ASTM F788 F788M-2006 Standard Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts Screws and Studs Inch and Metric Series.pdf

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1、Designation: F 788/F 788M 06Standard Specification forSurface Discontinuities of Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inchand Metric Series1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 788/F 788M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case o

2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specif

3、ication establishes allowable limits for thevarious types of surface discontinuities that may occur duringthe manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs,including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, andsems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded).This specification

4、 covers metric series products with nominaldiameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimumtensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch seriesproducts with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) andlarger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000psi and higher.1.2 When the

5、engineering requirements of the applicationnecessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws,or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTMSpecification F 788/F 788M, in the original inquiry and pur-chase order.1.2.1 When the engineering requirements of the applicationnecess

6、itate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, andstuds be controlled within limits closer than those specified inthis specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicablelimits in the original inquiry and purchase order.1.3 The allowable limits established in this specification formetric

7、 bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirementsgiven in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surfacediscontinuities on any inch-series products.1.4 The values stated in either SI (metric) or inch-poundunits are to be regard

8、ed separately as standard. The valuesstated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, eachsystem must be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith the specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 340 Test Method fo

9、r Macroetching Metals and AlloysF 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance InspectionF 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 6157/I Fasteners, Surface Discontinuities on Bolts,Screws and Studs3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders

10、for bolts, screws, and studs requiring disconti-nuity control shall include the following:3.1.1 ASTM designation and date of issue of this specifica-tion.3.1.2 Special requirements, for example, closer discontinu-ity limits (1.2.1) and inspection sampling plan (6.2).4. Types of Surface Discontinuiti

11、es (see TerminologyF 1789 for definitions not provided)4.1 Crack4.1.1 Quench CracksTypical quench cracks are shown inFig. 1. Limits are specified in 5.2.4.1.2 Forging CracksTypical forging cracks are shown inFig. 2. Limits are specified in 5.3.4.2 BurstTypical bursts are shown in Fig. 3. Limits ares

12、pecified in 5.4.4.2.1 Shear BurstA shear burst is an open break in themetal located at approximately a 45 angle to the product axis.Shear bursts occur most frequently at the periphery of productshaving flanged or circular heads. Shear bursts may also occuron the sides of hex-head products. Typical s

13、hear bursts areshown in Fig. 3. Limits are specified in 5.4.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.93 on QualityAssurance Provisions for Fasteners.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006.

14、 Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F 788/F 788M 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar

15、y page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

16、United States.4.3 SeamTypical seams are shown in Fig. 4. Limits arespecified in 5.5.4.4 FoldTypical folds are shown in Fig. 5 a, b, and c.Limits are specified in 5.6.4.5 Thread LapLimits are specified in SupplementaryRequirement S.1.1.4.6 VoidA void is a shallow pocket or hollow on thesurface of a b

17、olt or screw due to nonfilling of metal duringforging. Voids are produced by marks or impressions of chips(shear burrs) or by rust formation on the raw material. They arenot planished during forging. Typical voids are shown in Fig.6. Limits are specified in 5.7.4.7 Tool MarksTool marks are longitudi

18、nal or circumfer-ential grooves of shallow depth produced by the movement ofmanufacturing tools over the surface of the bolt or screw.Typical tool marks are shown in Fig. 7. Limits are specified in5.8.4.8 GougeA gouge is an indentation on the surface of abolt, screw, or stud produced by the forceful

19、 abrasion or theimpact of a product coming into contact with another productor manufacturing equipment during manufacture, handling, ortransport. Limits are specified in 5.9.5. Allowable Limits5.1 Letter DefinitionsThroughout the following require-ments, D designates the nominal size (basic major di

20、ameter ofthread) of bolts, screws, and studs, except for products withshoulders, in which case D designates the largest shoulderdiameter; and Dc designates flange diameter (specified maxi-mum) or head diameter (specified maximum) of circular headproducts. For metric series products, D and Dc are in

21、millime-tres; for inch-series products, D and Dc are in inches.5.2 Quench CracksQuench cracks of any depth, anylength, or in any location are not permitted.5.3 Forging CracksForging cracks on the top of the headof bolts and screws are permitted, provided that (a) no crackshall have a length exceedin

22、g 1.0 D, and (b) no crack shall havea width or depth exceeding 0.04 D. See Note 1.NOTE 1Forging cracks within the limits of this specification may beunsightly, but do not affect the mechanical properties or functionalrequirements of the bolt.5.4 Bursts and Shear Bursts (see Note 2):5.4.1 For hex-hea

23、d bolts and screws, bursts and shear burstsare permitted, provided that: (1) no burst or shear burst in theflats extends into the crown (chamfer) circle on the top of thehead or into the underhead bearing circle, (2) no burst or shearburst located at the intersection of two wrenching flats reducesth

24、e width across corners below its specified minimum, and (3)no burst or shear burst has a width or depth greater than .06Dbut not to exceed .062 in. (1.6 mm).5.4.2 For flange bolts and screws and products with circularheads, bursts and shear bursts at the periphery of the flange orhead are permitted,

25、 provided that: (1) not more than one burstor shear burst has a width greater than 0.04 Dc , and (2) thewidth of the one burst or shear burst that exceeds a width of0.04 Dc does not have a width greater than 0.08 Dc.5.4.3 For indented head bolts and screws, bursts and shearbursts in the raised perip

26、hery of the indented head arepermitted, provided that: (1) no burst or shear burst has a widthgreater than 0.06 D, and (2) no burst or shear burst has a depthextending below the indented portion.NOTE 2Bursts and shear bursts within the limits of this specificationmay be unsightly, but do not affect

27、the mechanical properties or functionalrequirements of the bolt.5.5 Seams:5.5.1 Seams in the shanks of bolts, screws, and studs arepermitted provided that no seam has a depth greater than 0.03D.FIG. 1 Typical Quench CracksFIG. 2 Typical Forging CracksF 788/F 788M 0625.5.2 Seams extending into the he

28、ads and flanges of boltsand screws are permitted, provided that they do not openbeyond the limits specified for bursts and shear bursts in 5.4.5.6 Folds:5.6.1 Folds located at interior corners that are at or belowthe underhead bearing surface, for example, at the junction ofhead to shank, are not pe

29、rmitted, except for cloverleaf foldsFIG. 3 Typical Bursts and Shear BurstsFIG. 4 Typical SeamsFIG. 5 Typical FoldsF 788/F 788M 063occurring at the intersection of non-circular shoulders withhead bearing face (see Fig. 5a).5.6.2 Folds located at interior corners that are above theunderhead bearing su

30、rface, for example, at the junction of thehex head with the top of flange of flange bolts and screws, arepermitted (see Fig. 5b).5.6.3 Folds located at exterior corners are permitted (seeFig. 5c).5.7 Voids:5.7.1 Voids on the surfaces of bolts, screws, and studs arepermitted, provided that: (1) depth

31、 of voids does not exceed0.25 mm or 0.010 in. or 0.02 D, whichever is greater, and (2)the combined area of all voids on the underhead bearingsurface of bolts and screws does not exceed 10 % of thespecified minimum bearing surface area.5.7.2 The method for determining the area of voids on thebearing

32、surface shall be as agreed upon between the purchaserand the producer.5.8 Tool Marks:5.8.1 Tool marks on the underhead bearing surface arepermitted, provided the surface roughness measurement doesnot exceed 3.2 m or 125 in., determined as the arithmeticaverage deviation from the mean surface.5.8.2 T

33、ool marks on other surfaces of the product arepermitted.5.9 Nicks and GougesNicks, gouges, dents, and scrapesare permitted, provided that the functionability of the productis not impaired.6. Inspection and Evaluation6.1 Bolts, screws, and studs shall be inspected for surfacediscontinuities in accord

34、ance with the procedure in 6.2, 6.3,and 6.4.6.2 The purchaser shall specify in the original inquiry andpurchase order the inspection sampling requirements that theproducer must satisfy to demonstrate the acceptability of bolts,screws, and studs with respect to surface discontinuities.6.3 In the abse

35、nce of purchaser instructions (6.2), inspectionand evaluation shall be in accordance with 6.5.6.4 For referee purposes, unless other procedures have beenspecified by the purchaser (6.2), inspection and evaluation shallbe in accordance with 6.5.6.5 Inspection Procedure:6.5.1 Visual Inspection:6.5.1.1

36、 A random sample shall be taken from the lot inaccordance with Guide F 1470 and examined visually (mag-netic particle or fluid penetrant are recommended) for thepresence of quench cracks, forging cracks, bursts, shear bursts,seams, folds, voids, tool marks, and nicks and gouges. Visualinspection can

37、 include the use of devices that provide up to,and including, 10-power magnification.6.5.1.2 If, during this inspection, any products are foundwith quench cracks in any location or with folds at interiorcorners that are at or below the underhead bearing surface, thelot may be rejected by the purchas

38、er.6.5.1.3 If, during this inspection, any products are foundwith any other surface discontinuity, each discontinuity shallbe measured, and if any is found that exceeds the allowabledimensional limits for that discontinuity as specified in Sec-tion5, the lot may be rejected by the purchaser.7. Keywo

39、rds7.1 bolts; crack; discontinuities (surface); fold; screw (ma-chine, sems, tapping); seam; studs; thread lap; voidFIG. 6 Typical VoidsFIG. 7 Typical Tool MarksF 788/F 788M 064SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by thepur

40、chaser in the inquiry and order. Supplementary Requirements shall in no way negate anyrequirement of the specification itself.S1. Assemblies Subject to Severe Dynamic StressesS1.1 Laps in Screw Threads:S1.1.1 Laps of any depth and any length which originatebelow (or originating above and extending b

41、elow) a pointlocated at a distance equal to or less than 20 % of the threadheight, measured from the minor diameter, are not permitted.See 4.5 and the Fig. S1.1 and Fig. S1.2.S1.1.2 Surface discontinuities of threads caused by thethread rolling process, as in Fig. S1.2, shall be excluded fromthese r

42、equirements provided the discontinuities do not exceedthe depth of 0.5 % 3 nominal diameter and are essentiallyparallel to the adjacent thread contour and are not directedtoward the screw or bolt axis.S1.2 Thread Lap Inspection:S1.2.1 Visual InspectionA random sample shall be se-lected from the lot

43、in accordance with F 1470. The sampleselected shall be surface etched in a 50 % solution of HCl andH2O at approximately 180F (no more than 5 min of etch timeshould be employed as excessive etching may remove shallowthread laps). After etch, the samples shall be examined under a103 magnification for

44、the presence of laps.S1.2.2 Microscopic ExaminationIf laps are present, one ofthe samples shall be sectioned longitudinally on the center lineof the bolt/screw and on a plane passing through the point atwhich any lap extends closest to the minor diameter of thethread. The section shall be etched for

45、 microscopic examina-tion in accordance with Test Method E 340. Acceptance shallbe based on the requirements of S1.1.FIG. S1.1 Typical Thread LapsF 788/F 788M 065SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,F 788/F 788M 05, tha

46、t may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2006.)(1) Revised the specified strength levels in 1.1 and changed“greater” to “higher” to be more grammatically correct.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item men

47、tionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee

48、 and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetin

49、g of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or t