AWS D15 2 D15 2M-2013 Recommended Practices for the Welding of Rails and Related Rail Components for Use by Rail Vehicles (3rd Edition).pdf

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1、RecommendedPractices for the Welding ofRails and RelatedRail Componentsfor Use by RailVehiclesAWS D15.2/D15.2M:2013An American National StandardAWS D15.2/D15.2M:2013An American National StandardApproved by the American National Standards InstituteOctober 30, 2012Recommended Practices for the Welding

2、 of Rails and Related Rail Components for Use by Rail Vehicles3rd EditionSupersedes AWS D15.2:2003Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) D15 Committee on Railroad WeldingUnder the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by the AWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis document r

3、ecommends the minimum standards for the welding of rails and related rail components used by railvehicles. Repair procedures for rails and austenitic manganese steel components are covered. Thermite welding and electric flash welding guidelines are discussed. Procedure qualification, welder qualific

4、ation, and general welding safetyprocedures are addressed.International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-829-7American Welding Society 8669 Doral Blvd., Suite 130, Doral, FL 33166 2013 by American Welding Society All rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion

5、 of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use

6、only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appro-priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 7508400;Internet: .AWS D15.2/D15.2M:2013iiAW

7、S D15.2/D15.2M:2013iiiStatement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the ru

8、les of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal autho

9、rity of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws andregulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document tha

10、t invokes theAWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS stan-dard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstoget

11、her volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any j

12、udgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-cial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance onthis standard. AWS

13、 also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information publishedherein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any

14、 duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of th

15、is standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend-ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editi

16、ons of AWS standards includ-ing amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they havethe latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this s

17、tandard accept anyand all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of anypatent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have t

18、he power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Ser

19、vices Division, 8669 Doral Blvd., Suite 130, Doral, FL 33166 (see AnnexF). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be ren-dered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute profe

20、ssionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and sho

21、uld not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D15 Committee on Railroad Welding. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions,or de

22、letions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressedto AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D15 Committee on RailroadWelding and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees respon

23、se to the comments. Guests areinvited to attend all meetings of the AWS D15 Committee on Railroad Welding to express their comments verbally.Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of theTechnical Activities Committee. A copy o

24、f these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 DoralBlvd., Suite 130, Doral, FL 33166.AWS D15.2/D15.2M:2013ivThis page is intentionally blank.Personnel AWS D15 Committee on Railroad WeldingM. R. Untermeyer, Chair Union Tank Car CompanyR. A. Wolbert, Vice Chair Progress Rail Se

25、rvices CorporationJ. B. Pearson, Jr., 2nd Vice Chair LTK Engineering ServicesS. N. Borrero, Secretary American Welding SocietyD. M. Allbritten GE Equipment Services-RailR. C. Bly TTX Company Hamburg DivisionC. Boulden TrinityRail GroupL. B. Broadway American Railcar IndustriesN. S. Brown Canadian Pa

26、cific RailwayR. A. Conrad Hobart BrothersS. A. Coughlin ConsultantM. R. Desjardins National Steel Car LimitedM. A. Forsstrom Greenbrier Rail ServicesC. J. Gamblin ALLTRANSTEK, LLCJ. Haacke Motive PowerD. S. Lassen Greenbrier Rail ServicesT. M. Nelson LTK Engineering ServicesB. W. Siebold BNSF Railwa

27、y CompanyT. D. Spry Electro Motive Diesel, IncorporatedL. H. Strouse Federal Railroad AdministrationA. Willaredt American Railcar IndustriesAdvisors to the AWS D15 Committee on Railroad WeldingB. C. Blackwell Standard Car Truck CompanyW. Blamire Norfolk Southern CorporationJ. L. Cooley JC and Associ

28、ates, IncorporatedW. Jaxa-Rozen Bombardier TransportationM. MacGillivray Hobart Brothers of Canada, LTDJ. R. Murray TTX CompanyR. D. Stiffler PAD. A. Wright Wright Welding TechnologiesAWS D15C Subcommittee on Track WeldingR. L. Bell, Chair BNSF Railway CompanyA. Hernandez, Vice Chair Union Pacific R

