2019中考英语一轮复习完形填空之词义辨析练习课件人教新目标版.pptx

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1、完形填空之词义辨析,英语中有很多谚语，其中也不乏一些和“水果”有关表达，今天就总结了几个和“香蕉”有关的谚语,1. banana skin,1. banana skin 这个词组原义为香蕉皮，踩到了香蕉皮上滑倒，一定是非常糗、非常丢人的事；所以后来这个词的意思就变为 “令人尴尬的错误；出洋相”。eg.The issue was a potential banana skin for management. 这一问题可能会让管理部门出洋相。,2. go bananas,2. go bananas我们都知道，猴子见到香蕉会很兴奋，还又叫又跳的。这个习惯用语就来自这儿，除了指猴子，后来也用来形容人遇

2、到一些事非常兴奋激动，也就是“变兴奋、变疯狂”之意。eg.Please stop talking about that, Ill go bananas.别再说这个了，我真的要疯了。,3. to drive (someone) bananas,3. to drive (someone) bananas这个词组可不是像开车一样 “开”香蕉，而是 “惹怒某人，使某人疯狂”的意思。eg.She had driven her brother bananas.她要把她哥哥逼疯了。,4. top banana /second banana,4. top banana 领袖，领导 /second banana

3、 下属eg.Pikachu is the top banana in this big company, and my sister is his second banana now.这家大公司的老板是皮卡丘， 我姐姐现在是他的下属。,思考：请谈谈下列完形填空考题特点？King Akbar was in the habit of putting riddles and puzzles to his people. He often asked 36 which were strange. His people had to use words in a 37 way to answer the

4、se questions.( ) 36. A. questions B. help C. promise D. advice ( ) 37. A. common B. friendly C. clever D. silent,思考：请谈谈下列完形填空考题特点？King Akbar was in the habit of putting riddles and puzzles to his people. He often asked 36 which were strange. His people had to use words in a 37 way to answer these qu

5、estions.( ) 36. A. questions B. help C. promise D. advice ( ) 37. A. common B. friendly C. clever D. silent本类题的设置特点是，各选项代入空中后该句的语法都是正确的，但是句子出现了几种不同的含义。在做这类题时，考生要认真比较各词之间的细微差别。,【注意】不熟悉词语的用法和区别，尤其是同义词语的用法比较，对固定搭配不熟练或记忆不准，都会造成很大的阅读障碍和错误选择，因而考生平时学习时要注重词义辨析，这是完形填空中的难点。 【例】He gets on the bus at the bus st

6、op, rides it to University Avenue, 23 , and walks to his office. A. gets on B. gets off C. gets away D. gets down,【注意】不熟悉词语的用法和区别，尤其是同义词语的用法比较，对固定搭配不熟练或记忆不准，都会造成很大的阅读障碍和错误选择，因而考生平时学习时要注重词义辨析，这是完形填空中的难点。 【例】He gets on the bus at the bus stop, rides it to University Avenue, 23 , and walks to his offic

7、e. A. gets on B. gets off C. gets away D. gets down【解析】答案：B。学生在选答时，不仅要根据语境He gets on the bus ，还要辨析get on上车, get off下车, get away离开 , get down（从） 下来，这几个近义词组的意思才能选对。在平时的学习中就注意近义词（组）的辨析，帮助在复习过程中总结积累。,常考查的词汇辨析分为以下几类：动词辨析 名词辨析 形容词副词辨析 介词辨析 连词辨析不定代词辨析,一、名词辨析,【练习】用tell, talk, say, speak填空。 1. Can you_ me th

8、e truth? 2. What language do you_? 3. This is what they_ yesterday. 4. Don t_ in class，please be quiet.,【练习】用tell, talk, say, speak填空。 1. Can you_ me the truth? 2. What language do you_? 3. This is what they_ yesterday. 4. Don t_ in class，please be quiet.,tell,speak,say,talk,一、动词辨析 1. tell, talk, sa

9、y, speak (1)tell 告诉，讲述 tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事 (2)talk 交谈 talk to/with sb.和某人交谈 talk about sth. 谈论某事 (3)say 说， 强调说的内容 say hello to sb. 向某人问好 (4)speak 说某种语言,【练习】look, look at, see, watch填空。 1. The coat_ nice, I want to buy one for my daughter. 2. Please_ the blackboard, can you_ anythin

10、g? 3. She doesnt like_ TV, but she likes_ football game.,【练习】look, look at, see, watch填空。 1. The coat_ nice, I want to buy one for my daughter. 2. Please_ the blackboard, can you_ anything? 3. She doesnt like_ TV, but she likes_ football game.,look,look at,see,watch,watch,2. look, look at, see, watc

