【考研类试卷】考研英语(一)-93及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语(一)-93 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A few years ago, Facebook was forced to retreat from a new service called Beacon. It tracked what the social network“s users were doing elsewhere on the webwhich caused a huge 1 because of the loss of personal privacy. 2 , Fac

2、ebook promised to make 3 efforts to better protect people“s information. But 4 the firm has not been trying very hard. On November 29th America“s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 5 the results of an investigation it had conducted of Facebook. They showed that the world“s biggest social network, which

3、now 6 more than 800m users, has been making information public that it had 7 to keep private. The FTC“s findings come at a(n) 8 time for Facebook, which is preparing for an initial public offering (IPO) that is almost 9 to take place next year. Some recent reports have 10 that the firm may seek a li

4、sting as early as next spring, and that it will try to 11 a whopping $10 billion in an IPO that would 12 it at $100 billion. To 13 the way for an offering, Facebook 14 needs to resolve some of the regulatory tussles over privacy that it has become embroiled in. 15 the FTC“s announcement, which came

5、as part of a settlement struck between the commission and Facebook. The FTC“s investigation 16 a litany of instances in which the social network had 17 its users. In what is perhaps the most damning of the findings, the agency documents that Facebook has been 18 people“s personal information with ad

6、vertisersa practice its senior executives have 19 sworn it does not indulge in. The FTC also says that the firm failed to make photos and videos on deactivated and deleted user accounts 20 after promising to do so.（分数：10.00）A.panicB.fussC.indifferenceD.mirthA.At the meantimeB.At timesC.At a timeD.At

7、 the timeA.strenuousB.intensiveC.legitimateD.minuteA.turbulentlyB.exclusivelyC.apparentlyD.unfortunatelyA.manifestedB.clarifiedC.releasedD.renouncedA.boastsB.claimsC.manipulatesD.exaggeratesA.confirmedB.deniedC.appealedD.pledgedA.sensitiveB.essentialC.beneficialD.confidentialA.certainB.dueC.inclined

8、D.reluctantA.conjuredB.prospectedC.speculatedD.approvedA.raiseB.increaseC.collectD.boomA.consumeB.evaluateC.apportionD.valueA.leadB.setC.clearD.cutA.badlyB.consequentlyC.evidentlyD.absolutelyA.In a wordB.All in allC.After allD.HenceA.predictedB.apprehendedC.reproachedD.highlightedA.suspectedB.deceiv

9、edC.inducedD.recompensedA.sharingB.inflamingC.furnishingD.purchasingA.reluctantlyB.readilyC.repeatedlyD.intermittentlyA.inaccessibleB.accessibleC.unsustainableD.indispensable二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It“s not that we thought things were free. I

10、t“s just that this year there were no fixes to the messes we madeno underwater oil-well caps, no AIG bailouts, no reuniting the island castaways in a church and sending them to heaven. We had to idly watch things completely fall apart, making us feel so pathetic that planking seemed like a cool thin

11、g to do. This was the year of the meltdown. If a meltdown could happen at a nuclear reactor in Japana country so obsessed with keeping up to date that its citizens annually get new cell phones and a new Prime Ministerwe should have known we were all doomed. Meltdowns happened to the most unlikely vi

12、ctims. Everyone was so vulnerable to meltdowns that even Canadians rioted, though they did it only so the rest of the world wouldn“t feel bad about their riots. It didn“t take a tsunami; anything could trigger a meltdown. Greece, a country so economically insignificant that its biggest global financ

13、ial contribution to this century was that Nia Vardalos movie, sent the entire European economy into a meltdown. A meltdown of both the U.S. credit rating and Congress“s approval rating was unleashed over raising the debt ceiling, something so routine and boring. Sometimes, it didn“t take an actual s

14、exual affair to ruin your promising political career. Sometimes, crises sprang out of tiny mistakes that usually have no consequences whatsoever, like that day in college when you went to a protest, charged a couple more things on your nearly maxed-out credit card and drunkenly told the pizza guy wi

15、th all the dumb ideas that he should totally run for President. Well, when the entire country does that at once, you get a meltdown. There was even a meltdown of the once powerful American middle class. A year ago ours was still a country that pretended there was no class system, where rich people a

