【考研类试卷】湖北大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题2012年及答案解析.doc
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1、湖北大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题 2012年及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:180 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数:5,分数:40.00)Many mental institutions throughout the country have been turned into dumpping grounds for thousands of oldsters who have no place else to go. Most of them arent really mentally ill. In the jargon of the hospital
2、bureaucracy, they are classified as “inappropriate admissions. “ But since society has nothing better to offer, they are left to rot without hope, help, or dignity. The usual exit is death. Often through no fault of their own, understaffed and overcrowded mental hospitals handle their “geriatric cas
3、es“ little better than cattle. There is a recurrent pattern of elderly patients locked into wards to prevent them from Wandering about, given steady doses of tranquilizers to keep them “manageable“, left day and night without a trace of human warmth or companionship. Some hospitals have wards full o
4、f elderly, tranquilized patients, bodies bloated from their inactive, meaningless existences, sitting listlessly on hard benches or sprawled asleep on the floor. There are women, silent as statues, occupying chairs and rockers in the corridors. While the weather may be beautiful outdoors, old men ma
5、y indifferently shuffle about a geriatric “cottage“ with nowhere to go and nothing to do. Yet many of the people could be restored to human dignity, not by complicated therapeutic procedures, but among other things, by providing good medical care and reaching out a hand of kindness towards them. It
6、is estimated that one half the old people in state mental hospitals today could leave if proper community resources, services and programs were available. But an indifferent society has not made them available. (分数:8.00)(1).The main idea of this passage is that _. (分数:2.00)A.most old people need fam
7、ily careB.good care for the elderly is costlyC.many old people are living out their last years in mental institutionsD.old people should be taken out of doors when the weather is pleasant(2).“Geriatric“ in paragraph 2 refers to people who are _. (分数:2.00)A.oldB.lonelyC.mentally illD.physically sick(
8、3).We may infer that the author _. (分数:2.00)A.is indifferent to the status quo of the hospitalsB.is sympathetic to the situation of the elderlyC.is optimistic towards the future of the elderlyD.is hostile towards the mental hospital staff(4).The author believes that the real blame lies with _. (分数:2
9、.00)A.the societyB.the mental institutionsC.the elderlyD.the hospital bureaucracyIn some ways they are a marketers dream. They have billions of dollars in income and spend most of it. Although their individual purchases are small, they buy regularly, often in response to peer pressure. They are heav
10、ily influenced by television advertising. And, as a result of todays smaller families and the increase in the number of two-income households, they have more to say about family purchase decisions than ever before. “They“ are children, of course, a group whose spending habits are attracting the atte
11、ntion of more and more marketers. One recent study estimates that the thirty million U. S. children 4 to 12 years old receive about $4.7 billion annually from allowances, gifts, and odd jobs. Of that amount, they spend a total of $4.2 billion each year on a variety of goods. But childrens financial
12、muscle does not end there. Researchers estimate that children directly influence more than $40 billion in adult purchases each year. Another study found that children are extremely aware of brands and have considerable input into their parents selections of apparel, cereal, snacks, cars, videocasset
13、te recorders, televisions, and personal computers. Many children are involved in actual household purchasing, especially food; in a recent Teenage Research study, half the teen girls surveyed reported shopping for groceries at least once a week. Recognizing this indirect purchasing power that childr
14、en have, a growing number of marketers are approaching the youths directly. The National Dairy Board, for example, now airs milk commercials with youth appeal, and Procter Gamble has developed a Crest for Kids toothpaste. How did children acquire such buying power? Researchers point to several facto
15、rs. As the number of working couples and single-parent households increased, many parents shifted certain household responsibilities onto childrens shoulders. Thrust into adult roles, children have ended up with more influence over the familys purchases, and they also tend to spend increased amounts
16、 of money themselves. In addition, many older, professional couples have fewer children. These parents can afford to lavish more on their children, including extra spending money for such items as Fisher-Price Toys $255 childrens camcorder and the My First Sony line of electronics gear for children.
17、 The bandwagon effect is yet another factor: when one marketer begins to focus on children, competitors follow suit, encouraging even more childrens purchases. McDonalds Corp. , for example, has aimed advertisements for its hamburgers, meal kits, and parties at children for years; now Hardees Food S
18、ystems, Inc, and Wendys International Inc. are doing the same. Intelligent marketers realize that children actually represent three markets: current consumers, influential consumers, and future buyers. Because children are steadily developing brand awareness and product preferences that someday will
19、 translate into purchasing decisions, even companies not selling youth products per se are beginning to pay attention to children. Marketers are overcoming their traditional reluctance to sell directly to children, realizing that, out there somewhere, tomorrows big-ticket customer is playing video g
20、ames today. (分数:8.00)(1).The statement that children “have billions of dollars in incomeand spend most of it“ implies that children _. (分数:2.00)A.have no sense of value regarding moneyB.should not waste much of their moneyC.have the potential to buy more than ever beforeD.should not be given so much
21、 money by their parents(2).Which of the following is true regarding childrens buying behaviors? (分数:2.00)A.They are not influenced by advertising.B.They are careful about spending on fast food.C.They are not influenced by milk commercials.D.They are very much influenced by their friends.(3).It can b
22、e inferred from the passage that marketers believe children who develop “brand awareness when they are young will _. (分数:2.00)A.stay practical when it comes to buying productsB.be tired of the brands when they become adultsC.get used to buying those brands into adulthoodD.become interested in purcha
23、sing other products(4).Which of the following sums up the main idea of this passage? (分数:2.00)A.Children have great power as buyers and consumers.B.Children shoulder more houshold responsibilities.C.Children have more to say about family decisions.D.Children are important members of society.Framing
24、a problem in mythological terms can point toward solutions at deeper mythic levels. For centuries, the guiding myth of Western culture has been what might be called the “Grand Narrative of Progress. “ It is the story of movement toward a goal achievement, improvement, and conquest. Modern science an
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