【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷90及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 90 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90

2、 percent. Some countries did not (1)_ enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not (2)_. Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations (3)_ solutions. (4)_, problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. Industry in the deve

3、loped nations is highly automated and very (5)_. It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly (6)_ workers are needed to (7)_ and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained, (8)_ many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the (9)_ of

4、importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to (10)_ vocational and professional training. (11)_, just to begin training, the students must (12)_ learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and (13)_ do not return home. All nations agree

5、 that science and technology (14)_ be shared. The point is: countries (15)_ the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully (16)_ the costs, because many of these costs are (17)_. Students from these nations should (18)_ the problems of the industrialized countries closely.

6、(19)_ care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology, (20)_ the benefits.（分数：40.00）A.generateB.raiseC.produceD.manufactureA.answeredB.metC.calculatedD.rememberedA.forB.withoutC.asD.aboutA.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.AnywayD.HoweverA.expensiveB.mechanicalC.flourishingD.complicatedA.gif

7、tedB.skilledC.trainedD.versatileA.keepB.maintainC.retainD.protectA.sinceB.soC.andD.yetA.chargeB.priceC.costD.valueA.acceptB.gainC.receiveD.absorbA.FrequentlyB.IncidentallyC.DeliberatelyD.EventuallyA.soonB.quicklyC.immediatelyD.firstA.someB.othersC.severalD.fewA.mightB.shouldC.wouldD.willA.adoptingB.

8、conductingC.receivingD.adjustingA.toB.atC.onD.aboutA.opaqueB.secretC.sealedD.hiddenA.tackleB.learnC.studyD.manipulateA.InB.ThroughC.WithD.UnderA.exceptB.norC.orD.but二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the

9、 questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._I came to live here where I am now between Wounded Knee Creek and Grass Creek. Others came too, and we made there little gray houses of logs that you see, and they are square. It is a bad way to live, for there can be no power in a square. You hav

10、e noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were a strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the sacred hoop of the nation, and so long as the hoop

11、was unbroken, the people flourished. The flowering tree was the living center of the hoop, and the circle of the four quarters nourished it. The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and mighty wind gave strength and endurance. This knowled

12、ge came to us from the outer world with our religion. Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. The wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nests in circles, for theirs i

13、s the same religion as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is

14、 in everything where power moves. Our tepees were round like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation“s hoop, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to hatch our children. But the Wasichus have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are

15、 dying, for the power is not in us any more. You can look at our boys and see how it is with us. When we were living by the power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve or thirteen years of age. But now it takes them very much longer to mature.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage, we

16、can see that the Indians _.（分数：2.00）A.don“t have modem facilities in their homesB.are content to live where they areC.are strongly dissatisfied with their present statusD.are demanding better housing conditions(2).To the narrator, roundness stands for _.（分数：2.00）A.a future better lifeB.the past glor

17、ious lifeC.the past achievements of the IndiansD.nature around the Indians(3).In the third sentence of Paragraph 2, the “four quarters“ refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the four corners of the Indians“ housesB.the four elements that are believed to make up everythingC.the four seasonsD.the four directions(4).

18、In the first sentence of Paragraph 4, “Wasichus“ probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the Indian“s enemiesB.the white menC.the Great SpiritD.the Power of the World(5).What is the narrator“s feeling about their present living?（分数：2.00）A.Discontentment.B.Pleasantness.C.Anger.D.No feeling.The Supreme Court“

19、s recent decision allowing regional interstate banks has done away with one restriction in America“s banking operation, although many others still remain. Although the ruling does not apply to very large money-center banks, it is a move in a liberalizing direction that could at last push Congress in

20、to framing a sensible legal and regulatory system that allows banks to plan their future beyond the next court case. The restrictive laws that the courts are interpreting are mainly a legacy of the bank failures of the 1930“s. The current high rate of bank failurehigher than at any time since the Gr

21、eat Depressionhas made legislators afraid to remove the restrictions. While their legislative timidity is understandable, it is also mistaken. One reason so many American banks are getting into trouble is precisely that the old restrictions make it hard for them to build a domestic base large and st

22、rong enough to support their activities in today“s telecommunicating round-the-clock, around-the-world financial markets. In trying to escape from this restrictions, banks are taking enormous, and what should be unnecessary, risks. For example, would a large bank be buying small, failed savings bank

23、s at inflated prices if federal laws and states regulations permitted that bank to explain instead through the acquisition of financially healthy banks in the region? Of course not. The solution is clear. American banks will be sounder when they are not geographically limited. The house of Represent

