EN 12527-1998 en Castors and Wheels - Test Methods and Apparatus《轮和轮子的试验方法和试验设备》.pdf

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1、Castors and wheels - Test methods and apparatus The European Standard EN 12527 1998 has the status of a British Standard ICs 21.180; 53.060; NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 12527:1999 STDOBSI BS EN 12527-ENGL 1779 m 1b2Libh7 7545Li T57 = Amd. No. BS EN 12

2、52E1999 Date Text affected National foreword This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 1999 O BSI 03-1999 ISBN O 680 80661 8 This British Standard

3、 is the English language version of EN 125271998 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/7, IndmW trucks - Safety, which has the responsibility to: - aid enquirers to understand the text; - present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the -

4、monitor related international and European developments and promulgate interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British standards

5、 which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence index“, or by using the “Find“ facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard do

6、es not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an ins

7、ide front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. Amendments issued since publication ICs 01.075; 21.180; 53.060 Descriptors: general product, furniture, handling equipment, wheels, castors. characteristics, equipment specification, dimensions, classification, tests, conformity tes

8、ts, marking English version Castors and wheels - Est methods and apparatus bues et roulettes - Mthodes et appareillages dessai Wer und buen - prufverfahren und -gerW This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 August 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations

9、 which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Uptedate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European S

10、tandard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national s

11、tandards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee

12、 fur Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1998 CEN AU rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref. No. EN 125271998 E STDOBSI BS EN 12527-ENGL 1777 m Zb24bb7 75458b 82T E Page 2 EN 12627:1998 Foreword This European

13、 Standard has been prepared by lchnid Committee CENRC 324, Castors and wheels, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the stah of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1999, and conflicting na

14、tional standarb shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1999. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stanreadcurvature mm maximum initial swivel iav s2 S Iw9 Imm I maximum wheel wear lav

15、 I mm maximum swivel wear play mm bearing seat imensions T Ti T9 IWS IN I horizontal tractive force I mm wheel width mm hub width mm We width Iw Ih I time of mtiication of the ioa I vz .v3 Wl speed at impact with obstacles mm/s travel speed mm maximum initiai wheel iay I29 Imin I Dause I w1 WP N N m

16、inimum roiiing resistance (type H) minimum roiing resistance (me w) O BSI 03-1999 Y3 21 h min running period elapsed time prior to inspection(for furniture and swivel chair castors oiy) z3 - speed (cycles per min) dew angle of inclination STD-BSI BS EN 12527-ENGL lY77 I Lb24bb9 0754585 537 I Symbol

17、Wl w2 4 Test methods 4.1 General requirements 4.1.1 Test sequence Tests shall be carried out in a predefined sequence to allow repeatability of testing conditions. 4.1.2 Test sample AU tests within the sequence shall be made with the same castor(s) or wheel(s), unless otherwise specified in the appr

18、opriate standard. Castors and wheels shall not be artificially cooled during testing. 4.1.3 Application of test load The test load shall always be applied directly so that its centre of gravity lies central to the mounting plane of the castor(s), or the centre of the test frame - where required - on

19、 which the sample(s) under test are mounted (see Figures 3 and 7). Unless otherwise specified the test load shall be a real weight. 4.1.4 Test report Actual readings and test results of each test and indcation if the test is passed or failed shall be clearly given in the test report, including the f

20、ollowing information: - reference to the relevant European Standard - type of the test machine which was used - details of any deviation to this European Standard - main features of the test sample; - name and address of location where the test was canied out; - date of the test. 4.2 Wheel play test

21、 4.2.1 Objectives This test is to determine the initial wheel play - at the commencement of the test sequence - and the final wheel play - at the end of the test sequence. 4.2.2 Sumbols The following symbols are to be used Meaning of the symbol maximum initial wheel play maximum wheel wear play Page

22、 5 EN 126271998 4.2.4 Procedure The measurements shall be taken with the wheel and axle bush assembled as during test (original product). The fork of the castor is rigidly clamped in a vertical position ensuring that the fork width is maintained and the movement of the wheel is not impaired. The whe

23、el play shall not include any side movement of the wheel on the axle. Wheel play shall be in mm and measured as in Figure 1. To determine the wear play subtract the initial wheel play from the final wheel play Measured wheel play tt- I Figure 1 - Whe -1 play 4.3 Swivel play test 4.3.1 Objectives Thi

24、s test is to determine the initial swivel play - at the commencement of the test sequence - and the final swivel play - at the end of the test sequence. 4.3.2 Sgmbok The following symbols are to be used: I Swbol I Meaning of the symbol I IS1 I maximum initid swivel play I I s5! I maximum swivel wear

25、 play I 4.3.3 Apparatus The test apparatus is a lever of at least 200 mm in length suitable to be rigidly fixed to the mounting plane of the castor under test as in Figwe 2. 4.3.4 Procedure The measurements shall be taken with the wheel and axle bush assembled as during test (original product). The

26、fork of the castor is rigidly clamped in a vertical position ensuring that the fork width is maintained and the movement of the swivel is not impaired. A mark shall be made on the fixed and swivelling parts of the castor. The swivel play shall be measured at 200 mm from the swivel axis of the castor

27、 when: - the marks are aligned; - the mounting plane is rotated through 90“. Swivel play shall be in mm and measured as in Figure 2. The larger of these two values shall be taken. To determine the swivel play subtract the initial swivel play from the find swivel play. O BSI 03-1999 STD-BSI BS EN 125

28、27-ENGL 1779 E LbZYbbS 075Li590 250 Symbol L17 R Page 6 EN 12527:1998 Meaning of the symbol test load measured resistance Figure 2 - Swivel play 4.4 Electrical resistance test 4.4.1 Objectives This test is to measure the electrical resistivity of the sample (according to Is0 2878). The wheel(s) shal

29、l be perfectiy cl- and m. 4.4.2 Sgmbols The following symbols are to be used: 4.4.3 Apparatus The test apparatus is an imtru?nent having a runnin4-1.L open circuit Wtuge of 500 Vd.c., preferably an insuhiion tester (ohm meter), or any suitable instrument known to give comparable results. The instrum

30、ent shall be sufficenty accurate to determine the resistance within 10 91, and shaii not dissipate more than 3 W in the product. The resistance dues obtained wiU vary with the applied voltage, and errors may occur when low test voltages are involved In case of dispute, the voltage applied to the pro

31、duct shall be not less than 40 except where this confiicts with the requirement not to dissipate more than 3 W in the test piece. 4.4.4 Procedure Place the castor andor wheel on a metal piate that is insulated from the floor. Between the metal plate and the castor a piece of wet blotting paper of th

32、e size of the contact area can be added if furniture castors or swivel chair castors are tested. Keep the applied tangentially Figure 3 - Example of testing apparatus for tests as in 4.6,4.7,4.9 and 4.10 O BSI 03-1999 Page 8 EN 12627:1998 Symbol LI KI 4.6.2 Symbols The following symbols are to be us

33、ed Meaning of the symbol load capacity horizontal tractive force 21 22 I Li I load capacity I running period Pause I Ki I horizontal tractive force I 4.7.3Apparatus The test apparatus is: - a low friction daice that allows either a) a hear movement; b) a circular movement; - a force measuring cktnkq

34、 - a plLing device to pull force equal to K2; - a time measurirq instrumt, 4.7.4 Procedure The castor is placed on a horizontal smooth steel surface, clean from visible dirt. The braking and or lockjng device is engaged. Apply to the mounting plane of the castor a load LI. Then gradually apply a hor

35、izontal tractive force (K2) at 90“ to the running direction of the wheel. The force K2 shall be applied for 10 s then released. Graduaily apply the force K2 once more for 10 s and monitor if swivehg movement is detected. Repeat the above procedure applying the force in the opposite direction. If dur

36、ing the application of the force K2 the wheel skids on the floor, change the surface material to a higher grip and repeat the test. 4.8 Dynamic test This test applies to: - castors for institutional applications; - castors for hospital beds; - castors for applications up to 1,l m/s (4 M); - castors

