SAE HS-215-1995 SAE Motor Vehicle Safety and Environmental Terminology《SAE机动车辆安全和环境术语1995版》.pdf

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1、SAE HS-215 SAE Motor Vehicle Safety and Environmental Terminology 1995 Edition HS-215 Published by: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Phone: (412) 776-4841 Fax: (412) 776-5760 Copyright O 1995 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All right

2、s reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 1-56091-574-9 Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by SAE for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the b

3、ase fee of $SO per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923. Special requests should be addressed to the SAE Publications Group. 1-5609 1-574-9195 $SO. Preface This Terminology is a compendium of motor vehicle safety and environmental engineering words and phrases, and their

4、 definitions. They have been extracted verbatim from SAE Standards, Recommended Practices, and Information Reports, published in the 1994 SAE Handbook. An Appendix contains a listing, in J-number sequence, of the reports from which the terms were extracted. The terms are reported as they were develo

5、ped and reported by SAE technical committees concerned with passenger cars, trucks, and certain recreational vehicles, and their related components, systems, operation, and maintenance. No attempt was made to edit the terms as they appear in the reports. Thus some inconsistencies in phrase and forma

6、t may be encountered. This does not diminish the usefulness of the Terminology as an engineering language resource. It is a viable compilation of terms which automotive engineering specialists who serve on the committees have developed or adopted to facilitate communication among themselves and with

7、 other technologies and professions. The Terminology incorporates a “permuted term index”; that is, the alphabetical listing of each significant word within a multiple word term, e.g.: Base term - School Bus Warning Lamps Permuted terms - Bus Warning Lamps, School - Lamps, School Bus Warning - Warni

8、ng Lamps, School Bus This, the 1995 Edition of the Terminology has been improved by: The addition of over 300 new and revised terms and phrases, adopted by SAE committees, and published in the SAE Handbook since 1989. The addition of terms relating to: o O O O New vehicle lighting systems Vehicles a

9、nd equipment modifications for disabled drivers and passengers Recycling and reclamation of vehicles, parts and materials Bar coding for vehicle components The Terminology continues to serve another valuable function by providing a basis for improving automotive engineering terminology in the safety

10、 and environmental sectors. SAE Committees are encouraged to use its contents in the review of words and phrases used in their respective areas, and to determine whether additions or revisions might be made which could enhance comprehension and communication. in this regard, the SAE Information Repo

11、rt, ?Guidelines for Developing and Revising S AE Nomenclature and Definitions,? SAE J1115, can be of assistance. Comments on specific terms and definitions can be directed to the originating SAE Committee or to the Editorial Advisory Committee of the SAE Technical Board. While this Terminology is pr

12、imarily derived from SAE reports related to on- highway vehicle safety and environmental areas, there are many other SAJ3 reports and manuals containing specific and generalized glossaries pertaining to off-highway vehicles, aeronautical and aerospace vehicles, and related components, materials and

13、systems. Information on these can be obtained from: SAE Publications Group SAE Headquarters 400 Commonwealth Dr. Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 Tel. 412-7764841 Fax 412-776-5760 Motor Vehicle Safety and Environmental Terminology A-Pillar - Any roof support forward of the SgRP. Note: It includes nontransp

14、arent items such as windshield mouldings and door frames, attached to or continuous with such a support. (SAE J1050.) A/B Ratio-An A/B ratio is the quantity of fuel consumed by Vehicle “A” during a test run divided by the quantity of fuel consumed by Vehicle “B” on the same test run. (SAE 51526.) Ab

15、erration, Chromatic - See Chromatic Aberration. Ability, Grade - See Grade Ability. ABS- See Antilock Brake System. ABS, Add-on System-See Add-on ABS System. ABS System, Integrated - See Integrated ABS System. Absolute Humidity - Ambient water vapor pressure (Pa), or dew point tempera- ture (tdp), t

16、he temperature at which moist air becomes saturated (100% relative humidity) with water vapor (Psdp=Pa) when cooled at constant pressure. (SAE 52234.) Absolute Pressure, Barometric (BAP) -See Barometric Absolute Pressure Absolute Pressure Sensor, Intake-Manifold (IMAPS) -See Intake-Manifold Absorbed

17、 Horsepower - Total horsepower absorbed by the absorption unit of the dynamometer and by the frictional components of the dynamometer. (SAE J1094.) Absorbed Horsepower at 50 mph (80.5 km/h) Road Load-The dynamometer setting values for various inertia weight vehicles published in the Federal Regis- t

18、er. (SAE J2094.) (BAP). Absolute Pressure Sensor. Absorber, Hydraulic Energy - See Hydraulic Energy Absorber. Absorber, Mechanical Energy -See Mechanical Energy Absorber. Absorber, Shock- See Shock Absorber. Absorber, Spring Loaded Energy -See Spring Loaded Energy Absorber. Absorber, Torsional Dampe

