SANS 10080-2009 The rodentproofing of buildings《建筑物的防腐蚀》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22191-1 SANS 10080:2009Edition 2.2Any reference to SABS 080 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 No

4、vember 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD The rodentproofing of buildings Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 10080:2009 Edition 2.2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope

5、 Amdt 1 1975 Amended to delete reference to SABS 018 and replace by reference to SABS 0124. Amdt 2 2009 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards, and to remove reference to South Africa in relation to the position of a health officer. Forword This South African standard

6、was approved by National Committee SABS TC 59, Construction standards, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in February 2009. This document supersedes SABS 080:1972 (first revision). A vertical

7、line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 2. Preface Rodents are found throughout South Africa in both urban areas and open country. Because of the diseases they can spread (particularly plague and food poisoning) and their destructive habits, rodents are

8、 regarded as the enemy of man. Control of rodents may be divided into measures for: a) direct extermination (such as trapping, poison baiting, or fumigation); b) indirect extermination (by denial of access to food and to hiding places (harbourage) where they can breed undisturbed); c) facilitating r

9、odent control (by, for instance, the method of staking and storing of materials and merchandise). This code is concerned with the application in buildings of measures to deny rodents access to food (water also where practicable) and harbourage and to deny them entry into the buildings. A knowledge o

10、f the habits and capabilities of rodents will help in the planning of a campaign of extermination, and information on these will be found in appendix B. Recommended methods of control that have been well tried are described in appendix C, while suggestions for stacking and storing so as to facilitat

11、e rodent control will be found in appendix D. In terms of the Public Health Act, 1919 (Act No. 36 of 1919) the onus rests upon the owners or occupiers of land or buildings to take the necessary steps to render buildings rodentproof and to destroy rodents; the Act empowers local authorities to legisl

12、ate for the taking of necessary measures. This code is intended to be of use in implementing the provisions of legislations and must not be regarded as replacing any provisions or making compliance with them unnecessary. It should be noted that before existing buildings are altered or added to, or n

13、ew buildings erected, plans in compliance with the local by-laws must be submitted to the local authority for approval. SANS 10080:2009 Edition 2.2 1 Contents Page Foreword Preface 1 Scope . 3 2 Definitions 3 3 The site 4 4 New buildings . 4 5 Furniture, fittings, and built-in cupboards . 11 6 Roden

14、tproofing and maintenance of existing buildings . 11 Figures 1 to 8 12-19 Appendix A Applicable standards . 20 Appendix B Information on rodents found in South Africa: their habits and capabilities 20 Appendix C Recommended well-tried methods of control 23 Appendix D Suggestions for the stacking and

15、 storing of merchandise and materials to facilitate rodent control 30 SANS 10080:2009 Edition 2.2 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 10080:2009 Edition 2.2 3 The rodentproofing of buildings 1 Scope 1.1 This code of practice deals with the conditioning of building sites and with details of

16、building construction which facilitate the rodentproofing of buildings. NOTE The titles of standards referred to by number in the specification are given in appendix A. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this code of practice the following definitions shall apply: finished ground surface the permanen

17、t surface of the ground adjoining or under the building as distinct from the ground surface before commencement of building operations interspace any wholly or partly enclosed space not intended for use by human beings or animals masonry an assembly of structural units (bonded together) of natural s

18、tone, cast stone, brick, concrete, or similar building units class A material or construction a material or construction which cannot be penetrated by rodents even when gnawable edges are accessible NOTE The term includes a material or construction which is accepted as class A by the local National

19、Health Officer, and a material or construction which, after being tested in accordance with SANS 5419, is classified as having an A degree of rodentproofness. Amdt 2 class B material or construction a material or construction which, after being tested in accordance with SANS 5419, is classified as h

20、aving a B, C, D, or E degree of rodentproofness SANS 10080:2009 Edition 2.2 4 3 The site 3.1 If buildings are to be kept free from rodents, it is necessary to control the site. In any case of doubt the local authority should be consulted as to the methods to be adopted. The following measures are re

21、commended: a) Feedstuffs, food waste, and refuse should be stored in weather-resistant containers of class A construction, having close-fitting lids or doors. b) Garden refuse should be buried, composted, or removed at intervals of not more than one week. c) Junk, rubble, and other waste materials w

22、hich could afford harbourage should not be allowed to accumulate. Other material should be stacked in such a manner that it provides minimum harbourage for rodents and allows easy access for their control (see appendix D). d) Poultry houses, aviaries, stables, and places of a similar nature should h

23、ave floors of class A construction and should be kept clean; manure should be collected daily and only minimum quantities of seed, grain, and forage should be put out at one time. e) Disused drains, pipes, and ducts should be removed from the site or properly disconnected and sealed, and all cavitie

24、s, holes, etc. filled in with solid class A material so that no harbourage for rodents remains. f) Dense vegetation, especially hedges, should be so trimmed that the harbourage is reduced and visibility for control purposes is improved. Creepers and overhanging trees providing means of access to a b

25、uilding (particularly to the windows and roofs) should be trimmed. g) Dilapidated buildings, rooms, walls, floors, etc. should either be completely removed or restored. h) No interspaces should be allowed in sheeted fences, and interspaces between buildings should be avoided or should be sealed with

26、 class A material. i) Any opening giving access to excavations, tunnels, disused mineworkings, or similar places which may provide harbourage for rodents should be closed by the installation of corrosion-resistant screens of class A construction or by another satisfactory method. 4 New buildings 4.1

27、 General In new buildings it is usually comparatively easy to incorporate rodentproofing at the design and construction stages. Health authorities may require the shell of every building to be completely of class A construction. In the case of domestic buildings the health authorities, after taking

