[医学类试卷]2013年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2013 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section A（A）A cough.（B） Diarrhea.（C） A fever.（D）Vomiting.（A）Tuberculosis.（B） Rhinitis.（C） Laryngitis.（D）Flu.（A）In his bag.（B） By the lamp.（C） In his house.（D）No idea about where he left it.（A）Hes nearly finished his work.（B） He has to work for some more time.（C） He wants to l

2、eave now.（D）He has trouble finishing his work.（A）A patient.（B） A doctor.（C） A teacher.（D）A student.（A）2.6.（B） 3.5.（C） 3.9.（D）136.（A）He is the head of the hospital.（B） He is in charge of Pediatrics.（C） He went out looking for Dan.（D）He went to Michigan on business.（A）He has got a fever.（B） He is a ta

3、lented skier.（C） He is very rich.（D）He is a real ski enthusiast.（A）To ask local people for help.（B） To do as Romans do only when in Rome.（C） Try to act like the people from that culture.（D）Stay with your country fellows.（A）She married because of loneliness.（B） She married a millionaire.（C） She marri

4、ed for money.（D）She married for love.（A）Aspirant.（B） Courageous.（C） Cautious.（D）Amiable.（A）He was unhappy.（B） He was feeling a bit unwell.（C） He went to see the doctor.（D）The weather was nasty.（A）You may find many of them on the bookseller, shelves.（B） You can buy it from almost every bookstore.（C）

5、Its a very popular magazine.（D）It doesnt sell very well.（A）A general practitioner.（B） A gynecologist.（C） An orthopedist.（D）A surgeon.（A）Chemotherapy.（B） Radiation.（C） Injections.（D）Surgery.二、Section B（A）It is a genetic disorder.（B） It is respiratory condition in pigs.（C） It is an illness from birds

6、to humans.（D）It is a gastric ailment.（A）Eating pork.（B） Raising pigs.（C） Eating chicken.（D）Breeding birds.（A）Running nose.（B） Inappetence.（C） Pains all over.（D）Diarrhea.（A）To stay from crowds.（B） To see the doctor immediately.（C） To avoid medications.（D）To go to the nearby clinic.（A）It is a debate.（

7、B） It is a TV program.（C） It is a consultation.（D）It is a workshop.（A）About 10,000,000.（B） About 1,000,000.（C） About 100,000.（D）About 10,000.（A）A cocktail of vitamins.（B） A cocktail of vitamins plus magnesium.（C） The combination of vitamins A, C and E.（D）The combination of minerals.（A）The delicate s

8、tructures of the inner ear.（B） The inner ear cells.（C） The eardrums.（D）The inner ear ossicles.（A）General Motors.（B） The United Auto Workers（C） NIH.（D）All of above.（A）An industrial trial in Spain.（B） Military trials in Spain and Sweden.（C） Industrial trials in Spain and Sweden.（D）A trial involving st

9、udents at the University of Florida.（A）The link between obesity and birth defects.（B） The link between obesity and diabetes.（C） The risk of birth abnormalities.（D）The harmful effects of obesity.（A）Neural tube defects.（B） Heart problems.（C） Cleft lip and palate.（D）Diabetes.（A）20 million.（B） 200 milli

10、on.（C） 400 million.（D）40 million.（A）Weight-loss surgery.（B） A balanced diet.（C） A change of life style.（D）More exercise.（A）Why obesity can cause birth defects.（B） How obesity may cause birth defects（C） Why obesity can cause diabetes.（D）How obesity may cause diabetes.三、Section A31 Having a birds eye

11、view from the helicopter, the vast pasture was_with beautiful houses.（A）overlapped（B） segregated（C） intersected（D）interspersed32 As usual, Singapore Airlines will reduce trans-pacific capacity in_seasons this year.（A）stern（B） slack（C） sumptuous（D）glamorous33 As to the living environment, bacterial n

12、eeds vary, but most of them grow best in a slightly acid _.（A）mechanism（B） miniature（C） medium（D）means34 Under an unstable economic environment, employers in the construction industry place great value on_in hiring and laying off workers as their volumes of work wax and wane.（A）flexibility（B） morali

13、ty（C） capacity（D）productivity35 In a stark_of fortunes, the Philippines once Asias second richest country recently had to beg Vietnam to sell its rice for its hungry millions.（A）denial（B） reversal（C） interval（D）withdrawal36 Web portal Sohu has gone a step further and called for netizens to join in a

14、n all-out boycott of _content.（A）wholesome（B） contagious（C） vulgar（D）stagnant37 Experts urge a reforesting of cleared areas, promotion of reduced-impact logging, and_agriculture, to maintain the rain forest.（A）sustainable（B） renewable（C） revivable（D）merchandisable38 In the U.S., the Republicans doct

