IESNA RP-4-2013 Recommended Practice for Library Lighting.pdf

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1、IES RP-4-13Recommended Practice nullor nullinullrarnull nullinullnulltinnullIES RP-4-13Recommended Practice forLibrary LightingPublication of this Recommended Practice has been approved by the IES. Suggestions forrevisions should be directed to the IES.Prepared by:IES Library Lighting CommitteeIES R

2、P-4-13Copyright 2013 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directors, March 12, 2013, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North AmericaAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electr

3、onic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IES Office in New York.

4、 Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please for-ward them to Rita Harrold, Director Educational and Technical Development, at the above address for verifica-tion and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and commentsPrinted in the Uni

5、ted States of America.ISBN# 978-0-87995-278-5DISCLAIMERIES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represent-ing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus

6、on lighting recommendations. While the IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or complete-ness of any information published herein. The IES disclaims liability for a

7、ny injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly result-ing from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IES is not undertaking

8、 to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a comp

9、etent profes-sional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compl

10、iance with this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the require-ments of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IES RP-4-13Prepared by the IES Office Lighting CommitteeT. Kilbourne ChairJ.

11、 Sultan Vice ChairM. Salzberg - SecretaryCover image: Minneapolis Central Library Childrens Reading RoomComputers are available throughout the building, in every reading room, even those meant for the youngest users. The lighting design must respond to the density and variety of electronic media. Ph

12、oto Paul Crosby Architectural PhotographyM. BenguerelM. FisherM. FrazierC. GallinaJ. MoormanR. OrtmeyerJ. Scherer *F. Schlipf*Advisory MembersIES RP-4-13IES RP-4-13Contents1.0 Introduction.12.0 Types of Libraries and Tasks 12.1 Types of Libraries.12.1.1 Public Libraries 22.1.2 School Libraries22.1.3

13、 Special Libraries .22.1.4 Academic and Research Libraries.22.2 Library Tasks.33.0 Equipment and Design Factors 33.1 Application Illuminance Recommendations for Libraries - Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34.0 Daylighting .45.0 Energy 136.0 Emergency Lighting.136.1 Types of Emergen

14、cy Lighting Systems146.2 Exit Illumination .147.0 Lighting Economics.158.0 Library Lighting Systems 158.1 Lighting Effects158.1.1 Task Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158.1.2 Vertical Surface Lighti

15、ng168.1.2.1 Wall Washing168.1.2.2 Grazing 168.1.3 Ambient Lighting 168.1.3.1 Direct Lighting.168.1.3.2 High Performance Recessed Lighting 178.1.3.3 Indirect Lighting178.1.3.4 Direct/Indirect Lighting 178.1.4 Accent Lighting .178.1.5 Diffuse Lighting .178.1.6 Concentrated Lighting188.2 Ballasts.188.2

16、.1 Metal Halide and Fluorescent Ballasts.188.2.2 Solid State Lighting (SSL) Power Supplies .188.3 Luminaires188.3.1 Recessed Troffer Luminaires 188.3.2 Pendant Fluorescent Luminaires .198.3.3 Task Lights.208.3.4 Wall Washers and Wall Grazers208.3.5 Downlights.208.3.6 Accent Lights.208.3.7 Wall Sconc

17、es.20IES RP-4-138.4 Controls 208.4.1 Multi-Level Switching 218.4.2 Time of Day Switching .218.4.3 Occupancy and Vacancy Controls218.4.4 Photosensor Dimming Controls 228.4.5 Multi-Scene Preset Dimming 229.0 Area Specific Considerations.229.1 Book Stack Lighting229.1.1 High Density Storage 239.2 Rare

18、Books and Archives .239.3 Retail Lighting.289.4 Staff Workrooms.299.4.1 Staff Workrooms in Libraries.299.4.2 Functions of Specialized Types of Workrooms 299.4.2.1 Public Services and Technical Services.299.4.2.2 Public Services Workrooms 299.4.2.3 Technical Services Workrooms .299.4.3 Typical Layout

19、s for Staff Workrooms 299.4.4 Lighting Staff Workrooms .309.5 Lending Desk309.6 Exhibition and Display319.7 New Books, Browsing 319.8 Audio Video Display319.9 Internet Cafe 329.10 General Reading, Writing, and Computer Areas 329.10.1 Entrances and Lobbies.339.10.2 Digital Catalog, Self-Checkout Work

20、 Stations and Study Carrels349.10.3 Staffed Reference and Information Desks359.10.4 Reading Areas Within or Adjacent to Stacks359.10.5 Lounges and Snack Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369.11 Meeting and Conference rooms36

21、9.11.1 Types of Meeting and Conference Rooms .369.11.2 Functions of Library Meeting and Conference Rooms 369.11.3 Basic Lighting of Meeting and Conference Rooms.379.11.4 Special Needs of Speakers and Performers 379.11.5 Controls.379.11.6 CRI and Color Temperatures.389.11.7 Movable Partitions.389.11.

22、8 Support Spaces.3810.0 Exterior Lighting3810.1 Areas To Be Illuminated.3810.2 Public Entrances, Staff Entrances, Pathways, Ramps, Stairs and Exits 3910.3 Bookdrop/Book Pick-Up 4010.4 Building Facade .4010.5 Parking.4110.6 Loading Docks 4110.7 Signage 42IES RP-4-1311.0 Sustainable Design .4211.1 Loc

23、al Context .4211.2 Occupant Comfort .4211.3 Materials and Product Selection, Manufacturing4211.4 Energy Use .4311.5 Operational Energy.4312.0 Maintenance .4312.1 Access .4312.1.1 Planning.4412.2 Designing to Facilitate Maintenance 4412.3 Specifications .4512.4 Recalibrating Controls Systems45 12.5 L

24、ight Loss Factors and Lamp Replacement4512.5.1 Group Relamping .4512.6 Disposal45Annex A Light Sources .46Annex B Economics Worksheets 51Annex C Common Applications Illuminance Values.53Annex D Lighting Terms 68 Annex E - Illuminance Target Value System .87Annex F Image Credits .91References .91IES

25、RP-4-131IES RP-4-131.0 INTRODUCTIONThe last time the IES published a “Recommended Practice of Library Lighting” was in July 1973. Much has changed since then. New lighting techniques and equipment as well as new and more efficient light sources provide the lighting designer with the tools to meet th

26、e varied visual tasks encountered in todays libraries. This document has been written for use by lighting design professionals, architects, engineers, library administrators, librarians and educators to pro-vide useful practical information that will help produce an energy efficient and pleasing lig

27、hted environment. This new Recommended Practice provides design criteria for the many different types of spaces found within todays libraries. This document addresses the many and varied visual tasks encountered by users and staff during the course of their activities in libraries of all types. As e

28、nergy criteria have gained predominance throughout our society, so too has a focus on light quality. The relationship between energy demand and light quality is evident within this document. With the diversity of tasks occurring within a library, as well as the differing ages of the target audience,

29、 it is not possible to provide complete comprehensive recommendations for every possible situation. It will always be necessary for the lighting designer to have a clear understanding of the visual tasks and the demographic of the primary audience to determine if the recommendations presented in thi

30、s document are appropriate to the actual conditions encountered and to make the modifications required. 2.0 TYPES OF LIBRARIES AND TASKSThe physical nature of libraries has changed sig-nificantly since this Recommended Practice was last published. Among the features that have become common in librar

31、ies since then are: hard-wired computer workstations, wireless communications systems, laptop computers and electronic readers, increasing numbers of meeting spaces (ranging from large meeting rooms to conference rooms and auditoriums to small study rooms), computer and digital content creation labs

32、, book stacks open to library users, compact shelving, improved acces-sibility for users with disabilities, and increasing emphasis on flexible, multi-function library spaces. Each of these new features has led to changes in library building design, library illumination require-ments and controls.2.