19、r or Vibration - See Torsional Damper or Vibration Acceleration-(1) Acceleration of a point is the time rate of change of the veloci- Absorber. ty of the point. 1 Acceleration Acceleration (continued) In simple harmonic vibration, the maximum acceleration, a, = da (SAE 5670.) (2) The time rate of ch

20、ange of velocity. (SAE 51451.) Acceleration, Lateral - See Lateral Acceleration. Acceleration, Longitudinal - See Longitudinal Acceleration. Acceleration Smoke Limiter-A device which limits the smoke of a diesel en- gine during acceleration by temporarily limiting the amount of fuel injected into th

21、e engine cylinders during speed and/or load transients below the steady-state limit. (SAE 5830.) Acceleration, Transducer - See Transducer Acceleration. Accelerator Heel Point (AHP) -Accelerator heel point is located at the intersec- tion of the two-or three-dimensional device heel point and the dep

22、ressed floor covering with the shoe on the undepressed accelerator pedal and the foot angle at a minimum of 87 deg. For vehicles with SgRP to heel (H30) greater than 18 in, the accelerator pedal may be depressed as specified by the manufacturer. If the depressed pedal is used, the foot must be flat

23、on the accelerator pedal. (SAE 51100 and SAE 5287.) Accelerator, Left Foot - See Left Foot Accelerator. Accelerator Position Sensor (APS) -The sensor portion of the physical device used to convert the accelerator position into an electrical signal. (SAE 51843.) Accelerometer, G-Switch/, G-Sensor - S

24、ee G-Switch/Accelerometer G-Snsor. Access Angles, Recovery Point - See Recovery Point Access Angles. Access Path -The minimum open area between horizontal and vertical areas through which a person must pass while entering or exiting a vehicle. (SAE 52094.) Accessory Controls - Those controls not rel

25、ated to vehicle movement, operable by the driver or passenger, that regulate the environment of the vehicle, includ- ing heater/air conditioner, window regulator, vent, sun visor, seat positioner, ra- dio, door lock, cigarette lighter, courtesy light, and any controls associated with wheelchair lift

26、s, door openers, wheelchair restraints, etc. (SAE 52094.) Accommodation - The process by which the eye changes focus from an object at one distance to an object at another distance. (SAE 5264.) Accommodation Ball of Foot Reference Point-A point on the pedal plane 203 mm from the Accommodation Heel R

27、eference Point. This point defines the ver- tical reference plane in side view for locating both the Accommodation Tool 2 Ac kerman Accommodation Ball of Foot Reference Point (continued) Reference Line and the Driver Selected Seat Position Lines for Class A vehicles. ( SAE 51517.) Accommodation Heel

28、 Reference Point, Class A- A point on the pedal plane that intersects the depressed floor covering below the accelerator pedal. This point defines the horizontal reference plane in side view for locating both the Accommodation Tool Reference Line and the Driver Selected Seat Position Lines for Class

29、 A vehicles. (SAE JI51 7.) Accommodation Heel Reference Point, Class B-A point on the pedal plane that intersects the depressed floor covering below the accelerator pedal. This point defines both the horizontal and vertical reference planes in side view for locating both the Accommodation Tool Refer

30、ence Line and the Driver Selected Seat Position Lines for Class B vehicles. (SAE 51517.) Accommodation Tool Reference Line, Vehicle - See Vehicle Accommodation Tool Reference Line. Accommodation Tool Reference Point, Vehicle - See Vehicle Accommodation Accumulator - (i) A storage container for press

31、urized fluid. (SAE 5656.) Tool Reference Point. (2) A device to maintain fuel system pressure after the fuel pump is turned off. The device may also dampen pressure fluctuations and fuel pump noise during normal system operation. (SAE 51541 .) Accumulator High Pressure - An energy storage device usi

32、ng pressurized brake fluid as the storage medium. (SAE 52246.) Accumulator Low Pressure (Sump) -A low pressure brake fluid storage device not intended as an energy source. (SAE 52246.) Accurate Rated Bulb - (i) A seasoned bulb operated at design mean spherical candlepower and having its filament(s)

33、positioned within 20.25 mm, and with its pins oriented within 55 deg, of nominal design positions. Rated bulbs shall be seasoned at rated voltage for 1% of their design life or 10 h maximum. (SAE 5387.) (2) A bulb operated at design mean spherical candela and having its filament(s) within IO.010 in

34、(0.25 mm) of nominal design position. This applies to Nos. 1156, 1157, and 1157NA only. Rated bulbs shall be seasoned at rated voltage for 1% of their design life or 10 h maximum. (SAE 5573.) Achromatic - Lacking in hue and saturation. Achromatic visual experiences vary only in luminance (from black

35、 to white). (SAE 5264.) Achromatic, White - See White (Achromatic). Acids, Organic - See Organic Acids. Ackerman Steer Angle Gradient-The rate of change of Ackerrnan steer angle with respect to change in steady-state lateral acceleration on a level road at a given trim and test condition. (SAE 5670.