29、ailroad CompanyS. N. Borrero, Secretary American Welding SocietyR. E. Adler BNSF Railway CompanyD. A. Bjork Canadian National Railway CompanyW. M. Blamire Norfolk Southern CorporationD. N. Blowatt Canadian National Railway CompanyM. J. Boos Union Pacific RailroadW. C. Bragg Orgo-Thermit, Incorporate

30、dN. S. Brown Canadian Pacific RailwayC. J. Bunzendahl J.B. Railroad Services, LLCG. K. Clem GKC Consulting CompanyT. Y. Gehr, Jr. Esco Equipment Service CompanyD. I. Gregory Track-WeldAWS D15.2/D15.2M:2013vJ. R. Hansen RailworksF. C. Hefer Orgo-Thermit, IncorporatedR. Kral Holland CompanyN. A. Kruck

31、enberg Canadian National Railway CompanyP. J. Lawless BNSF Railway CompanyS. E. Markis Norfolk Southern CorporationB. A. Meade The Lincoln Electric CompanyT. A. Nelson LTK Engineering ServicesJ. B. Pearson, Jr. LTK Engineering ServicesA. Pierson Norfolk Southern CorporationR. P Roper CSX Transportat

32、ionT. L. Swalboski RailworksS. W. Tribble Track-Weld Industries, IncorporatedM. K. Wilson CSX TransportationB. E. Wylie Orgo-Thermit, IncorporatedAdvisors to the AWS D15C Subcommittee on Track WeldingT. L. Baxley Norfolk Southern CorporationK. K. Hamik BNSF Railway CompanyR. S. Koblinski METRAS. O.

33、Scharnweber Cold Railroad BuildersJ. Sun Association of American RailroadsM. R. Untermeyer Union Tank Car CompanyJ. S. Wiederholt BNSF Railway CompanyAWS D15.2/D15.2M:2013viAWS D15.2/D15.2M:2013viiForewordThis foreword is not part of AWS D15.2/D15.2M:2013, Recommended Practices for the Welding of Ra

34、ils and RelatedRail Components for Use by Rail Vehicles, but is included for informational purposes only.This recommended practice establishes standards for the joining, repair, maintenance and inspection of rail welds, andthe welding of related rail components. It was developed and is maintained by

35、 the Subcommittee on Track Weldingwithin the AWS Committee on Railroad Welding.The welding of rails and related rail components for use by rail vehicles is vital to the safe and economical operation ofAmerican railroads. This subcommittee has endeavored to develop these recommended practices to serv

36、e as a guidelinefor the railroad and related industries in the establishment of track welding specifications. The subcommittee is made upof individuals from all segments of the railroad industry, both users and suppliers, and representatives of both theAssociation of American Railroads and the Ameri

37、can Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association.The purpose of this document is to provide a single comprehensive source of information that will be used throughout therailroad industry. It should act as a guideline towards improving welding quality through the economical joining andrepai

38、r of rail and rail components.The evolution of AWS D15.2, Recommended Practices for the Welding of Rails and Related Rail Components for Useby Rail Vehicles, is shown below:ANSI/AWS D15.294, Recommended Practices for the Welding of Rails and Related Rail Components for Use by Rail VehiclesAWS D15.2:

39、2003, Recommended Practices for the Welding of Rails and Related Rail Components for Use by Rail VehiclesComments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS D15 Committee on Railroad Welding, American Welding Society, 8669 Doral Blvd.,

40、Suite 130, Doral, FL 33166.AWS D15.2/D15.2M:2013viiiThis page is intentionally blank.Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vForeword .

41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiList of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiList of Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi1. General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Safety . . . .

45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、 . . . 23. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24. Rail, Rail Components Manufactured from Rail, and Their Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1

47、 Specific Items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Welding and Joining Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、. . . 34.3 Railroad Rail Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 Repair of Battered Rail Ends and Wheel Burns (Carbon Steel or Premium Carbon Steel Rail). . . . . . . . 34.5 Repair of Rail-Type Switc

49、h Points and Switch Point Protectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 Frogs, Crossings, and Other Components Made From Rail Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 Miscellaneous Carbon Steel and Premium Carbon Steel Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55. Repair or Fabrication of Components Manufactured from Austenitic Manganese Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 Metallurgical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .