[考研类试卷]2014年中国科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2014 年中国科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 cruise missile2 probation period3 mandatory planning4 terrestrial and marine ecosystems5 cross-infection6 offshore drilling7 financial derivative8 arms embargo9 subhealthy10 euthanasia11 communications optical cable12 cast off illiteracy13 diplomatic asylum14 Achille

2、s heel15 Birds of a feather flock together.汉译英16 追星族17 三分钟热度18 技术职称19 市场导向20 语音识别21 制空权22 质量认证体系23 职能转换24 追究责任25 讲义气26 工业停滞27 行业中的龙头老大28 制止中国外汇流失29 质量第一，顾客至上30 使中国经济与国际接轨英译汉31 A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books a

3、s well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in

4、times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love they have for a book. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.“ But ther

5、e is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.“ The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together.A good book is often the best urn (在此译为“宝器”) of a life enshrining (珍藏)the best that life could

6、 think out; for the world of a mans life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters.Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by fa

7、r the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from th

8、e printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.32 The only solid pieces of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this a

9、s the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation

10、 with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begu

11、n exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction.There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of c

12、onsciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore there may well be limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay att

13、ention.汉译英33 一个婴儿刚出生就夭折了。一个老人寿终正寝了。一个中年人暴亡了。他们的灵魂在去天国的途中相遇。婴儿对老人说：“ 上帝太不公平，你活了这么久，而我却等于没活过。我失去了整整一辈子。”老人回答：“ 你几乎不算得到了生命，所以也就谈不上失去。谁得到生命的赐予最多，死时失去的也最多。长寿非福也。”中年人叫了起来：“ 有谁比我惨 !你们一个无所谓活不活，一个已经活够数，我却死在正当年，把生命曾经赐予的和将要赐予的都失去了。”一个声音在头顶响起：“众生啊，那已经逝去的和未曾到来的都不属于你们，你们有什么可失去的呢?”三个灵魂齐声喊道：“ 主啊，难道我们中间没有一个最不幸的人吗?”上

14、帝答道：“最不幸的人不止一个，你们全是，因为你们全都自以为所失最多。谁受这个念头折磨，谁的确就是最不幸的人。”34 中国同迅速上涨的房价做斗争已经很久了，但其中令人不快的真相是：买得起房的中国人越来越少，尤其在大城市。如果以可支配收入来衡量，北京的房价超过了英国和日本。今年 9 月，中国的房价同比上涨近 9，涨幅创 3 年来新高，中国通过限购第二套房等措施来给市场降温的努力毫无成效。究其原因在于不同层级的政府间存在利益之争。中央政府担心的是，如果很多中国人买不起房，社会可能出现动荡。因此最高层的目标是：房子必须是人们买得起的。但地方政府的看法不同，出让建筑用地是其重要的收入来源，地方政府不希望

15、房价下跌。问题最严重的是首都北京和金融中心上海，好的工作机会吸引着越来越多的人到那里去。2014 年中国科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 巡航导弹2 【正确答案】 试用期3 【正确答案】 指令性计划4 【正确答案】 陆地和海洋生态系统5 【正确答案】 交叉感染6 【正确答案】 海底钻探7 【正确答案】 金融衍生产品8 【正确答案】 武器禁运9 【正确答案】 亚健康10 【正确答案】 安乐死11 【正确答案】 通信光缆12 【正确答案】 摆脱文盲13 【正确答案】 外交庇护14 【正确答案】 阿基里斯的脚后跟(寓意：一个强大人物的弱点)15 【正确答案】 物以类聚(一

16、丘之貉)汉译英16 【正确答案】 idolater17 【正确答案】 three-minute passion18 【正确答案】 technical titles19 【正确答案】 market orientation20 【正确答案】 Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR)21 【正确答案】 air domination22 【正确答案】 quality certification system23 【正确答案】 transformation of functions24 【正确答案】 call to account25 【正确答案】 personal loyal

17、ty26 【正确答案】 industrial stagnation27 【正确答案】 leading enterprise28 【正确答案】 block the losses of Chinas foreign exchange29 【正确答案】 quality first, customers supreme30 【正确答案】 integrate Chinas economy with the international standards英译汉31 【正确答案】 通常，我们既可以通过一个人所阅读的书籍，也可以通过他所结交的朋友，来了解他的为人，因为人们不仅彼此结伴，而且还跟书籍结伴。无论所

