another urge or need that these

14、gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees,【F4】 most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day

15、 we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, smal

16、l pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.【F5】 It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word “

17、garden“ though in a“liberated“ sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophiliaa yearning for contact with nonhuman lifeassuming uncanny representational forms.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_基于经济利己主义的环

18、保制度不可取 2010 年英译汉及详解 One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance

19、. When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.【F1】 Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that

20、 insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,【F2】 but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intri

21、nsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.【F3】 Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically w

22、eak, or that they prey only on “worthless“ species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we here the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the s

23、ake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself. Some species of tree have been “read out of the party“ by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.【F4】 In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree spe

24、cies are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted

25、. To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.【F5】 It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I thi

26、nk, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 11答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：36.00)1.Section II Reading Compre

27、hension_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._解析：如何充分利用上大学的时间 1986 年英译汉及详解 It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.【F1】 If one

28、 considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. 【F2】 If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for h

29、imself, he will undoubtedly benefit. 【F3】 Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. 【F4】 Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different ac

30、ademic studies, especially those “all rounders“ with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn“t taken a degree in Moder

31、n Languages, I shouldn“t have ended up as an interpreter, but it“s too late now. I couldn“t go back and begin all over again.“ 【F5】 There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one“s time at university. 【F6】 This is the case of the student who excels in a particul

32、ar branch of learning. 【F7】 He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about. 【F8】 It therefore becomes more and more im

33、portant that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and o

34、n the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.（分数：16.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：条件状语从句和 it作形式主语的用法。 主句为 it is not hard to see，其中

35、 it为形式主语，不定式结构 to see为真正的主语。该句为主从复合句。句首为 if引导的条件状语从句，how difficult it isabilities 为 see的宾语从句。其中 it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构 to select the course，过去分词短语 most suited to his interestsand abilities作后置定语，修饰先行词 the course。翻译该从句时应将真正的主语内容译出。(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：如果一个学生读大学是为了获得对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了拓宽思想境界和学会独立思考，

36、那么毫无疑问，大学是对他有好处的。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：不定式作状语的译法。 本句是一个简单的主从复合句。句首为 if引导的条件状语从句，主句为 he will undoubtedly benefit。条件句的主干为 If a student goes to university，三个并列的不定式结构作目的状语：to acquire，toenlarge，and to learn。(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分时间对于规定他做的事有独立的见解。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：tooto结构

37、的用法。 除了用于“too+形容词或副词+to do sth”外，也可用于“too+形容词+aan+单数可数名词+to do sth”。句末为较长的不定式结构 to allow作结果状语。almosphere 和不定式之间插入的介词短语 with its time tables and disciplines作状语，根据语义，可以译为汉语的原因状语。(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些不偏重于某一个课程的“全面发展的学生”，经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和介词短语的译法。 expl

38、oration 意为“探测，探索”，这里根据与 academic studies的搭配，译为“钻研”；all rounder 意为“多面手”，根据上下文译为“全面发展的学生”。该句的插入语部分 I believe可放在句子最前面，从而看成“主谓句+宾语从句”的句型，译为：我认为。宾语从句的主干是 Most students would profit by，介词短语 by a year ofstudies做方式状语，修饰 profit，译为“通过经过”。句末 especially those是从句主语的补语，翻译时可提前跟在主语后。(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：当然，

39、关于一个人怎样最好地利用大学时间，还有另外一个方面。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：there be 句型。 该句的主干为 There is another side，介词短语 to the question作后置定语，修饰名词 side。其中 question后跟有介词短语 of how to make the best use of ones time at university作后置定语，说明其具体内容。(6).【F6】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：表语从句。 该句的主干是 This is the cas

40、e of the student，who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 student。(7).【F7】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：他一毕业马上就被自己选择的大学录取，再花三四年时间，以优异的成绩获得荣誉学位，成为一名专家，但对外界的一切几乎一无所知。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：现在分词和 of引导宾语从句的译法。 该句的主干为 He is immediately accepted by，and spends his three or four years becoming，其中谓语部分为 and连接的两个动词短语，前一个是被动语态 is accepted by，后一个是 spend time doing sth的结构。分词结构 emerging with a firstclass Honour Degree and very little knowledge of作结果状语，由于该部分较长，可单独译成一句。句末名词从句 what the rest of the world is all about作介词of的宾语。(8).【F8】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：因此，有一个问题愈显重要，那就是如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详细的信息和更多的指导。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：形式主语和条件状语从句。 该句的