33、1 Types of LibrariesLibrarians divide libraries into four basic types: pub-lic libraries, school libraries, special libraries, and Figure 1: St. Paul Central Library first opened its doors to the public in 1917. During the 90 years that followed, the original architecture of the grand reading room h

34、ad been concealed and the lighting “updated”. The architecture of the space has been restored to its original beauty and the latest lighting update includes historically re-created lighting that dims in response to available daylight. St. Paul Central Library (Image courtesy of Assassi Productions)2

35、IES RP-4-13academic and research libraries. Librarians see the distinctions among these types as important, and the profession is organized on that basis. All types of libraries have basic functions and lighting needs in common. All have shelving and other storage for books and other library materia

36、ls, work space for users, and work space for staff. All need low-glare lighting suitable for a variety of tasks, including read-ing and computer use. Some of the greatest light-ing challenges occur in the many surviving historic libraries (see Figure 1).2.1.1 Public Libraries Public libraries are li

37、brar-ies for general public use. The majority are govern-ment owned, but a significant number are private. Most community public library systems consist of a single building providing all the required library func-tions. However, larger library service areas may be served by central libraries supple

38、mented by one or more branches. Public library buildings vary in size, but most are less than 100,000 square feet, and the majority of them are much smaller. Virtually all public libraries include book stacks (shelving arranged in rows), study tables, public computer workstations, soft seating and l

39、ounge areas, play spaces for children, exhibit spaces, staff service desks, multi-function meeting rooms, study rooms, story hour and craft rooms, widespread use of laptop comput-ers supported by wireless service, computer labs, special collections (typically local history and gene-alogy), staff wor

40、kspaces, restrooms, server rooms, exterior walk-up and drive-up services. Some public libraries have bookmobile garages.Large central public libraries may have auditoriums with sloped floors for major programs, large book stack units, major exhibit spaces, central administra-tive offices, and housin

41、g for delivery vans to transfer material to branches.2.1.2 School Libraries School libraries serve elementary and secondary schools. These libraries exist to support the curricular needs of their schools. The majority of school libraries are relatively small, with all services except staff workspace

42、s provided in a single room. Like small public libraries, school libraries have shelving, reading tables, computer workstations, and wireless service, but they typi-cally lack soft seating for leisure reading. Almost all have enough seating to allow an entire class to visit. Depending on the mission

43、 of the individual library, a school library may incorporate computer labs, stag-ing areas for the schools audio-visual services, and other facilities to meet special requirements.2.1.3 Special Libraries Special libraries serve institutions with specific needs for information and for support of rese

44、arch in narrowly-defined areas. The most common special libraries are medical and law libraries, but there are thousands of special libraries serving businesses, government agencies, associa-tions, and industries. Physically, special libraries are much like other small libraries; the primary distinc

45、-tion between special libraries and other libraries lies in the intense subject expertise of their staffs and the high level of sophisticated personal service they provide to their sponsoring agencies. Special libraries have many of the same characteristics and requirements as academic and research

46、libraries. Frequently, special libraries consist of one or two rooms in larger structures.2.1.4 Academic and Research Libraries The majority of academic and research libraries serve colleges and universities, where they support both curriculum and research. They vary widely in size, reflecting acade

47、mic scope and the caliber of the institutions they serve. Undergraduate libraries serve undergraduate colleges, but they can also be found as separate units in large universities, where the comprehensive research collections may have restricted access. Some departmental libraries in university libra

48、ries are structurally similar to special libraries. Academic libraries store books both in perimeter shelving in reading rooms and in book stack units. Seating is commonly provided at reading tables, car-rels, and soft seating.Academic libraries have computer workstations in a variety of configurati

49、ons, including various groupings such as “information commons.” Virtually all aca-demic libraries provide wireless high-speed internet access, and seating throughout libraries must be Figure 2: Adjustable accent lighting emphasizes the verticality of the room and exhibit features. Dimmable lamp sources with UV filters assure the lighting respects conservation criteria. William Jefferson Clinton Presidential Library. (Photo Paul Goldberger/Esto)3IES RP-4-13compatible with laptop computers. Academic librar-ies also provide a wide variety of special spaces, including com