16、ll called themselves “upper-middle class“. Now we are full-on feudal, with an angry 99% and a 1% who actually understand the things which the 99% are inarticulately complaining about. The meltdown itself melted down when Occupy Wall Street protesters and police couldn“t agree on lawn care. It“s too

17、late to cool the rods. We are either going to abandon the old structures altogethernuclear power, the euro, Arab secular rule, unregulated capitalismor wait a really long time for things to get better. We are finally going to have to choose between our modem love of constant drama and our modem lazi

18、ness. I know which I“m betting on. Laziness has a really high melting point.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, what could we do about the messes we made?（分数：2.00）A.We could spare our efforts to change them.B.We could watch things fall apart leisurely.C.We were incapable of doing anything.D.We co

19、uld stay cool in face of the messes.(2).Which of the following is true of the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Japanese fall victims to meltdowns easily.B.Japanese rarely change cell phones and Prime Ministers.C.Canadians rioted because the rest of the world wouldn“t feel bad about their riots.D.Everyone

20、 could become victim of meltdowns.(3).The word “unleashed“ (Line 4, Para. 3 ) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.triggered offB.recoveredC.realizedD.restated(4).What do the 1% people know according to Paragraph 5?（分数：2.00）A.They know that rich people are called “upper-middle class“ in their count

21、ry.B.They know what the 99% are not satisfied with.C.They know that there is no class system in their country.D.They know that their country is completely feudal.(5).Regarding all the meltdowns happening in the world this year, the author feels _.（分数：2.00）A.indifferentB.optimisticC.pessimisticD.puzz

22、led五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recalculating the global use of phosphorus, an important fertilizer element of modem agriculture, a team of researchers warns that the world“s stocks may soon be in short supply and that overuse in the industrialized world has become a leading cause of the pollution of lak

23、es, rivers and streams, Writing in the Feb. 14 edition of the journal Environmental Research Letters , Stephen Carpenter of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Elena Bennett of McGill University report that the human use of phosphorus, primarily in the industrialized world, is causing the widesp

24、read eutrophication of fresh surface water. What“s more, the minable global stocks of phosphorus are concentrated in just a few countries and are in decline, posing the risk of global shortages within the next 20 years. “There is a finite amount of phosphorus in the world,“ says Carpenter, one of th

25、e world“s leading authorities on lakes and streams. “This is a material that“s becoming rarer and we need to use it more efficiently.“ Phosphorus is an essential element for life. Living organisms, including humans, have small amounts and the element is crucial for driving the energetic processes of

26、 cells. In agriculture, phosphorus mined from ancient marine deposits is widely used to boost crop yields. The element also has other industrial uses. But excess phosphorus from fertilizer that washes from farm fields and suburban lawns into lakes and streams is the primary cause of the algae blooms

27、 that destroy freshwater ecosystems and degrade water quality. Phosphorus pollution poses a risk to fish and other water life as well as to the animals and humans who depend on clean fresh water. In some instances, excess phosphorus sparks blooms of toxic algae, which pose a direct threat to human a

28、nd animal life. “If you have too much phosphorus, you get eutrophication,“ explains Carpenter, of the cycle of excessive plant and algae growth that significantly degrades bodies of fresh water. “Phosphorus stimulates the growth of algae and weeds near shore and some of the algae can contain cyanoba

29、cteria, which are toxic. You lose fish. You lose water quality for drinking.“ The fertilizer-fueled algae blooms themselves amplify the problem as the algae die and release accumulated phosphorus back into the water. Complicating the problem, says Carpenter, is the fact that excess phosphorus in the

30、 environment is a problem primarily in the industrialized world, mainly Europe, North America and parts of Asia. In other parts of the world, notably Africa and Australia, soils are phosphorus poor, creating a stark imbalance. Ironically, soils in places like North America, where fertilizers with ph

31、osphorus are most commonly applied, are already loaded with the element. Bennett and Carpenter argue that agriculture practices to better conserve phosphate within agricultural ecosystems are necessary to avert the widespread pollution of surface waters. Phosphorus from parts of the world where the

32、element is abundant, they say, can be moved to phosphorus deficient regions of the world by extracting phosphorus from manure, for example, using manure digesters.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from Paragraph I that the pollution of lakes, rivers and streams is mainly caused by _.（分数：2.00）A.the global use o

33、f phosphorusB.short supply of the world“s phosphorus stocksC.overuse of phosphorus in the industrialized worldD.use of phosphorus in modem agriculture(2).The word “eutrophication“ (Line 3, Para. 2 ) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.pollutionB.excess of nutrientsC.increase of algaeD.growth of bacteri

34、a(3).Which of the following is not correct about the use of phosphorus?（分数：2.00）A.It is used in industry.B.It is used to increase crop yields.C.It is used to drive the energetic processes of cells.D.It is used only in small amounts in living organism.(4).What is the result if the algae blooms?（分数：2.

35、00）A.It will cause the fish and other water life to die.B.It will release accumulated phosphorus into the water.C.It will destroy freshwater ecosystems.D.It will improve water quality,(5).According to the last paragraph, we learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.environmental problems exist only in the industriali

36、zed countriesB.agriculture practices should conserve phosphate within agricultural ecosystemsC.phosphorus can be created by using manure digestersD.soils are not short of phosphorus in Africa and Australia六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It“s been called the Gig Economy, Freelance Nation, the Rise of the Cre

37、ative Class, and the e-economy, with the “e“ standing for electronic, entrepreneurial. Everywhere we look, we can see the U.S. workforce undergoing a massive change. No longer do we work at the same company for 25 years, waiting for the gold watch, expecting the benefits and security that come with

38、full-time employment. We“re no longer simply lawyers, or photographers, or writers. Instead, we“re part-time lawyers-cum-amateur photographers who write on the side. Today, careers consist of piecing together various types of work, juggling multiple clients, learning to be marketing and accounting e

39、xperts, and creating offices in bedrooms/coffee shops. Independent workers abound. We call them freelancers, contractors, sole proprietors, consultants, temps, and the self-employed. This transition is nothing less than a revolution. We haven“t seen a shift in the workforce so significant in almost

40、100 years since we transitioned from an agricultural to an industrial economy. Now, employees are leaving the traditional workplace and opting to piece together a professional life on their own. As of 2005, one-third of our workforce participated in this “freelance economy“. Statistics show that num

41、ber has only increased over the past six years. While the economy has unwillingly pushed some people into independent work, many have chosen it because of greater flexibility that lets them skip the dreary office environment and focus on more personally fulfilling projects. These trends will have an

42、 enormous impact on our economy and our society: We don“t actually know the true composition of the new workforce. After 2005, the government stopped counting independent workers in a meaningful and accurate way. Studies have shown that the independent workforce has grown and changed significantly s

43、ince then. Jobs no longer provide the protections and security that workers used to expect. The basics such as health insurance, protection from unpaid wages, a retirement plan, and unemployment insurance are out of reach for one-third of working Americans. Independent workers are forced to seek the

44、m elsewhere, and if they can“t find or afford them, then they go without. Therefore, it“s time to build a new support system that allows for the flexible and mobile way that people are working. This new, changing workforce needs to build economic security in profoundly new ways. For the new workforc

45、e, the New Deal is irrelevant. When it was passed in the 1930s, the New Deal provided workers with important protections and benefits but those securities were built for a traditional employer-employee relationship. The New Deal has not evolved to include independent workers.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be

46、inferred from Paragraph 1 that _.（分数：2.00）A.the U.S. laboring force has changed slightlyB.the Americans used to work quite a long time at the same companyC.only full-time employees are entitled to social benefits and securityD.now the Americans prefer e-economy to traditional economy(2).By saying “I

47、ndependent workers abound“ (Lines 2-3, Para. 2), the author probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.more and more independent workers are sufferingB.the independent workers are bound to be minorityC.the independent workers are around youD.there are large numbers of independent workers(3).Which of the following

48、is true according to Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.There was a significant shift in the U.S. workforce 100 years ago.B.It took the Americans almost 100 years to shift from an agricultural to an industrial economy.C.Now many Americans choose independent work because they enjoy the great flexibility.D.Now ab

49、out one-third of U.S. employees are leaving their farms to work in large cities.(4).From Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6, we can draw the conclusion that _.（分数：2.00）A.only one-third of working Americans can get protections and security from jobsB.the U.S. independent workers get unemployment insurance and health insurance from the governmentC.the U.S. government has got accurate statistics of the new workforceD.a new support system is necessary for the independent workers(5).From the last paragraph, we can learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.the New Deal