11、h (1)look 看起来 look+形容词look very beautiful 看起来非常漂亮 (2)look at 朝看，强调看的动作Look at that photo. 看照片 (3)see 看见，强调看的结果see a film 看电影 (4)watch 观看，尤其指看电视，看球赛，电影等watch World Cup 看世界杯,【练习】sound, listen to, hear填空。 1. _the radio, it says the flood is coming soon. 2. I can t_ you , because there s something wrong

12、 with my ears. 3. What you said_ interesting.,【练习】sound, listen to, hear填空。 1. _the radio, it says the flood is coming soon. 2. I can t_ you , because there s something wrong with my ears. 3. What you said_ interesting.,hear,Listen to,sound,3. sound，listen to, hear (1)sound 听起来 sound+形容词 It sounds g

13、reat. (2)listen to 听，强调听的动作She is listening to music. (3)hear 听见，强调听的结果He heard a sound.,【练习】look up, look for, find, find out填空。1. He often takes a dictionary and_ the new words in it?2. The little girl_ her pen everywhere but didnt_ it at last.3. Look! Lucy is crying over there. Let s go and_ why

14、is she crying.,【练习】look up, look for, find, find out填空。1. He often takes a dictionary and_ the new words in it?2. The little girl_ her pen everywhere but didnt_ it at last.3. Look! Lucy is crying over there. Let s go and_ why is she crying.,look up,find,look for,find out,4. look up, look for, find,

15、find out (1)look up 查词典、书、电话簿等，代词放中间 look it up (2)look for 寻找，强调找的动作Im looking for my pen. (3)find 找到，强调找的结果He can find his watch. (4)find out 发现结果，指经过努力而发现的结论Pleas find out the answer to the question,【练习】keep, borrow, lend填空。 1. -My bike is broken, can I_ yours , Lily?-Oh, sorry, I ve _ it to Sand

16、y. 2. You can_ my recorder for three days. 3. We often_ books from our school library. 4. He often_ money to his brother.,【练习】keep, borrow, lend填空。 1. -My bike is broken, can I_ yours , Lily?-Oh, sorry, I ve _ it to Sandy. 2. You can_ my recorder for three days. 3. We often_ books from our school li

17、brary. 4. He often_ money to his brother.,keep,borrow,lent,borrow,lend,5. keep, borrow, lend (1)keep 借，可以保留一段时间You can keep the book I lend you, I dont want it back. (2)borrow 借，强调将东西接进来 borrow.from 从借来I borrow a book from library. (3)lend 借，强调将东西借出去 lend.to 借给Can you lend me 5000$? I will pay you b

18、ack tomorrow?,【练习】reach, arrive, get填空。 1. They will_ in Chengdu next week. 2. How do you _to school every day? 3. Use a longer stick, then you can_ the apples.,【练习】reach, arrive, get填空。 1. They will_ in Chengdu next week. 2. How do you _to school every day? 3. Use a longer stick, then you can_ the

19、apples.,arrive in,get,reach,6. reach, arrive, get (1)reach 到达，够得着，是个及物动词They reached Shanghai last Saturday. (2)arrive 到达，不及物动词 arrive in+大地点 arrive at+小地点She arrived at the train station.They reached Shanghai last Saturday. (3)get 到达，不及物动词 get to到达We got to Beijing three days ago.,【练习】take part in,

20、 join, attend填空。 1. Mr. Wang_ the Party 5 years ago. 2. They invited Lily_ the English evening. 3. He ll _ an important meeting tomorrow.,【练习】take part in, join, attend填空。 1. Mr. Wang_ the Party 5 years ago. 2. They invited Lily_ the English evening. 3. He ll _ an important meeting tomorrow.,take pa

21、rt in,join,attend,7. take part in, join, attend (1)take part in 参加某项活动A great number of students took part in May Four Movement. (2)join 指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员His brother join the army three years ago. (3)attend 指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等I will attend Marys wedding.,【练习】put on, wear, dress, in填空。1. _ the

22、warm clothes, it s cold outside.2. Mary is always_ red clothes . Maybe red is her favorite color.3. The little boy could_ himself when he was three years old.4. The old man_ a pair of glasses.,【练习】put on, wear, dress, in填空。1. _ the warm clothes, it s cold outside.2. Mary is always_ red clothes . May