15、rines were slightly liberal, whereas the Democrats were hardly _.（A）rational（B） radical（C） conservative（D）progressive39 Officials from the Department of Agriculture confirmed that the_floods and drought this summer did not affect the countrys grain output.（A）rippling（B） waning（C） fluctuating（D）devas

16、tating40 It is believed that the Black Death, rampant in the Medieval Europe_, killed 1/3 of its population.（A）at large（B） at random（C） on end（D）on average四、Section B41 Christmas shoppers should be aware of the possible defects of the products sold at a discount.（A）deficits（B） deviations（C） drawback

17、s（D）discrepancies42 The goal of this training program is to raise children with a sense of responsibility and necessary courage to be willing to take on challenges in life.（A）despise（B） evade（C） demand（D）undertake43 After “9.11“, the Olympic Games severely taxed the security services of the hostcoun

18、try.（A）improved（B） burdened（C） inspected（D）tariffed44 The clowns performance was so funny that the audience, adults and children alike, were all thrown into convulsions.（A）a fit of enthusiasm（B） a scream of fright（C） a burst of laughter（D）a cry of anguish45 We raised a mortgage from Bank of China an

19、d were informed to pay it off by the end of this year.（A）loan（B） payment（C） withdrawal（D）retrieval46 The advocates highly value the “sport spirit“, while the opponent devalue it, asserting that its a sheer hypocrisy and self-deception.（A）fine（B） sudden（C） finite（D）absolute47 Whenever a rattlesnake i

20、s agitated, it begins to move its tail and make a rattling noise.（A）irritated（B） tamed（C） stamped（D）probed48 The detective had an unusual insight into criminals tricks and knew clearly how to track them.（A）induction（B） perception（C） interpretation（D）penetration49 My little brother practices the spee

21、ch repeatedly until his delivery and timing were perfect.（A）presentation（B） gesture（C） rhythm（D）pronunciation50 In recent weeks both housing and stock prices have started to retreat from their irrationally amazing highs.（A）untimely（B） unexpectedly（C） unreasonably（D）unconventionally五、Part Cloze50 Vid

22、eo game players may get an unexpected benefit from blowing away bad guys better vision. Playing “action“ video games improves a visual ability【 C1】_tasks like reading and driving at night, a new study says.The ability, called contrast sensitivity function, allows people to discern even subtle change

23、s【C2】_gray against a uniformly colored backdrop. Its also one of the first visual aptitudes to fade with age.Thats【C3】_a regular regimen of action video game training can provide long-lasting visual power, according to work led by Daphne Bavelier of the University of Rochester.Previous research show

24、s that gaming improves other visual skills, such as the ability to track several objects at the same time and【C4 】_attention to a series of fast-moving events, Bavelier said.“A lot of different aspects of the visual system are being enhanced,【C5】_one,“ she said. The new work suggests that playing vi

25、deo games could someday become part of vision-correction treatments, which currently rely mainly on surgery or corrective lenses.“【C6】_youve had eye surgery or get corrective lenses, exposing yourself to these games should help the optical system to recover faster and better, you need to retrain the

26、 brain to make use of the better, crisper information thats coming in【C7 】_a result of your improved eyesight,“ Bavelier said.Expert action gamers in the study played first-person shooters Unreal Tournament 2004 and Call of Duty 2. A group of experienced nonaction gamers played The Sims 2, a “life s

27、imulation“ video game. The players of nonaction video games didnt see the same vision【 C8】 _, the study says.Bavelier and others are now trying to figure out exactly why action games【C9 】_seem to sharpen visual skill. It may be that locating enemies and aiming accurately is a strenuous, strength-bui

28、lding workout for the eyes, she said.Another possible【C10 】_is that the unpredictable, fast-changing environment of the typical action game requires players to constantly monitor entire landscapes and analyze optical data quickly. Finally, Bavelier said, the games rich payoff may also play a role.“I

29、ts pleasing to be successful in your mission,“ she said. “When you combine rewards with these other “factors“, then you get much more learning.“51 【C1 】（A）ascribe to（B） key for（C） inclined to（D）crucial for52 【C2 】（A）in light of（B） in shades of（C） in terms of（D）in guidance of53 【C3 】（A）why（B） how（C）

30、what（D）as54 【C4 】（A）drawing（B） having（C） paying（D）giving55 【C5 】（A）not just（B） no only（C） no just（D）not almost56 【C6 】（A）Unless（B） Although（C） Once（D）Since57 【C7 】（A）for（B） as（C） in（D）from58 【C8 】（A）shortcomings（B） benefits（C） drawbacks（D）advantages59 【C9 】（A）in fact（B） in effect（C） in particular（D）

