ASTM D635-2018 Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position.pdf

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1、Designation: D635 14D635 18Standard Test Method forRate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning ofPlastics in a Horizontal Position1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o

2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This fi

3、re-test-response test method covers a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative linear rateof burning or extent and time of burning, or both, of plastics in the form of bars, molded or cut from sheets, plates, or panels, andtested in the horizontal position.NOTE 1This tes

4、t method, and test method A of IEC 60695-11-10 are technically equivalent.NOTE 2For additional information on materials which do not burn to the first reference mark by this test, see Test Method D3801.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliance

5、s. The results are intendedto serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The finalacceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standard applicable to suchequipment.1.3 The cl

6、assification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of componentmaterials for products.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard is used to measure an

7、d describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not pu

8、rport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific haz

9、ards statements, see 9.2.9.2.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organiza

10、tion Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1929 Test Method fo

11、r Determining Ignition Temperature of PlasticsD2843 Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of PlasticsD3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-S

12、cale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsD5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20mm (50W) and 125mm (500W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning Tests onPlastic Materials1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on

13、 Thermal Properties (SectionD20.30.03).Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2014November 2018. Originally approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 20102014as D635 10.D635 14. DOI: 10.1520/D0635-14.10.1520/D0635-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theA

14、STM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an i

15、ndication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to b

16、e considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE176 Terminol

17、ogy of Fire StandardsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodE2935 Practice for Conducting Equivalence Testing in Laboratory Applications2.2 IEC Standards:3IEC 60695-11-10 Fire Hazard TestingP

18、art 11-10 Test Flames50W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods2.3 ICC Codes:4IBC International Building Code (2018)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this test method are in accordance with the definitions in Terminology D883, unless otherwisespecified. For terms relat

19、ing to fire, the definitions terms used in this test method are in accordance with the definitions inTerminology E176. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the terms used in this test method are inaccordance with the definitions in Terminology E176E456.4. Summary of Test M

20、ethod4.1 A bar specimen of the material to be tested is supported horizontally at one end. The free end is exposed to a specified gasflame for 30 s. Time and extent of burning are measured and reported if the specimen does not burn 100 mm. An average burningrate is reported for a material if it burn

21、s to the 100 mm mark from the ignited end.5. Significance and Use5.1 Tests made on a material under conditions herein prescribed are of value in comparing the rate of burning or extent and timeof burning characteristics, or both, of different materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, or as

22、a measure of deteriorationor change in these burning characteristics prior to or during use. Correlation with flammability under actual use conditions is notimplied.5.2 The rate of burning and other burning phenomena will be affected by such factors as density, pigments, any anisotropy ofthe materia

23、l and the thickness of the specimen. Test data shall be compared only for specimens of similar thickness, whethercomparisons are being made with the same or different materials. The rate of burning and other burning phenomena will vary withthickness.5.3 It is feasible that sheet materials that have

24、been stretched during processing will relax during burning and give erratic resultsunless they are first heated above their deflection temperature, in accordance with Test Method D648, for a time sufficient to permitcomplete relaxation.5.4 Burning tests require that certain variables be arbitrarily

25、fixed, for example, specimen size, energy source and applicationtime, and end points. Materials will be found that are unusually sensitive to one or more of the conditions chosen for this methodleading to highly variable results.Additional burning characterization by other methods is highly desirabl

26、e in such cases (see Note2).5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to specific laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions aresubstituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not always be possible by or from this test to predict changes in thefire-test-response ch

27、aracteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described inthis procedure.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, enclosed laboratory hood, or chamber free of induced or forced draft during test, having an inside volumeof at least 0.5 m3. An enclosed labora

28、tory hood with a heat-resistant glass window for observing the test and an exhaust fan forremoving the products of combustion after the tests is recommended. The atmosphere in and around the test chamber shall bemaintained between 15 to 35C and 75 % relative humidity.NOTE 3The amount of oxygen avail

29、able to support combustion is naturally important for the conduct of these fire-test-response tests. For testsconducted by this test method when burning times are protracted, chamber sizes less than 1 m3 may not provide accurate results.NOTE 4Some laboratory hoods have induced drafts even with the e

30、xhaust fan off. A positive-closing damper is recommended.NOTE 5A mirror in the chamber, to provide a rear view of the specimen, has been found useful in some enclosures.3 Publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are

31、available from American NationalStandards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4 Available from International Code Council (ICC), 500 New Jersey Ave., NW, 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.iccsafe.org.D635 1826.2 Test Fixture, A laboratory ring stand or test fixtu

32、re equipped with a means of holding a 125 mm2 wire gauze horizontal anda small clamp permitting the specimen to be held with its longitudinal axis horizontal and its transverse axis inclined at 45 6 2angle as illustrated in Fig. 1.NOTE 6A pan of water may be placed on the floor of the hood in positi

33、on to catch any burning particles that may drop during the test.6.3 Laboratory Burner, constructed in accordance with Specification D5025.6.4 Gas Supply, a supply of technical-grade methane gas with suitable regulator and meter for uniform gas flow. Natural gasmixtures having an energy density of ap

34、proximately 37 MJ/m3 have been found to provide similar results. However,technical-grade methane gas shall be used as the referee in cases of dispute.6.5 Wire Gauze, 20-mesh (approximately 20 openings per 25 mm), made with 0.43 6 0.03 mm diameter iron wire cut toapproximately 125 mm2, to sustain bur

35、ning or glowing particles falling from the specimens.6.6 Timing Device, accurate to 0.5 s.6.7 Scale, graduated in millimetres.millimeters.6.8 Micrometer, accurate to 0.05 mm.6.9 Conditioning Room or Chamber, capable of being maintained at 23 6 2C and 50 6 10 % relative humidity.6.10 Flexible Specime

36、n Support Fixture, used to facilitate the testing of specimens that sag and touch the wire gauze. (See 9.4and Fig. 2.)7. Test Specimens7.1 All test specimens shall be cut from a representative sample of the material (sheet or end products), or shall be cast orinjection-, compression-, transfer- or p

37、ultrusion-molded to the necessary form. After any cutting operation, care shall be taken toremove all dust and any particles from the surface; cut edges shall be fine sanded to have a smooth finish. Unless otherwise agreed,fabrication of test specimens shall be in accordance with the specifications

38、of the material being tested.7.2 Specimens shall be 125 6 5 mm long by 13.0 6 0.5 mm wide, and provided in the minimum thickness and in the 3.0 (0.0+0.2) mm thickness. The 3.0 mm thick specimens are not necessary if the minimum thickness is greater than 3.0 mm, or theFIG. 1 Test FixtureD635 183maxim

39、um thickness is less than 3.0 mm. The maximum thickness shall not exceed 13 mm. The maximum width shall not exceed13.5 mm. The edges shall be smooth, and the radius on the corners shall not exceed 1.3 mm.7.3 It is possible that the results of tests carried out on test specimens of different colors,

40、thicknesses, densities, molecularmasses, directions of anisotropy and types, or with different additives, fillers/reinforcements will be different.7.3.1 Test specimens in the minimum and maximum densities, melt flows and level of fillers/reinforcements contents shall beconsidered representative of t

41、he range, if the results yield the same flame test classification. If the burning characteristics are notessentially the same for all specimens representing the range, the evaluation is to be limited only to the materials in the densities,melt flows, and fillers/reinforcements contents tested. Addit

42、ional specimens in the intermediate densities, melt flows, andfillers/reinforcements contents are to be tested.7.3.2 Uncolored test specimens and test specimens with the highest level of organic and inorganic pigment loading by weightare considered representative of the color range, if the test resu

43、lts are essentially the same. When certain pigments are known toaffect flammability characteristics, they are also to be tested. Specimens to be tested are those that:(a) contain no coloring(b) contain the highest level of organic pigments(c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments(d) contai

44、n pigments which are known to adversely affect flammability characteristics8. Conditioning8.1 Condition ten bar specimens for each material and thickness to be tested in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618for a minimum of 48 hours. Once removed from the conditioning atmosphere test the spec

45、imens within 1 h. Temperature andhumidity tolerances shall be in accordance with Section 7 of Practice D618.8.2 Conduct testing in a laboratory atmosphere of 15 to 35C and 75 % relative humidity.9. Procedure9.1 Prepare at least ten bar specimens. After measuring and recording the specimen thickness,

46、 mark each specimen with twolines perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bar, 25 6 1 and 100 6 1 mm from the end that is to be ignited.9.2 Conduct the burning test in a chamber, enclosure, or laboratory hood free of induced or forced draft. (WarningProductsof combustion are potentially toxic.

47、An enclosed laboratory hood and an exhaust fan for removing the products of combustion afterthe tests are recommended. The exhaust fan is turned off during the test and turned on immediately following the test in order toremove products of combustion.)9.3 Clamp the specimen at the end farthest from

48、the 25 mm reference mark, in a support with its longitudinal axis horizontaland its transverse axis inclined at 45 6 2 as illustrated in Fig. 1. Clamp the wire gauze horizontally beneath the specimen, witha distance of 10 6 1 mm between the lowest edge of the specimen and the wire gauze, and with th

49、e free end of the specimen evenwith the edge of the gauze. Any material remaining on the wire gauze from the previous test must be burned off or a new sectionof wire gauze used for each test.9.4 If the specimen sags at its free end during the initial set up and is not able to maintain the distance of 10 6 1 mm as specifiedin 9.2, the flexible specimen support fixture illustrated in Fig. 2 shall be used. Position the support fixture under the specimen withthe small extending portion of the support fixture at least 20 mm from the free end of the specimen. P