【考研类试卷】考博英语-基础训练2及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-基础训练 2 及答案解析(总分：17.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Internet is a vast network ofcomputers that connects many of the worlds businesses, institutions, and individualsThe internt, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands of smaller computer networksThese network

2、s transmit huge amounts of infermation in the form of words, images, and soundsThe Internet was information on virtually every topicNetwork users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic“bulletin boards“where users form discussion groups around common interestsMuch

3、of the Internets traffic consists of messages sent from one computer user to anotherThese messages are called electronic mail or e-mail Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive e-mailOther uses of the network include obtaining news, joining electronic debates, and

4、 playing electronic gamesOne feature of the Internet, known as the World Wide Web, provides graphics, audio, and video to enhance the information in its documentsThese documents cover a vast number of topicsPeople usually access the internt with a device called a modemModems connect computers to the

5、 network through telephone linesMuch of the Internet operates through worldwide telephone networks of fiber optic cablesThese cables contain hair thin strands of glass that carry data as pulses of lightThey can transmit thousands of times more data than local phone lines, most of which consist of co

6、pper wiresThe history of the Internet began in the 1960sAt that timethe Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense developed a network of computers called ARPAnetOriginally,ARPAnet connected only military and govemment computer systems Its purpose was to make

7、these systems secure in the event of a disaster or warSoon after the creation of ARPAnet, universities and other institutions developed their own computer neavorks These networks eventually were merged with ARPAnet to form the InternetBy the 1990s, anyone with a computer,modem, and Internet software

8、 could link up to the InternetIn the future, the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated as computer technology becomes more powerfulMany expels believe the Internet may become part of a larger network called the information superhighwayThis network, still under development, would link comput

9、ers with telephone companies, cable television stations, and other communication systemsPeople could bank, shop, watch TV,and perform many other activities through the network（分数：4.00）(1).This passage is about the_of the InternetAfuture Bgeneral introductionCuse Dhistory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of

10、 the following statements about the Internet is true?AARI A was the first net used by American universities and institutionsBThe history of the internt can traced back to fifty years agoCThe purpose of me internt is to protect the world in the event of warDARPAnet formed the foundation of the Intern

11、et nowadays（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The internt enables people to do all the following things EXCEPT_Asending email Bobtaining newsCexchanging modern Dinternet related chat(IRC)（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the last paragraph，in the future_Ait may be hard to predict the development of the InternetBt

12、he Internet will become an indispensable superhighwayCthe Internet will be applied moreDthe Internet will combine Cable stations（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that btology is destinyAccoralng to this ideology,basic biological and psy

13、chological differences exist between the sexesThese differences require each sex to play a separate role in social lifeWomen are the weaker sex both physically and emotionallyThus, they are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic dutiesA womans place, under normal cir

14、cumstances, is within the protective environment of the homeNature has determined that women play caretaker roles, such as wife and mother and homemakerOn the other hand, men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken onMen

15、 are to be the providers；women and children are“dependents“The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these iobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sexIt is thus appropriate for women, not mentO be employed as nurses, social w

16、orkers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretariesThese positions are simply an extension of womens domestic roleInformal distinctions between“vomens work“and“mens work“in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection ofthe basic differ

17、ences between the sexesFinally,the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce.Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance.So goe

18、s the ideologyIt is，of course，not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social lifeThere is ample evidence that sex rolesvaryfrom societyto society,andthose roledifferencesthatto existarelargelylearnedBut to the degree pe

19、ople actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society,sexdefined roles will be seen as totally acceptable（分数：4.00）(1).Womens place，some people think，is within the protective environment of the horne because_Awomen can prov

20、ide beer care for the childrenBwomen are too weak to do any agricultural work at allCwomen are biologically suited to domestic jobsDwomen can not compete with men in any field（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author,sex rOles_Aare socially determinedBare emotionally and physically determinedCcan

21、 only be determined by what education people takeDare biologically and psychologically determined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author points out that the assignments of womens roles in work_Aare determined by what they are better suited toBrow out of their position inside the homeCreflect a basic differe

22、nce between men and womenDare suitable to them，but not to men（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AThe division of sexdefined roles is completely unacceptableBWomens roles in work are too limited at presentCIn one society,men might perform what is consider

23、ed womens duties bv anotherDSome of the womens roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：4.00)In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the termThe old protectionism referred only to trade res

