[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷183及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 183 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 When the worlds leaders met at the Millennium Summit five years ago, they agreed on a set of goals aimed at cutting global poverty in half by 2015. More importantly, they also set targets for the environment.【C1】 _The phase-out of ozone depleting substance
2、s through the Montreal Protocol, for instance, shows what can be done when the international community works together. Thanks to the protocol, it is estimated that up to 20 million cases of skin cancer, and 130 million eye cataracts, will be avoided.This kind of success should encourage us. But now
3、we need to match our action with the scale of the challenge. Our world is not only unbalanced, but endangered.【C2】 _The environmental challenge is even more stark in developing countries, where five billion of the earths six billion people live. In these nations, the environment is linked directly t
4、o human developmentand to poverty.【C3】 _On current trends, the millennium targets for the environment will not be met. What needs to be done? As a starting point, we must recognize the fundamental imbalance in the global environmental equation. Richer countries do much of the environmental damage.【C
5、4】 _Rich countries larger contribution to environmental damage means that they must shoulder greater responsibility for fixing the problem. That means changing the way they produce and consume energyreducing subsidies, ensuring appropriate pricing, and adequately taxing environmentally damaging prod
6、ucts.Aid for the environment averaged about $2 billion per yearfar short of what the international community, first at the Rio Summit in 1992 and then at the Johannesburg Summit ten years later, said was needed. In terms of global priorities, this figure compares with the $900 billion that the world
7、 currently commits to military expenditures each year.【C5】 _If that growth is not achieved in an environmentally sustainable way, its effects on poverty and human well-being will be disastrous. It will be too late 25 years from now to make the right choices. For the sake of our children and our chil
8、drens children, we must act now.AAccounting for only 15% of the worlds population, they cause 50% of global carbon dioxide emissionswith all their implications for climate change. But the poorer countries pay much of the “costs“losing up to 8% of their GDP per year due to environmental degradation,
9、as well as suffering devastating effects on health and human welfare.BThe European Union(EU)is at the forefront of international efforts to combat climate change and has played a key role in the development of environment addressing the issue.CDeforestation is increasing, with almost 100 million hec
10、tares lost in the last decade alonemuch of it due to millions of poor farmers in Africa and Latin America being forced to cut down trees because they have no other access to land or energy sources.DWhile developing countries are obviously responsible for identifying and responding to environmental i
11、ssues that arise within their borders, it is necessary for rich countries to support poor countries in environmental protection efforts.EWe need to invest more in the environment development. If the war on environmental degradation is to be won, we need a major turnaround. Another two billion people
12、 will be added to global population over the next 25 yearsthe vast majority in poorer nationswith huge demands for energy and economic growth.FMore than a billion people in developing countries lack access to clean water; more than two billion have no access to basic sanitation. Five to six million
13、people, mostly children, die every year due to waterborne diseases, such as diarrhea, and air pollution.GThey understood its centrality to long-term economic growth, human development and the stability of the planet. The problem is that today, ten years shy of when the goals are to be met, progress
14、on the environment is alarmingly slow. So much more is possible.1 【C1 】2 【C2 】3 【C3 】4 【C4 】5 【C5 】5 A bomb has landed on the world. Two prestigious doctors Panayiotis Zavos and Severino Antinori claim they are ready to embark on the greatest human experiment of our age. They say they will attempt t
15、o clone a human being before the year is out. Most people think the objections to this are ethicalhuman cloning would create many moral dilemmas.There is another question that few ever ask: is the science actually ready yet for cloning healthy humans? The latest research has led many scientists to b
16、elieve that Zavos and Antinoris plans to clone the first human could end in tragedy.For decades, cloning remained within the realms of science fiction. The idea that instead of combining a sperm and an egg, a new human could be made from a single cell taken from an adult, seemed completely absurd.【C
17、1】 _But even Dollys creator, Professor Ian Wilmut, is concerned that beneath the veneer of success lies a disturbing reality. Most cloning attempts on animals so far have resulted in failed implantation or abnormal foetuses.【C2】 _Years of painstaking work are only now revealing some vital clues to w
18、hat is going wrong. Scientists have uncovered new evidence, suggesting that the process of cloning itself causes subtle errors in the way genes function. These random errors may be like a time bomb inside every clone, causing some of the strangeoften fatalproblems.【C3】 _Dr. Zavos claims that these p
19、roblems are the result of the still unsophisticated methods being used by animal researchers.【C4】 _Now though, it seems that some IVF procedures themselves are being investigated for possible harmful effects on the long-term health of children. Professor Gerald Schatten of the University of Pittsbur
20、gh reveals evidence of these risks, which could be magnified in cloning.【C5】 _However, there are would-be human cloners who are determined to clone a human baby. If they proceed, they may be courting tragedy, some insiders observe.ATheres no reason to think cloned human babies would fare any better.
21、 According to embryologist Dr. Susan Avery, death might be the best outcome for many human clones. If they survived, they would suffer from catastrophic illnesses that modern medicine is powerless to prevent or cure.BAs things stand, most reproductive specialists believe that the danger to any human
22、 born by cloning is enormous.CHuman cloning has been condemned by some of its most articulate opponents as the ultimate embodiment of the sexual revolution, separating sex from the creations of babies and treating gender and sexuality as socially constructed.DThe people who support human cloning spe
23、ak of the plight of infertile couples; the grief of someone who has lost a child whose biological “rebirth“ might offer comfort; the prospect of using cloning to generate donors for tissues and organs; the possibility of creating genetically enhanced clones with a particular talent or a resistance t
24、o some dread disease.EUsing advanced in vitro fertilization(IVF “test tube baby“)techniques; he claims that he will strive to make human cloning safer than natural reproduction.FOf the animals born alive, some soon die of catastrophic organ failure. Others appear to be healthy for weeks or even mont
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