【考研类试卷】考博英语-505及答案解析.doc
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1、考博英语-505 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数:1,分数:5.00)From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern
2、drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughte
3、r of them, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousand of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly ;aid that when a man is sitting b
4、ehind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering, wheels. They swear, they are ill-mannered a
5、nd aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their bidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything i
6、s done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.It is high
7、time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rat
8、e. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or sol the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised
9、to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be impo
10、sed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in re
11、ducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not for motor-cars.(分数:5.00)(1).The main idea of this passage is _.(分数:1.00)A.traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB.thousands of people the world over are killed each yearC.the laws of some countries about dr
12、iving are too laxD.only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents(2).What does the author think of society toward motorists?(分数:1.00)A.Society criticizes the motorists severely.B.Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C.Society overlooks their rude driving.D.Victims of accidents are noth
13、in(3).Why does the author say. “his car becomes the extension of his personality“?(分数:1.00)A.Driving can show his real self.B.Driving can show the other part of his personality.C.Driving can bring out his character.D.His car embodies his temper.(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way ag
14、ainst traffic accidents?(分数:1.00)A.Build more highways.B.Stricter driving tests.C.Test drivers every three years.D.Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.(5).The attitude of the author is _.(分数:1.00)A.ironicalB.criticalC.appealingD.militant三、Passage 2(总题数:1,分数:5.00)Climatic conditions ar
15、e delicately adjusted to the composition of the Earths atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere-for example, in the relative proportions of atmosphere gases-the climate would probably change also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance, would increase the hem-retaining capacity o
16、f the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the cloud layer, reducing the mount of solar energy reaching the Earth surface.The level of carbon dioxide, CO2 in the atmosphere has important ef
17、fect on climatic change. Most of the Earths incoming energy is short-wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2 easily. The Earth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as a long-wavelength radiation, Which CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomeno
18、n, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by the Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2, whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430. If the CO 2 content of the atmos
19、phere is reduced, the temperature falls. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2 concentration were halved, the Earth would become completely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO2 concentration would lead only to a reducti
20、on in global temperatures of 3.If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activity, the CO2 content of the atmosphere increased, a warmer climate would be produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO2, would probably increase. As a consequence, plant
21、s would use more and more CO2. Eventually CO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die; CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperatures would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there m
22、ight be a long-term oscillation in the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature increase and decrease of a set magnitude.Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature rise of at le
23、ast 1. But a supposed global temperature rise of 1 may in reality be only several regional temperature increase, restricted to areas where there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas, for example the Southern Hemisphere oc
24、eanic zone, may be experiencing an equivalent temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations.(分数:5.00)(1).The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?(分数:1.00)A.Why are projections of the effects of changes i
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