24、tricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidyThe new protectionism is much broader than this； it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to themThe new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private econom

25、y affects international tradeThe emphasis on trade is still there, thus came me term“protection“But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relationsThe emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of t

26、he interventionistor welfare economy over the market economyJab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionismcoexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanismIndeed, protectionists as well as(i

27、f not more than)free traders stood for laissez faireNow, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies sarisfaction“It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is respo

28、nsible for the protectionismIn a market economy,economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomesThe same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not properTherefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired resultT

29、he victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northem EuropeIn Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normalIn Great Britain this is only somewhat less trueGovernment traditionally has pla

30、yed a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do soOnly West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western EuropeIt also happens to be the most successful Western European economyThe welfare state has made significant progress in the United St

31、ates as well as in Western EuropeSocial security,unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene（分数：4.00）(1).This passage is primarily concerned with discussing_Athe definition of the new protectionismBthe difference bet

32、ween new and old protectionismCthe emergence of the new protectionism in the Westem worldDthe significance of the welfare state（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage?AFree education is available to a child BLaws are

33、 made to fix the minimum wageCAobless person can be insuredDThere are regulations for rent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following inferences is true，according to this passage?AThe economy developed faster in welfarestates than in non-welfare statesBIn the 1930s，protectionism began to riseCThe ne

34、w protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latestDGovernment plays a more active role in economic life in Northem Europe than in Great Britain（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?AWhen did the new protectionism arise?BWhy is

35、the new protectionism SO popular in northern European countries?CDoes the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government?DWhy does the government intervene in economic life?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It has been argued that where schools become

36、bureaucratized, they become bound up with the techniques and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concem with position and self-advancementIn so doing, they may neglect the purpose for which they were set upThus, they do not facilitate the development of those who are par

37、t of the school community, and tend to neglect the desires of children, parents and society at largeIt is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric and legislation of free-market theories of organization and societySuch theories suggest that a much

38、more market-oriented, competitive approach is required so that schools reorient themselves towards their“clients“By so doing, it is claimed, not only do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concemed, but such an approach also unleashes the benefits of individ

39、ual responsibility,freedom of choice, and rewardThough much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an econOmic bodv of thought as in SOCial and political theory,and this must raise the question of whether it can be viablv transferred to an educational contextIndeed, if by“educational

40、“we mean the development of all within the school community,then freemarket theory may miss the mark by concentrating on onlv one section, “the consumers“If teachers are seen as part of this community,then their develoDment is just as importantIf bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of

41、explaining how their values can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forrns of management derived from freemarket theories，suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values，are subject to the charge of relativismIn other words，free-ma

42、rket theories，granted that thev are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends，must explain why any set of values，including their own，is preferable to another（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author,criticism of schools arises from_.Aconcerns that schools deliberately neglect st

43、udentsBthe high cost of education due to bureaucracyCa perception of them as self-serving and bureaucraticDa misunderstanding of schools officials（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The“sch001 community(Line 4 Para4)the author refers to would probably include_.Astudems Bstudents and parentsCstudents，parents and te

44、achers Dteachers and students（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The transfer of free market ideas to the schools may fail because_.Aschools have no real clientsBthev concentrate only on the consumer and do not include teachersCschools are totally different from the free marketDthey have no solid purpose in their

45、aims（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text，criticism of free market solutions in education arise from the fact that_Athey do not explain why their set of values are beer than othersBtheft values are too subjectiveCtheir values are too different from those within an educational contextDthe educat

46、ional context is not a free market（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The“charge of relativism”mentioned in the last paragraph is meant to show_.Ame values are too narrowminded Bthe values are not specific enougnCthe values are too self-serving Dthe values are not strongly held（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.考博英语-基础训练 2 答案解析(总分：

47、17.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Internet is a vast network ofcomputers that connects many of the worlds businesses, institutions, and individualsThe internt, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands of smaller computer networksThese networks transmit huge amoun

48、ts of infermation in the form of words, images, and soundsThe Internet was information on virtually every topicNetwork users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic“bulletin boards“where users form discussion groups around common interestsMuch of the Internets traf

49、fic consists of messages sent from one computer user to anotherThese messages are called electronic mail or e-mail Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive e-mailOther uses of the network include obtaining news, joining electronic debates, and playing electronic gamesOne feature of the Interne