23、be red is her favorite color.3. The little boy could_ himself when he was three years old.4. The old man_ a pair of glasses.,Put on,in,dress,wore,8. put on, wear, dress, in (1)put on 穿上，强调穿衣的动作John puts on his hat. (2)wear 穿着，强调穿的状态，是一个延续性动词 I should wear my coat. (3)dress 给穿衣服，宾语为人 dress oneself 给某

24、人自己穿衣服She dressed the baby (4)in 穿着，强调穿戴的状态 be in+颜色She is in a shirt.,二、名词辨析,【练习】family, house, home填空。1. Nowadays a lot of people work at home.2. My uncles house is very beautiful.3. Toms family are having dinner now.,【练习】family, house, home填空。1. Nowadays a lot of people work at home.2. My uncles

25、house is very beautiful.3. Toms family are having dinner now.,1. family、house、与home(1) family 意为“家庭；家庭成员”，与居住的房子无关。当family作为“家庭”整体概念时，是单数（当事物可以数出数量且为一个数量时） 当“家庭成员”讲时是复数（当数量大于2个的为复数）His family is very large. 他的家庭是个大家庭。（单数）My family are very well. 我的家人都很好。（复数）,（2）house 意为：“房屋，住宅”，一般是对家人所居住的建筑物而言。There

26、 are many new houses in our village.我们村里有很多新房。 （3）home 意为：“家”，主要指一个人出生或居住的地方，房屋是其中的一部分，因而也有“家乡；故乡”的意思，它具有house 没有的感情色彩（如“团聚”、“相思”等）East or West ,home is best.金窝银窝不如自家的草窝。,【练习】sound, noise, voice填空。1. I heard some noises last night.2. Her voice is sweet.3. I heard the sound of running water.4. There

27、is a lot of noise here, so I wan to leave.,【练习】sound, noise, voice填空。1. I heard some noises last night.2. Her voice is sweet.3. I heard the sound of running water.4. There is a lot of noise here, so I wan to leave.,2. sound , noise与voice (1)sound 泛指任何声音，不论高低、是否悦耳等。Light travels faster than sound. 光比

28、声音传播的快。 (2) noise表示“噪音”“喧闹”，指的是人们不愿听到的声音或嘈杂声。它可以用作可数名词，也可以用做不可数名词。There is a lot of noise here. 这个地方人声嘈杂。 (3) voice 用于人时，指说话、唱歌或发笑的声音，也可指发言权。用于其他方面时，常指悦耳之声，如鸟鸣、乐器声音等。Please speak in a louder voice. 请再大一点声音讲话。,【练习】problem, question填空。1. The question is too difficult, and she couldnt answer it.2. She

29、couldnt get the job; the problem is that she is a woman.,【练习】problem, question填空。1. The question is too difficult, and she couldnt answer it.2. She couldnt get the job; the problem is that she is a woman.,3. problem，question(1) problem 指需要研究、解决的问题或难题，常与动词solve连用。We are trying solve the problem.(2) q

30、uestion 指有疑问，需要回答的问题，常与ask和answer等连用。Please answer my question seriously.,三、形容词和副词辨析,【练习】exciting/ excited填空。 1. It was an exciting match. 2. The excited children were opening their Christmas presents.,【练习】exciting/ excited填空。 1. It was an exciting match. 2. The excited children were opening their C

31、hristmas presents.,1. exciting/ excited （1）exciting 与excited 都含有“激动”的意思，在句中可作定语或表语。exciting 指某事物“令人兴奋、激动”，主语常是物。如：Skiing is more exciting than skating. （2）excited 表示某人对某事物“感到兴奋、激动”，主语常是人。如：The boys were excited when they saw their team was winning,【拓展】英语中与它有类似用法的词常见的还有：interested 感兴趣的 interesting 令人

32、感兴趣的worried 感到着急的 worrying 令人着急的tired 感到疲倦 tiring 令人疲倦的bored 觉得厌烦的 boring 令人厌烦的frightened 感到害怕的 frightening 令人害怕的,【练习】too much, much too, too many填空。 1. The computer is_ expensive. 2. Stop, Peter. You talked _. 3. Dont eat_ apples every day. 4.Father, have a rest. Youve _ tired today. 5.Hurry up! Yo

33、u have wasted _ time.,【练习】too much, much too, too many填空。 1. The computer is_ expensive. 2. Stop, Peter. You talked _. 3. Dont eat_ apples every day. 4.Father, have a rest. Youve _ tired today. 5.Hurry up! You have wasted _ time.,too much,too many,much too,much too,too much,2. too much, much too, to