28、into consideration the area and environment, may allow a class B construction. Any food storage facilities in a building should be of class A construction. Interspaces within the building which could afford harbourage to rodents should be protected, but for this purpose, because rodent attack would

29、not be heavy, class B material may be used. (Materials which are penetrable by rodents can be used in class A constructions provided that they are protected as detailed in this code.) All interspaces of width or height at least 450 mm should be provided with easy means of access for inspection purpo

30、ses. External access doors to such interspaces should be of class A materials or be, like internal access doors, of class B materials of which all free edges are protected by class A material. Such doors should be kept closed. SANS 10080:2009 Edition 2.2 5 The walls and floors of the building presen

31、t fewer problems than do the necessary openings in them and the interspaces between the various parts of the building. 4.2 Foundation Foundations cannot be relied upon to prevent entry of rodents to below-floor spaces (see appendix B, B.3.4), but the following should be observed: a) Materials. Mater

32、ials should be of class A quality, i.e. concrete or masonry should be sufficiently hard. For footings of minimum dimensions for single storey houses, a concrete mix of proportion 1 : 3 : 6, hard burnt brick, or hard stone masonry should be used. b) Joints. Mortar joints thicker than 10 mm should be

33、completely filled with mortar of a mix not weaker than 1 part cement to 6 parts sand; or 1 part cement to 1 part lime and 6 parts sand. c) Width and depth of foundation footings. Because it is not practicable to construct foundations wide enough and deep enough to completely prevent the access of ro

34、dents to below-floor spaces by burrowing, access (for inspection purposes) to below-floor spaces should be provided by means of access doors (see 4.1) and by making the under-side of the floor at least 450 mm above ground level at all points. 4.3 External walls 4.3.1 Inherently class A walls A wall

35、of brick, stone, solid concrete blocks, or cast-in-situ concrete may be considered to be of class A quality when the thicknesses and details of joints are as shown in figure 1 and they, and the proportions of mortar or of mix, are as follows: a) a wall at least 110 mm thick of hard burnt bricks with

36、 a minimum crushing strength of 14 MPa or of weaker bricks which have been proved by test to provide a class A construction with no joints wider than 10 mm, or two joints wider than 10 mm completely filled with mortar of a mix not weaker than 1 part cement to 6 parts sand; or 1 part cement to 1 part

37、 lime and 6 parts sand; or with a mortar of weaker mix which has been shown by test to provide a class A construction; b) a wall of concrete blocks of nominal thickness at least 100 mm and with a minimum crushing strength of 7 MPa, or of weaker blocks which have been shown by test to provide a class

38、 A construction; c) a concrete wall at least 100 mm thick of a mix not weaker than 1 : 2 : 4, or a concrete wall at least 150 mm thick of a mix not weaker than 1 : 3 : 6, or a concrete wall of thickness and of mix proved by test to be a class A construction. Walls made of materials (other than the m

39、asonry materials discussed) that have been proved to be of class A quality need no protection other than at the joints between the units or sheets and at openings. 4.3.2 Other walls Walls of materials that are known or proved by test to be not rodentproof should have a class A membrane incorporated

40、in their thickness as shown in figure 2. If they are of hollow construction, walls should be so protected on all sides of the cavities as to deny rodents access to this harbourage. The membrane should be sufficiently close-fitting to ensure that no harbourage occurs between the class A membrane and

41、the wall covering on the interior or the exterior surface of the wall. The extent of the protection required will depend on the circumstances. If the wall surfaces are smooth and cannot be climbed by rodents and if there is no stacked material, shelving, or other SANS 10080:2009 Edition 2.2 6 object

42、 on which rodents can climb, within 450 mm of the surface of the wall (see appendix D), the membrane need only extend to 225 mm above the level of the floor, skirting board, or other feature on which a rodent could stand. Where there is shelving or stacked material within 450 mm of the wall or where

43、 there are other means of access to higher parts of the wall, the membrane should extend to 225 mm above the top of such features and to 225 mm beyond the end of a shelf or similar feature which does not extend for the full length of the wall. Remember that temporary features (such as clothing hangi

44、ng against a wall) may provide access for rodents. The whole area of walls whose surfaces can be climbed by rodents needs protection. The lower edge of the membrane should in all cases be secured against the top of the foundation wall or beam by being turned in under the outer or the inner face of t

45、he wall or under the wall plate. Where door, window, or vent openings occur in the wall, the protective material should be closely fitted to door or window frames. Where the ends of beams or trusses penetrate cavity walls and the openings are not closed by walling, they should be protected by class

46、A material. These measures are illustrated in figures 1 and 3. 4.3.3 Beam-filling Beam-filling should be done as illustrated in figures 1 and 3. Wire netting should be so embedded in the mortar on top of the beam-filling as to reinforce it and prevent pieces of mortar from breaking off. The mortar s

47、hould not be weaker than a 1 cement : 1 lime : 6 sand mix. 4.3.4 Protection against physical damage In a building in or around which hand trucks or powered vehicles are used, external walls of sheeted construction should be protected against physical damage resulting from the impact of moving object

48、s. This can be done (as illustrated in figure 4) by building the sheeted wall on a substantial solid masonry or reinforced concrete wall 225 mm high above ground level or floor level (higher where necessary) and at least 225 mm thick if only light barrows are used, and at least 350 mm thick if heavy

49、 hand trucks or powered vehicles are used. External protection may also be provided by means of flowerbeds, kerbing, or rails. 4.4 Internal walls, partitions, and skirtings 4.4.1 Internal walls The impacts to which light internal walls of buildings of the warehouse, workshop, or factory class are likely to be subjected should be considered when deciding on the material and type of construction to be used. The proposed construction should be tested to ensure that it is capable of withstanding the probable maximum impact; otherwise it will not retain its class A quality in use. Permanent gu