ASTM D6517-2018 Standard Guide for Field Preservation of Ground Water Samples.pdf

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1、Designation: D6517 00 (Reapproved 2012)1D6517 18Standard Guide forField Preservation of Groundwater Ground Water Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6517; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in May 2012.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This guide covers methods for field preservat

3、ion of groundwater samples. ground water samples from the point of samplingthrough receipt at the laboratory. Laboratory preservation methods are not described in this guide. Purging and sampling techniquesare not addressed in this standard but are addressed in Guides D6564/D6564M, D6634/D6634M, D79

4、29, and Practice D6771.1.2 Ground water samples are subject to chemical, physical, and biological change relative to in situ conditions at the groundsurfaces due to exposure to ambient conditions during sample collection. Physical and chemical preservation of samples minimizefurther changes in sampl

5、e chemistry that can occur from the moment the ground water sample is retrieved, to the time it is removedfrom the sample container for extraction or analysis.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This gu

6、ide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circums

7、tances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replacethe standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be appliedwithout consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word“ Standard” in the title of this document m

8、eans only that thedocument has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address allof the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of

9、this standard to establish appropriatesafety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action.

10、 This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replacethe standard of care by which the adequacy of a given pro

11、fessional service must be judged, nor should this document be appliedwithout consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word“ Standard” in the title of this document means only that thedocument has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.6 This international standard was develop

12、ed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents

13、2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic ConstituentsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngin

14、eering Design and Construction1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and VadoseZone InvestigationsCurrent edition approved May 15, 2012Dec. 1, 2018. Published December 2012December 2018. Ori

15、ginally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20052012as D6517 00 (2005).(2012)1. DOI: 10.1520/D6517-00R12E01.10.1520/D6517-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolum

16、e information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequa

17、tely depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM In

18、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD5903 Guide for Planning and Preparing for a Groundwater Sampling EventD6089 Guide for Documenting a Groundwater Sampling EventD6564/D6564M Guide for Fie

19、ld Filtration of Groundwater SamplesD6634/D6634M Guide for Selection of Purging and Sampling Devices for Groundwater Monitoring WellsD6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality InvestigationsD7929 Guide for Selection of Passive Techniques for

20、Sampling Groundwater Monitoring Wells2.2 Other Documents:Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed., 19993International Air Transport Association Dangerous Goods Regulations4U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste, SW-846, 3rd ed. (with updates)U.S. EPA, Title 40, Code of Federal

21、 Regulations, Part 136 with updatesU.S. DOT, Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 172 with updates3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chemical preservationpr

22、eservation, nin ground water sampling, the addition of acidic, alkaline or biologically toxiccompounds, or combination thereof, to a groundwater ground water sample to prevent changes in chemical properties of the samplethat may occur after collection.3.2.2 holding timetime, nin ground water samplin

23、g, the maximum amount of time that may transpire from the moment asample container is filled to the time the sample is extracted or analyzed. Holding times are parameter-specific, variable in length,and defined by laboratory analytical methods.3.2.3 physical preservationmethods that are implemented

24、to protect the physical integrity of a groundwater sample from thetime the sample is collected until the sample is analyzed.3.2.3 temperature blankblank, nin ground water sampling, a quality control sample that is transported with samples and isused by the laboratory performing sample analyses to ve

25、rify that temperature-sensitive samples have been adequately cooled to4C for shipment to and arrival at the laboratory (see laboratory.Note 1).NOTE 1Forms of temperature blank include: (1) using a commercially prepared, fluid-filled bottle containing a permanently fixed National Instituteof Standard

26、s andTechnology(NIST)-certified (or NIST-traceable) thermometer, the temperature of which is read directly by the laboratory; (2) submissionof a designated sample container filled with water (for example, groundwater, distilled water, or deionized water) that is opened by the laboratory andimmediate

27、ly measured for temperature of the water using a National Institute of Standards and Technology-certified (or NIST-traceable) thermometer;or (3) submission of a designated container filled with water (for example, groundwater, distilled water, or deionized water) on which the laboratory usesa remote

28、 infrared temperature sensor to measure the temperature. Regardless of the method used, all measured temperatures are compared against therequired temperature for each sample (for example, 4C) in conjunction with a previously defined window of acceptable variance from this requiredtemperature as doc

29、umented in the sampling and analysis plan.3.2.3.1 DiscussionForms of temperature blank include: (1) using a commercially prepared, fluid-filled bottle containing a permanently fixed,calibrated, and certified thermometer, the temperature of which is read directly by the laboratory; (2) submission of

30、a designatedsample container filled with water (for example, ground water, distilled water, or deionized water) that is opened by the laboratoryand immediately measured for temperature of the water using a calibrated and certified thermometer; or (3) submission of adesignated container filled with w

31、ater (for example, ground water, distilled water, or deionized water) on which the laboratory usesa remote infrared temperature sensor to measure the temperature. Regardless of the method used, the measured temperatures arecompared against the required temperature for each sample in conjunction with

32、 a previously defined window of acceptablevariance from this required temperature as documented in the sampling and analysis plan.4. Significance and Use4.1 Groundwater Ground water samples are subject to chemical, physical, and biological change relative to in- situ conditionsat the ground surfaces

33、 as a result of exposure to ambient conditions during sample collection (for example, pressure, temperature,ultraviolet radiation, atmospheric oxygen, and contaminants) (1) (2).5 Physical and chemical preservation of samples minimize3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W

34、. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at

35、the end of this standard.D6517 182further changes in sample chemistry that can occur from the moment the groundwater ground water sample is retrieved, to the timeit is removed from the sample container for extraction or analysis, or both. Measures also mustshould be taken to preserve thephysical int

36、egrity of the sample container.4.2 The need for sample preservation for specific analytes should be defined prior to the sampling event and documented in thesite-specific sampling and analysis plan in accordance with Guide D5903. The decision to preserve a sample should be made ona parameter-specifi

37、c basis as defined by individual analytical methods.4.3 This guide includes examples from government documents in the United States. When work is in other countries or regions,the local governing or regulating agencies should be consulted.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard is

38、dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that

39、 compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliableresults depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5. Timing and Purpose of Groundwater Ground Water Sample Preservation5.1 Groundwater Ground water samples should be

40、preserved in the field at the time of sample collection using physical meansto prevent sample container breakage or temperature increases, and chemical means to minimize changes in groundwater groundwater sample chemistry prior to laboratory analysis.6. Groundwater Ground Water Sample Preservation P

41、rocedures6.1 Groundwater Ground water sample preservation procedures are grouped into two general categories: (1) physicalpreservation and (2) chemical preservation. Preservation procedures should address the following details on a parameter-specificbasis: sample container design and construction, p

42、rotection from ultraviolet light, temperature control, chemical addition, and pHcontrol measures (2).6.1.1 Physical Preservation of Groundwater Ground Water SamplesPhysical groundwater ground water sample preservationmethods include: (1) use of appropriate sample collection containers for each param

43、eter being analyzed, (2) use of appropriatepacking of sample containers for shipment to prevent sample container breakage and potential cross-contamination of samplesduring shipment, and (3) temperature control.6.1.1.1 Sample Container Selection SelectionProper selection of containers for groundwate

44、r ground water sample collectionis an important means of protecting the integrity of the sample. Specifications on container design, including shape, volume, gastightness, materials of construction, and use of cap liners, are defined for specific parameters or suites of parameters (for example,amber

45、 glass containers protect photosensitive analytes such as (PCBs) from chemical alteration). Specifications for samplecontainer selection are documented in parameter-specific analytical methods (for example, ASTM, U.S. EPA SW846, AWWAStandard Methods) as well as in Federal (40 CFR Part 136), state, s

46、tate and local regulatory guidelines on groundwater groundwater sample collection and preservation. The type of sample containers to be used in a sampling event should be determinedduring sampling event planning in accordance with Guide D5903 and documented in the sampling and analysis plan as descr

47、ibedin 8.1 of this guide and Guide D6089.6.1.1.2 Sample Container Packing and ShippingField personnel should package and ship samples in compliance with allapplicable regulations including the Department of Transportation (for example, Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 172)and the Internati

48、onal Air Transportation Association (IATA). applicable regional and national regulations. Sample containersshould be shipped in a manner that will ensure make sure the samples are received intact by the laboratory, at the appropriatetemperature, and as soon as possiblepracticable to allow sufficient

49、 time for the laboratory to perform the requested analyses withinthe holding time defined by the applicable laboratory analytical method for each parameter.NOTE 2If chain of custody is required by the sampling and analysis plan, the process should be initiated as the samples are taken in the field andmaintained throughout the process of shipping. See Guide D4840 for additional guidance.6.1.1.3 Temperature ControlSamples analyzed for some parameters (for example, nitrite) require temperature control. Thetemperature of these samples should be lowered to 4