31、in vain60 【C10 】（A）result（B） reason（C） fact（D）guess六、Part Reading Comprehension60 There is plenty we dont know about criminal behavior. Most crime goes unreported so it is hard to pick out trends from the data, and even reliable sets of statistics can be difficult to compare. But here is one thing w

32、e do know: those with a biological predisposition to violent behavior who are brought up in abusive homes are very likely to become lifelong criminals.Antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, but no one was sure whether this was due mostly to social-environmental factors or biologi

33、cal ones. It turns out both are important, but the effect is most dramatic when they act together. This has been illustrated in several studies over the past six years which found that male victims of child abuse are several times as likely to become criminals and abusers themselves if they were bor

34、n with a less-active version of a gene for the enzyme monoamine oxidase A(MAO-A), which breaks down neurotransmitters crucial to the regulation of aggression.Researchers recently made another key observation: kids with this “double whammy“ of predisposition and an unfortunate upbringing are likely t

35、o show signs of whats to come at a very early age. The risk factors for long-term criminality attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, low IQ, language difficulties can be spotted in kindergarten. So given what we now know, shouldnt we be doing everything to protect the children most at risk?No one

36、 is suggesting testing all boys to see which variant of the MAO-A gene they have, but what the science is telling us is that we should redouble efforts to tackle abusive upbringings, and even simple neglect. This will help any child, but especially those whose biology makes them vulnerable. Thankful

37、ly there is already considerable enthusiasm in both the US and the UK for converting the latest in behavioral science into parenting and social skills: both governments have schemes in place to improve parenting in families where children are at risk of receiving poor care.Some people are uncomforta

38、ble with the idea of early intervention because it implies our behavior becomes “set“ as we grow up, compromising the idea of free will. That view is understandable, but it would be negligent to ignore what the studies are telling us. Indeed, the cost to society of failing to intervene in terms of c

39、riminal damage, dealing with offenders and helping victims of crime is bound to be greater than the cost of improving parenting. The value to the children is immeasurable.61 Researchers have come to a consensus: to explain violent behavior_.（A）in terms of physical environment（B） from a biological pe

40、rspective（C） based on the empirical data（D）in a statistical way62 When we say that antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, as indicated by the recent findings, we can probably mean that_.（A）a particular gene is passed on in families（B） child abuse will lead to domestic violence（C）

41、 the male victims of child abuse will pass on the tendency（D）the violent predisposition is exclusively born of child abuse63 The recent observation implicated that to check the development of antisocial and criminal behavior _.（A）boys are to be screened for the biological predisposition（B） high-risk

42、 kids should be brought up in kindergarten（C） it is important to spot the genes for the risk factors（D）active measures ought to be taken at an early age64 To defend the argument against the unfavorable idea, the author makes it apoint to consider_.（A）the immeasurable value of the genetic research on

43、 behavior（B） the consequences of compromising democracy（C） the huge cost of improving parenting skills（D）the greater cost of failing to intervene65 Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（A）Parenting Strategies for Kids.（B） The Making of a Criminal.（C） Parental Education.（D）Abu

44、sive Parenting.65 After 25 years battling the mother of all viruses, have we finally got the measure of HIV? Three developments featured in this issue collectively give grounds for optimism that would have been scarcely believable a year ago in the wake of another failed vaccine and continuing probl

45、ems supplying drugs to all who need them.Perhaps the most compelling hope lies in the apparent “cure“ of a man with HIV who had also developed leukemia. Doctors treated his leukemia with a bone marrow transplant that also vanquished the virus. Now US Company Sangamo Biosciences is hoping to emulate

46、the effect patients being cured with a single shot of gene therapy, instead of taking antiretroviral drugs for life.Antiretroviral therapy(ART)is itself another reason for optimism. Researchers at the World Health Organization have calculated that HIV could be effectively eradicated in Africa and ot

47、her hard-hit places using existing drugs. The trick is to test everyone often, and give those who test positive ART as soon as possible. Because the drugs rapidly reduce circulating levels of the virus to almost zero, it would stop people passing it on through sex. By blocking the cycle of infection

48、 in this way, the virus could be virtually eradicated by 2050.Bankrolling such a long-term program would cost serious money initially around $3.5 billion a year in South Africa alone, ring to $85 billion in total. Huge as it sounds, however, it is peanuts compared with the estimated $1.9 trillion co

49、st of the Iraq war, or the $700 billion spent in one go propping up the US banking sector. It also look small beer compared with the costs of carrying on as usual, which the WHO says can only lead to spiraling cases and costs.The final bit of good news is that the cost of ART could keep on falling. Last Friday, GlaxoSmithKline chairman Andrew Witty said that his company would offer all its medicines to the poorest countries for at lea