18、结交的是人还是书，人生总该时常有良师益友才行。一部好书可以成为我们的莫逆之交，它过去、现在、将来对我们始终如一。好书是最有耐性并最令人愉快的朋友。即使在我们穷困潦倒或悲哀痛苦之际，也不会背弃我们。它待人和蔼，始终不渝。它在我们青春年少之时给我们以快乐和教诲，在我们黄昏暮年之时给我们以慰藉和同情。人们常常由于对某本书的共同兴趣而互相亲近起来。俗话说：“爱屋及乌” 。而“爱吾及书”却更有道理。书籍是一种更忠实、更高尚的友谊的纽带。人们可以通过共同喜爱的作者而趋于思想一致、感情一致、互相同情。读者由于对作者产生共鸣而结成一体。一部好书经常是人生的宝器，里面珍藏着一个人的思想所发掘的精华。人生的世界，

19、大抵说来，不外乎是思想的世界。因此，最优秀的书籍是一种由高贵的语言和闪光的思想所构成的财富，为人类所铭记、所珍惜，是我们永恒的伴侣和慰藉。好书具有不朽的性质，是最为持久的人类劳动产品。神庙、巨塑终归要腐朽剥落，可好书却与世长存。伟大的思想不会因为时间的流逝而衰老，它们在今天看来，仍然同它们几百年前在作者的脑海中一样新鲜。当时所谈及、所想的东西，至今仍然有声有色地跃于纸上，给我们启示。时间的流逝，只是淘汰了糟粕之类。文学作品之中，只有那些真正的精华才能流传千古。 32 【正确答案】 我唯一确信的科学事实是，我们对大自然一无所知。事实上，我认为这是过去百年生物学的重大发现。客观来说，这是一条具有启

20、发性的新闻。我们对 1 8 世纪启蒙运动的伟大思想家说，我们对自然界知之甚少，对前景也十分茫然，他们定会深感震惊。正是这种与无知领域的深度和广度的突然对抗，代表了20 世纪科学对人类智力最重大的贡献。在早期，我们要么假装了解事情是如何运作的，要么忽略了问题，要么只是编造故事来填补空白。既然我们已经开始认真地探索了，我们就会发现这些问题有多大、答案还有多遥远。但是我们正在开始，应该有一些满足感。可能在这个世界上没有任何问题是我们无法解答的，只是看时间早晚，甚至包括意识的问题。诚然，可能有一些问题是我们永久无法想到的，因为可能有人类智慧的限制，但这是另一回事。在我们的能力范围内，我们应该能够找到自

21、己的方法来得到答案，只要我们坚持足够长的时间，并且持续注意。汉译英33 【正确答案】 A baby died when she was born. An old man passed away peacefully. A middle-aged man died. Their souls met on the way to heaven.The baby said to the old man, “God is unfair, as you have lived so long and I have not lived. I lost my whole life.“The old man re

22、plied, “You can hardly get a life, so you cant lose it. The one who has received the most life has lost the most. Longevity is not a blessing.“The middle-aged man cried, “Who is worse than me! You havent experienced life, and you lived so much life. But I died in the prime of life, losing what we ha

23、ve given and will be given by life.“ There was a loud sound:“All the living creatures, the past and the non-arrival are not belong to you, so what can you lose?“The three souls shouted together: “The lord, is none of us the most unfortunate people?“ God replied: “The most unfortunate people is more

24、than one. You are all because you all think that you lose the most. The one who is afflicted by this idea is indeed the most unfortunate people.“34 【正确答案】 China has been struggling with rapidly rising house price for a long time which results from the unpleasant truth that there are fewer and fewer

25、Chinese who can afford the house, especially in metropolis: If measured by disposable income, the housing price in Beijing has surpassed that in UK and Japan.In September this year, Chinas housing prices rose nearly 9% year on year, with uplift reaching the highest level of three years. The effort o

26、f Chinese government to cool the real estate market through the measures of purchase limits failed because of the interest conflict among governments at different levels. The central government is worried that the reality that many Chinese people cannot afford the house will bring about the social c

27、haos. Therefore the goal of the central government is to guarantee that the apartment is affordable. However, the local government holds different points of view. The profit made by construction land transfer is an important source of income, therefore the local government wishes to remain the house price at a high level. The most serious problems happen in the capital Beijing and financial center Shanghai, where good job opportunities attract more and more people to go there.