34、o many (1)too much 太多 too much+不可数名词 There is too much water (2)much too 太 much too+形容词 She is much too cute. (3)too many 太多 too many+可数名词复数 Tim has too many apples.,【练习】 sometimes, sometime, some times 与some time填空。1. Sometimes he comes by bike.2. You can hand in your homework sometime before Frida

35、y.3. I ll be away for some time . 4. I have been to the Great Wall some times .,【练习】 sometimes, sometime, some times 与some time填空。1. Sometimes he comes by bike.2. You can hand in your homework sometime before Friday.3. I ll be away for some time . 4. I have been to the Great Wall some times .,3. som

36、etimes, sometime, some times 与some time(1)sometimes “有时”，频度副词，表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首，句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very late.(2)sometime “某个时候”，副词，表示某个不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.,(3)some times “几次，几倍”，名词短语，其中time是可数名词，对它提问用How many times.I have read the

37、 story some times.(4)some time“一段时间”，名词短语，表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，对它提问用How long.Ill stay here for some time.助记：分开“一段时间（some time）”, 相聚为“某时（sometime）”，“有时”相聚加-s（sometimes），“几次”分开带-s（some times）,四、介词辨析,【练习】cross, across, through用法1. Look around when you walk _ the street.2. She drove straight _ the to

38、wn.3. There is no bridge _ the river.4. Water flows _ this pipe.5. The sunlight come_ the window.,【练习】cross, across, through用法1. Look around when you walk _ the street.2. She drove straight _ the town.3. There is no bridge _ the river.4. Water flows _ this pipe.5. The sunlight come_ the window.,cros

39、sing,across,through,across,through,cross, across, through (1)cross （动词）通过，穿过，表示在物体表面上横穿，如横穿马路，过河，过桥 Be careful when you cross the road. (2)across （介词）横跨，横穿，穿越 go across=crossGo across the road , you will find the post office on your left. (3)through （介词）在之中，穿越 表示从物体内部穿过，如森林，玻璃等The sunlight comes thr

40、ough the glass.,五、连词辨析,【练习】but, however, while 填空 1. I like the film, _ I have no time to see it. 2. Its raining hard. _ , I think we should go out. 3. Tom is reading _Jim playing football. 4. You should finish your work before nine oclock, _, you can have a break before you start it.,【练习】but, howev

41、er, while 填空 1. I like the film, _ I have no time to see it. 2. Its raining hard. _ , I think we should go out. 3. Tom is reading _Jim playing football. 4. You should finish your work before nine oclock, _, you can have a break before you start it.,while,however,but,however,1. but, however, while (1

42、)but 强调前后意思转折，并且转折的语气最为强烈I was going to write, but I lost your address. (2)however 一般放在两句之间，前后用逗号隔开独立成句，表示意思的转折I want to buy a movie ticket , However, I forget my wallet. (3)while 着重强调前后两者对比He is watching TV, while his wife s weaving.,六、不定代词辨析,【练习】others, the others, other，the other与 another 用法1. I

43、dont like these. Please let me see some _.2. Three of you go there, and_ stay here.3. Do you have any_ questions?4. I have two pens. One is red；_ is yellow.5. We need _computer,【练习】others, the others, other，the other与 another 用法1. I dont like these. Please let me see some _.2. Three of you go there,

44、 and_ stay here.3. Do you have any_ questions?4. I have two pens. One is red；_ is yellow.5. We need _computer,another,others,the others,other,the other,1. others, the others, other，the other与 another (1)others另一些，在一些 指三者或三者以上人或物中除去已知部分后“余下部分中的某一些”。some.others. 一些另一些.Some students are doing homework,

45、 others are talking loudly. (2)the others 其余的，剩余的 指三者或三者以上的人或物中除去已知部分后“余下部分的全部”。You stay here, the others go with me.,(3)other别的，另外的，其他的 后常跟名词，泛指另外的人或物We learn Chinese, Math, English and other subjects. (4)the other另一个，指两者中的一个，与one连用 one.the other.He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is

46、a doctor. (5)another 泛指同类事物中一三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。,1. Those who like to be with _(10)_ like red. The cool colors are _(11)_ and blue.(10) A. the other B. another C. other one D. others,1. Those who like to be with _(10)_ like red. The cool colors are _(11)_ and blue.(10) A. the other B. another C. other one D. others 【解析】D。句意：喜欢和别人在一起的人喜欢红色。others相当于other people意为“别的人”。another指“另一个”。other one不可单独使用，the other one指“另外的一个”。,