37、for applications over 1,l m/s and up to 4,4 m/s (16 km/h). 4.8.1 Objectives This test is to ve that a load capaciQ, under a dynamic applicaiion, will not cause damage and/or excessive wear to be a prejudice to the performance of the castor or wheel under test. 4.8.2 Sgmbos The following symbols are

38、to be used I Symbol I Meaning of the svmbol I VI I average speed of running cycle I n number of obstacles to be passed by the wheel I ri I number of revolutions of the wheel I O BSI 031999 STD-BSI BS EN 12527-ENGL 1999 I LbZLIbb9 0754593 TbT I Page 9 EN 125271998 Obstacle distance C 1 PLAN VIEW I Fi

39、gure 4 - Plan view of a linear track dynamic test machine - Obstacle distance C I -+- I I PLAN VIEW I Figure 6 - Plan view of a circular track dynamic test machine O BSI 03-1999 STD-BSI BS EN L2527-ENGL 1799 I Lb24bb7 0754594 9Tb I Symbol L1 L6 u1 Page 10 EN l2527:lWS Meaning of the symbol load capa

40、city test load load factor Path of castor Obstacle distance C Obstacles n y- -. /-/ . I I Horizontal axis 1 /- I - I I Figure 6 - Cylindrical track dynamic test machine L END VIEW 1 4.8.4 hedure “he castor or wheel is placed in the test apparatus with a correct fitting. EXAMPLE: Fitted with all fixi

41、ng bolts, and correctly tightened. The test consists of a continuous running period with a duration of XI, which may be followed by a pause 22. The direction of travel must be reversed at the commencement of each new running period when either of the circular track dynamic test machines is used. The

42、 castor shall be made to run, under load, unid it has passed a number of obstacles n. When the total number of revolutions q specified exceed the revolutions required with obstacle contact the obstacles are removed and the test proceeds unid all necessary revolutions are completed. The obstacles sha

43、ll be removed in a period of time not exceeding 21. 4.9 Static test 4.9.1 Objectives This test is to determine the static performance of a castor andor wheel. 4.9.2 Symbols The following symbols are to be used Y3 I elapsed time prior to inspection 4.9.3 Apparatus The test apparatus is: - a machine t

44、hut applies a test load (either LI multiplied by Yi or Le), aS 4.1.3 - a time msasuring instrument. 4.9.4 Procedure The castor or wheel is placed in the test apparatus with a correct fitting on a horizontal smooth steel surface. EWE Ftted with all fxjng bolts, and correctly tightened O BSI OS1999 -

45、STD-BSI BS EN 12527-ENGL 1779 W 1624bb7 0754575 832 D Requirements for: Apply the test load (either LI multiplied by y1 or L6) as 4.1.3 for a period of time 32. Readmgs must be taken after a time y3 from when the load is removed 4.10 Contact pressure test 4.10.1 Objectives This test is to determine

46、the contact pressure between the wheel and the floor. 4.10.2 Sumbols The following symbols are to be used Characteristic Symbol 1 Meaning of the symbol L9 I load pile weight of fully trimmed sample Y2 I time of application of the load 450 g/m2 4.10.3 Apparatus A horizontal moth steel surfiwe is prov

47、ided on which graph and carbon paper is placed. A castor able to receive the load L2 is mounted vertically above the plate (see Figure 3). A time measuring instrument is required. Other methods of establishing the contact area obtained under the load L2 for a time of application of y2 are permissibl

48、e provided the accuracy is not less than that of the procedure described above. 4.10.4 Procedure A horizontal smooth steel surface is provided on which graph and carbon paper are placed, so that the carbon paper wiil mark the graph paper when the load L2 is imposed on the castor for y2 hours. The ar

49、ea of the impression transfemed is measured. The contact pressure is the quotient of the load LQ and of the surface area L2 contact pressure = surface area 4.11 Chair castor brake performance test 4.11.1 Objectives This test is to determine the efficiency of the brake. This test applies to castors type U. 4.11.2 Sumbok The following symbols are to be used Symbol I Meaning of the symbol LA 1 load (including the frame) I u? I travel speed Page 11 EN 125271998 4.11.3 Apparatus The test apparatus is: -