CEPT T R 61-02 E-1994 Harmonised Amateur Radio Examination Certificates《统一业余无线电考试证书 1990年切斯特 1994年在尼科西亚修订》.pdf

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1、STD.CEPT TIR bL-02 E-ENGL 1994 H 23261i14 0017318 28b TIR 61-02 E .e Distribution: B Recommendation TIR 61-02 (Chester 1990, reviaed in Nico8ia 1994) HARMONZSED AMATEUR RADIO EXAMINATION CERTIFICATES Recommendation proposed by the Working Group “Radio Regulatory“ (RR) Text of the Recommendation adop

2、ted bv the “European Radiocommunications Committee“ (ERC): INTRODUCTION The Recommendation as approved in 1990 makes it possible for CEFT Administrations to issue a Hannonised Amateur Radio Examination Certificate (HAREC). The HAREC document shows proof of successfully passing an amateur radio exami

3、nation which complies with the Examination Syllabus for HAREC level A or B. It facilitates the issuing of an individual licence to radio amateurs who stay in a country for a longer temi than that mentioned in CEPT Recommendation TIR 6141 (revision 1992). It also facilitates the issuing of an individ

4、ual licence to a radio amateur returning to his native country showing the HAREC certificate issued by a foreign AdmmistratiOn. The Recommendation as revised in 1994 has the aim to make it possible for non-CEPT countries to participate in this system. This revision is comparable to the extension of

5、Recommendation T/R 6141 to non-CEPT counies. The proVisions for this extension are found in the new Annexes 3 and 4. The original Recommendation had to be adapted slightly, but retains the applicability with CEFT as before. Annexes 3 and 4 of the original Recommendation are renumbered as resp. Annex

6、es 5 and 6. “The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations, considering a) that the Radio Amateur Service is a service according to the ITU Radio Regulations article 1 and governed by the ITU Radio Regulations and national regukttions, b) that Adminiitrations are responsib

7、le, in accordance with article 32 of the ITU Radio Regulations, for taking such measures as they judge necessary to veri the operational and technical qualifications of radio amateurs. Additionally radio amateurs shall not operate on frequencies below 30 MHz, unless they have proved their ability to

8、 send correctly by hand and to receive correctly by ear texts in Morse code signals, c) that significant differences between the existing national regulations and licence conditions impede the radiocommunication activities by licensed radio amateurs outside their own country, d) that in an internati

9、onal context the International Amateur Radio Union has supported the concept of the harmonisation of examination levels concerning the radio amateur service, e) that CEPT Recommendation TR 61-01 concerns only temporary use ofportable and mobile radio stations in CEPT and non-CEPT countries, f) that

10、CEPT countries and non-CEPT countries are mutually seeking to harmonise regulations and matters also concerning non commercial and recreational activities of their citizens, noting a) that it is highly desirable to establish a common arrangement for radio amateurs who wish to use amateur radio stati

11、ons in another country in which they are taking resident, Edition of July 29,1994 STDmCEPT T/R bL-O2 E-ENGL 1994 232b414 00173L9 112 W TIR 61-02 E Page 2 b) that a common approach can be found in spite of the great variety of classes of amateur licenses and examinations prevailing in the different C

12、EPT countries and non-CEPT countries, c) that on the basis of this commonality it is possible to designate which national classes of amateur licences and examinations are of a similar nature, d) that in general good experience has been gained by the introduction of Recommendation T/R 61-01 although

13、the classification of the various national licence classes into the two CEPT licence classes causes some difficulties regarding the minimum examination standard, e) that despite the procedures of this Recommendation, Administrations have the right to require separate bilateral agreements when recogn

14、ising the radio amateur certificates issued by foreign Administrations, recommends a) that CEPT Administrations issue a mutually recognised Harmonised Amateur Radio Examination Certificate to those passing the relevant national examinations corresponding to CEPT examination levels A or B (see Annex

15、i), b) that Administrations, not being members of CEPT, accepting the provisions of this Recommendation, may apply for participation in accordance with the conditions laid down in Annexes 3 and 4, c) that Administrations participating in this system agree, subject to their national laws and regulati

16、ons to issue national licences corresponding to CEPT examination level A or B to foreign nationals who possesses a Harmonised Amateur Radio Examination Certificate issued by an Administration participating in this system and who stay in their country for a period longer than three months, d) that li

17、censes issued under c) will be renewed by the issuing Administration, e) that any person who has obtained a Hannonised Amateur Radio Examination Certificate in any country participating in this system, has the right on return to his own country to obtain a licence there without having to pass a furt

18、her examination, f) that licences granted under this Recommendation shall cover the operation of fixed, mobile and portable radio amateur stations, g) that the provisions of Recommendation T/R 61-01 shail continue to apply to radio amateurs making short stays in other CEPT countries and non-CEFT cou

19、ntries participating in the T/R 61-01 system.” Edition of Juiy 29,1994 STD-CEPT T/R b3-02 E-ENGL 3994 W 2326424 0037320 934 - TIR 6142 E Page 3 ANNEX 1 CONDITIONS FOR ISSUE OF HARMOMSED AMATEUR RADIO EXAMINATION CERTIFICATE (HAREC) 1 .a A Harmonised Amateur Radio Examination Certificate will be issu

20、ed by CEFT Administrations to persons who have passed a national examination for radio amateurs that meets the criteria set out in paragraph 2 below. (The national classes corresponding to such examinations are set out in Column 3 of Annex 2). 1 .b A Harmonised Amateur Radio Examination Certificate

21、will be issued by non- Administrations to persons who have passed a national examination for radio amateurs that meets the criteria set out in paragraph 2 below. (“he national licences corresponding to such examinations are set out in Column 3 of Annex 4). 1 .c A Harmonised Amateur Radio Examination

22、 Certificate will be issued, on request, by CEPT Administrations to radio amateurs who have passed the relevant national examination prior to the intmduction of the harmonised examination syllabus. 2. Criteria for nationai examinations National examinations which qualify the examinee for a CEPT exam

23、ination level A Certificate shall cover the subjects that a radio amateur may encounter in conducting tests with an amateur station and with its operation. They must include at least: i) Trclinica4 o-oncil and reguiatoty m-rs (see the examination syllabus Annex 6) a) TECHNICALCNTEM 1. Electrical, Ma

24、gnetic and Radio Theory 2. components 3. Circuits 4. Receivers 5. Transmitters 6. Antennas and Transmission Lines 7. Propagation 8. Measurements 9. Interference and Immunity 10. Safety b) NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL OPERATING RULES AND PROCEDURES 1. Phonetic Alphabet 2. Q-code (as far as radio amateu

25、r traffic is concerned) 3. Operational Abbreviations 4. International Distress Signs, Amateur emergency traffic and natural disaster communications 5. The use and composition of call signs 6. The principles and purposes of the IARU band plans C) NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL questions may relate to cir

26、cuits using both integrated circuits and disueet components. a) Where quantities are referred to, candidates should know the units in which diese quantities are expressed, as well as the generally used multiples and Submultiples of these units. b) Candidates must be familiar with the compound of the

27、 symbols. c) Candidates must know the following mathematical concepts and operations: - adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing - fiactions - powers of ten, exponentials - squaring - squareroots - inversevalues - interpretation of linear and non-linear graphs d) Candidates must be familiar wit

28、h the formulae used in this syllabus and be able to transpose them. HARMONISED AMATEUR RADIO EXAMINATION CERTIFICATE (HAREC) i) a) 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Technica, opendonal and reguiatoty matters TECHNICAL CONTENT ELECTRICAL, ELECTRO-MAGNETIC AND R

29、ADIO TREORY Conductivity Sources of electricity Electric field Magnetic field Electromagnetic field Sinusoidal signals Non-sinusoidal signals Modulated signals Power and energy COMPONENTS Resistor Capacitor Coil Transformers application and use Diode Transistor Heat dissipation Miscellaneous Edition

30、 of July 29,1994 - - STD-CEPT T/R 61-02 E-ENGL 3994 2326434 0017328 125 TIR 61-02 E Page 14 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5. 5.1. 5.2 5.3 5.4 6. 6. I 6.2 6.3 7. 8. 8.1 8.2 9. 9.1 9.2 9.3 1 O. b) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. C) 1. 2. 3. CIRCUITS Combination of components Filter Power supply

31、Amplifier Detector Oscillator Phase Locked Loop PLL RECEIVERS Block diagrams Operation and function of the following stages Receiver characteristics TYP= TRANSMITTI%RS Block diagrams Operation and function of the following stages Transmitter characteristics Types ANTENNAS AND TRANSMISSION LINES Ante

32、nna types Antenna characteristics Transmission lines PROPAGATION MEASUREMENTS Making measurements Measuring instruments INTERFERENCE AND Interference in electronic equipment Cause of interference in electronic equipment Measures against interference ELECTRICAL SAFETY NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL OPERA

33、TING RULES AND PROCEDURES Phonetic Alphabet Operational Abbreviations International Distress Signs, Emergency raffic and natural disaster communication Call signs IARU band plans Q-cde NATIONAL AND btTERNAlTONAL mGUL4TIONS RELEVANT TO THE MATEUR RALX0 AND RADIO AMATEUR SATELLITE SERVICE _. ITU Radio

34、 Regulations CEPT Regulations National Laws, Regulations and Licence conditions Edition of My 29,1994 ii) a) 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 STD-CEPT T/R b1i-O2 E-ENGL 1774 m 2326434 0037329 Ob5 W T/R 61-02 E Pap IS Sending and receiving Morse code signalp TECHNICAL CONTENT CHAPTER 1 ELECTRICAL,

35、ELECTRO-MAGNETIC AND MIO THEORY Conductivity - Conductor, semiconductor and msulator - Current, voltage and resistance - The units ampere, volt and ohm - Ohms Law p=I.R - KirchhoffsLaws - Electric p=E.I - Theunitwatt - Electric w=P.t - The capacity of a batteq ampere-hour Sources of electricity - Vo

36、ltage source, source voltage m, short circuit current, internal resistance and tenninal voltage - Series and parallel connection of voltage somes Electric field - Electric field strength - The unit voltlmetre - Shielding of electric fields Magnetic field - Magnetic field surrounding live conductor -

37、 Shielding of magnetic fields Electromagnetic field - Radio waves as electromagnetic waves - Propagation velocity and its relation with frequency and wavelength - Polarisation v - f.5 Sinusoidal signals - The graphic representation in time - Period and duration of period - Frequency - Theunithertz -

38、 Phase difference - Instantaneous value, amplitude w, effective RMS value Non-sinusoidal signals - Audiosignals - Squarewave - The graphic representation in time - D.C. voltage component, fundamental wave and higher harmonics Modulated signals - Amplitude modulation - Phase modulation, frequency mod

39、ulation and single-sideband modulation - Frequency deviation and modulation index - Camer, sidebands and bandwidth - Waveform Edition of July 29, 1994 TIR 61-02 E Page 16 1 - fiepowaofsinwoiusignals P = i R ; P = 57 U = i i = Lff R 1.9 Power and energy - Power ratios corresponding to the following d

40、B values: O dB, 3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB and 20 dB both positive - The inpuffoutput power ratio in dB of series-connected amplifiers andor attenuators - Matching maximum power transfer - The relation between power input and output and efficiency = k. 100 % - Peak Envelope Power b.e.p.1 and negative 1 pu CH

41、APTER 2 2. COMPONENTS 2.1 Resistor - Theunitohm - Resistance - Curredvoltage characteristic - Power dissipation - Positive and negative temperature coefficients PTC and NTC 2.2 Capacitor - Capacitance - The unit farad - The relation between capacitance, dimensions and dielectric. (Quaiitative treatm

42、ent only) - Thereactance G = 1 - Phase relation - Characteristics of fixed and variable capacitors: air, mica, plastic, ceramic and electrolytic capacitors - Temperature coefficient - Leakagecurrent 2uf .C between voltage and current 2.3 Coil - Self-inductance - Theunithenry - The effect of number o

43、f tunis, diameter, .,ngth and oore material on inductance. (Qualitative treatment only) - Thereactance - Phase relation X, = 2Xf.L between current and voltage - Q-factor - Skineffect - Losses in core mata-als 2.4 Transformers appkation and use - Idealtransformer Ppfi = P., 1 - The relation between t

44、urn ratio and - impedance ratio. (Qualitative treatment only) - Transformers Edition of July 29, 1994 STD-CEPT T/R bl-02 E-ENGL 1994 232b414 0057331 7LT 2.5 2.6 2.7 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 T/R 61M E Page 17 Diode - Use and application of diodes: - Rectifier diode, zener diode, LED light-emittingdiode, vo

45、ltage-variable and capacitor vdcap - Reverse voltage and leakage current Transistor - PNP- and NTW-transistor - Amplification factor - Field-effect transistor N channel and P channel, j-FETI - The resistance between gate and source - The transistor in the: - common emitter source circuit - common ba

46、se gate circuit - common collector drain circuit - input and output impedances of the above circuits - method of biasing Miscelltntous - Simple thermionic device valve - Simple digital circuits CHAPTER 3 cmms Combination o1 components - Senes and parallel circuits of resistors, coils, capacitors, tr

47、ansformers and diodes - Current and voltage in these circuits - impedance of these circuits Filter - Series-wed and parallel-tuned circuit: - Impedance - Frequency characteristic - Resonant frequency - i Q = R, i Q I: f -1 - Bandwidth 2xf mL B - Band-pass filter - Low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and

48、band-stop filters composed of passive elements - Frequency response - Pi filter and T filter - Quartzcrystal Power supply - Circuits for half-wave and full-wave rectification and the Bridge rectifier - Smoothing circuits - Stabilisation circuits in low voltage supplies Amplifier - Lf and hf amplifie

49、rs - Amplification factor - Ampiituddfkquency characteristic and bandwidth - Class A, AB, B and C biasing - Harmonics non-linear distortion Edition of July 29, 1994 TIR 61-02 E Page 1 8 3.5 Detector - AM detectors - Diode detector - Product detector - FMdetectors - Slopedetector - Foster-Seeley discriminator - CWISSB detectors 3.6 Oscillator - Factors affecting frequency and frequency stability conditions necessary for oscillation - LC oscillator - Crystal oscillator, overtone oscillator 3.7 Phase Locked Loop PU