36、) 3 Ackerman Ackerman Steer Angle -(a) is the angle whose tangent is the wheelbase divid- ACRS (Air Cushion Restrain System) - See Inflatable Restrain System. Active Seat Belt System-A belt system that requires action (Le., donning/ doffing by the vehicle occupant). (SAE 51834.) Actual H-Point-The a

37、ctual H-point is located in an actual vehicle by the H-point on the three-dimensional H-point machine with the 95th percentile leg installed in any designated seating position per instructions in SAE 5826 and can be di- mensionally located by coordinates relative to the three-dimensional reference s

38、ystem. (SAE 51100.) Actual Horsepower - The actual horsepower is the load horsepower which in- cludes the friction in the dynamometer bearings and inertia simulation mecha- nism. (SAE 51263.) Actuation and Arrest-The use of the controls which causes the windshield washer system to begin and cease op

39、eration. (SAE 51944.) ed by the radius of turn. (SAE 5670.) Actuation Distance, Brake System -See Brake System Actuation Distance. Actuation Principle Pump Back- An ABS system configuration where during modulation control, low pressure brake fluid is restored to high pressure by a pump and made avai

40、lable for a subsequent build cycle. The total amount of flu- id available for modulation control for a given stop is limited to the amount of fluid supplied by the master cylinder for that particular stop. (SAE 52246.) Actuation Principle Replenishment - An ABS system configuration employing an exte

41、rnal source of high pressure fluid in addition to displaced master cylinder fluid for modulation control. This type of system has virtually an unlimited sup- ply of high pressure fluid available during modulation control. (SAE 52246.) Actuation Time, Brake System - See Brake System Actuation Time. A

42、ctuator, Brake - See Brake Actuator. Actuator, Combination Brake - See Combination Brake Actuator Actuator, Parking Brake - See Parking Brake Actuator Actuator, Service Brake - See Service Brake Actuator Actuator, Spring Type Brake - See Spring Type Brake Actuator. Acuity, Stereo - See Stereo Acuity

43、. Acuity, Visual - See Visual Acuity. Adaptation-The process by which the retina becomes accustomed to more or less light than it was exposed to during an immediately preceding period. It is a change in the sensitivity of the photoreceptors as a function of preexposure to light. (SAE 5264.) 4 Aerody

44、namic Adaptation, Dark- See Dark Adaptation and Dark Adaptation (Scotopic Eye Re- sponse). Adaptation, Light - See Light Adaptation and Light Adaptation (Photopic Eye Response). Adapter Ring- Often referred to as an intermediate ring. Normally used with two plate clutches that are used with flat typ

45、e engine flywheels to drive the interme- diate plate. (SAE 51479.) Adapter, Seal - See Seal Adapter. Adaptive Device, Automotive - See Automotive Adaptive Device. Adaptive Memory - A feature often used in electronic feedback aidfuel control systems electronic control strategy. Aidfuel ratio values a

46、re dynamically updat- ed during engine operation and used as reference parameters to control other en- gine operating functions, i.e., timing, mixture, throttle modulation. (SAE 51145.) Add-on ABS System-An ABS system configuration in which the ABS power supply and modulation control functions are i

47、ndependent from the base actua- tion system. The components of this system may be packaged together or sepa- rately. (SAE 52246.) Adjustable Seats, Eyellipse and Head Locator Line - See Eyellipse and Head Locator Line. Adjuster, Seat-See Seat Adjuster. Adjuster, Slack- See Slack Adjuster. Adjusting

48、Ring-A threaded ring inside the clutch cover assembly used to move the internal parts of the cover assembly and release bearing to compensate for wear of facings. (SAE 52479.) Adjusting Screw, Pressure (Shims) - See Pressure Adjusting Screw. Adjustment (Calibration) -Fixing fuel delivery and speed a

49、djustments to speci- fied engine requirements. (SAE 5830.) Adjustment Hardware - Hardware designed for adjusting the belt assembly to fit the user, including such hardware that may be integral with a buckle, attach- ment hardware, or retractor. (SAE 51834.) Adjustment Hardware, Seat Belt - See Seat Belt Hardware. Advance, Spark- See Spark Advance. Aerodynamic Angle of Attack (a,) -The angle between the vehicle x-axis and the trace of the resultant air velocity vector on a vertical plane containing the vehicle x-axis. (SAE J670.) Aerodynamic Drag Force-A force opposite to the direction of t