24、ative“s banking committee has shown part of the way forward by recommending common-sense, though limited, legislation for a five-year transition to nationwide banking. This would give regional banks time to group together to form counterweights to the big money-center banks. Without this breathing s

25、pace the big money-center banks might soon extend across the country to develop. But any such legislation should be regarded as only a way station on the road towards a complete examination of America“s suitable banking legislation.（分数：10.00）(1).The author“s attitude towards the current banking laws

26、 is best described as one of _.（分数：2.00）A.concerned dissatisfactionB.tolerant disapprovalC.uncaring indifferenceD.great admiration(2).Which of the following best describes why the restrictive banking taws of the 1930“s are still on the book?（分数：2.00）A.The bank failures of the 1930“s were caused by r

27、estrictive courts.B.Banking has not changed in the past $0 years.C.The banking system is too restrictive, but no alternatives have been suggested.D.Legislators apparently believe that banking problems similar to those of the Depression still exist today.(3).The author argues that the change to a nat

28、ionwide banking systems should be _.（分数：2.00）A.gradual, so that regional banks have a chance to compete with larger banksB.postponed, until the consequences can be evaluatedC.immediate, because we cannot afford any more bank failuresD.accelerated, to Overcome legislative fear(4).Which of the followi

29、ng best expresses the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The current banking law must be interpreted by the Supreme Court to be useful to today“s banks.B.Although there are currently many bank failures, the nature of banking has not really changed that much.C.Money center banks currently have too m

30、uch power as compared with the regional banks.D.Because current laws are not responsive to contemporary banking needs, banks have been forced to take needless and dangerous risks.(5).In the first sentence of Paragraph 2, “interpreting“ probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.according toB.explainingC.carryi

31、ng onD.doing awayAdvertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to persuade others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can perform. But the mass production of goods resulting from the Industrial Revo

32、lution in the 19th century made person-to-person selling less efficient than it previously was for most products. The mass distribution of goods that followed the development of rail and highway systems made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive for almost all companies. At the same time,

33、however, a growth in mass communication occurred first in newspapers and magazines, then radio and television that made mass selling possible. Advertising, then, is merely selling or salesmanship functioning in the paid space or time of various mass communication media. The objective of any advertis

34、ement is to convince people that it is in their best interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. The action may be to purchase a product, go to a showroom to try the product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, make a contribution, or even to join the army. Like any person

35、al salesperson, the advertisement tries to persuade. The decision is the prospects. While advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as well. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost 5f a product sold

36、primarily through advertising is usually far less than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising also brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising pays for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the

37、cost publishing magazines and newspapers.（分数：10.00）(1).Person to person sale failed to meet the need _.（分数：2.00）A.when the Industrial Revolution startedB.when goods began to be produced in great quantitiesC.because trains replaced men in carrying goods aroundD.as attention was shifted from distribut

38、ion to production(2).From the last sentence of the second paragraph we learn _.（分数：2.00）A.advertising is no different from person-to-person selling in substanceB.advertising extends sales promotion to a larger areaC.advertising has greatly improved the production of goodsD.it is very expansive to ad

39、vertise a new product(3).By saying that “the decision is the prospect“ s“,the author means _.（分数：2.00）A.advertisement often persuades people to buy what they don“t really wantB.advertisement can never really influence people“s ability to decideC.whether to buy an advertised product is up to the woul

40、d-be customerD.the effect of an advertisement on the public is difficult to determine(4).The last paragraph is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.the cost of advertising a productB.the effect of advertisement on people“s livesC.the benefits advertisement bringsD.various media for advertising products(5).Whic

41、h statement is right according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.We don“t need person-to-person selling any more.B.Since the Industrial Revolution, person-to-person selling disappeared.C.Advertising pays for about two thirds of the cost of the programs on commercial television and radio.D.Advertise on comme

42、rical television and radio is more expensive than on magazines and newspapers.Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, alo

43、ng with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a“ comfortable living“. Yet simultaneously, the nation“s poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still h

44、eld at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32.5 million Americans. The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be “the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each depen

45、dent“. Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor

46、 in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration“s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped fall

47、ing. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living. Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.（分数：10.00）

48、(1).In which of the following years did the poor people constitute the largest proportion of the American population?（分数：2.00）A.1973.B.1987.C.1969.D.1983.(2).It can be inferred that poverty _.（分数：2.00）A.is defined very concretely in every periodB.is difficult to define in specific termsC.is defined in material termsD.is defined according to the standard of each decade(3).Those who consider the poverty line high point out that _.（分数：2.00）A.the poor people enjoy other benefitsB.the s