ASTM F2000-2006 Standard Guide for Fences for Ballfields and Other Sports Facilities《球场和其他运动设施用栅栏的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2000 06Standard Guide forFences for Ballfields and Other Sports Facilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2000; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommended minimum require-ments for various types of fences used in softball and baseballballfields and other sports

3、 facilities, and practices for installa-tion.1.2 This guide does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryli

4、mitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI values given in brackets are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence FabricA 491 Specification for Aluminum-Coated S

5、teel Chain-Link Fence FabricA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for ShipmentF 552 Terminology Relating to Chain Link FencingF 567 Practice for Installation of Chain-Link FenceF 626 Specification for Fence FittingsF 668 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (P

6、VC) andOther Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabricF 1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatingson Steel Industrial Chain Link Fence FrameworkF 1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence StructuresF 1183 Specification forAluminu

7、mAlloy Chain Link FenceFabricF 1345 Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-MischmetalAlloy-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence FabricF 1664 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) andOther Conforming Organic Polymer-Coated Steel TensionWire Used with Chain-Link Fence2.2 CPSC Document:CPSC Staff Recommen

8、dations2.3 ASA and Other Ball Sports Associations:Staff Recommendations2.4 BOCA Document:BOCA National Building Code/1993 12th Edition2.5 NFPA Documents:3Staff RecommendationsNFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC)2.6 ANSI/IEEE Document:4ANSI/IEEE C2 National Electric Safety Code3. Terminology3.1 See T

9、erminology F 552 for definitions of terms relatingto chain-link fencing.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, na type of barrier that surrounds and detersballs, bats, and passage to or from the playing area.3.2.2 field, nthe outdoor area that has been either desig-nated, de

10、signed, constructed, or otherwise used for softball orbaseball, or both.3.2.3 grade, nthe finished elevation at any specified pointof the ground or pavement outside or inside the playing area.3.2.4 outdoor, adjsite located outside of a completelyenclosed building or other structure.4. Summary of Gui

11、de4.1 This guide is based in part upon recommendations of thetask groups concerned with baseball and softball of ASTMCommittee F08.4.2 This guide is directed to outfield fences, side or foul linefences, and player seating-box fencing.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide sets forth minimum standard

12、requirementsfor use in local codes and ordinances relating to ballfieldcontainments.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specific Applications.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. O

13、riginallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 2000 - 00a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag

14、e onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International

15、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 This guide does not have the effect of law, nor is itintended to supersede local codes and ordinances of a morerestrictive nature.5.3 Studies, as listed in Annex A1, have been referenced asthe basis for certain

16、 recommendations in this guide and willassist those who intend to provide protection against injuries orfatalities associated with anticipated thrown or hit balls andbats as well as passage to or from a ballfield or other sportsenvironment, thus restricting and deterring passage. Thiswould include,

17、but not be limited to, state and local govern-ments, model code organizations, building code groups, andconsumers. It is understood that the format will vary dependingupon the specific use and local conditions.5.4 Articles and studies have noted that fencing for baseballor softball sports, or both,

18、should exist for baseball and softballsports outfields, player seating, and sidelines.6. Dimensions and Materials6.1 Permanent Outfield Fence:6.1.1 HeightThe top of the fence shall be a minimum of96 in. 2.4 m above grade measured on the side of the fencethat faces away from the ballfield (see 3.2.3

19、for the definitionof grade specific to this guide). The height is to be such thatplayers in the outfield can safely attempt to catch a fly ballwithout impaction on the kidneys, back, or head. However, incircumstances where it is necessary to protect people or objectsoutside the fences, the height sh

20、ould be increased accordingly.Top rail padding systems may also be used. A mid rail is notneeded, in accordance with Specification F 668.6.1.2 Ground ClearanceThe maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be no morethan a 1 in. 25.4 mm reveal or space, measured on the

21、 side ofthe fence that faces the ballfield, to avoid entrapment of feet.6.1.3 PanelsSolid barriers and safety padding that doesnot have openings, such as plastic, plywood, or canvas, shallnot contain indentations or protrusions, except for normalconstruction tolerances and joints. Such indentations

22、shall notbe deeper than 0.375 in. 9.5 mm and should be flush facingthe ballfield.6.1.4 Horizontal and Vertical MembersWhere the fence iscomposed of horizontal and vertical members, the structuralmembers shall be located on the side opposite of the playenvironment to prevent encountering the member.

23、The spacingbetween the vertical or horizontal members shall not exceed134 in. 4.44 cm. If of a lattice design, the members shall bediagonal.6.1.5 Diagonal Members:6.1.5.1 Where the fence is composed of diagonal or otherangular positioned members, such as in a lattice fence, anyopening created by the

24、 diagonal members shall be a maximumof 134 in. 4.44 cm measured in its largest direction, to preventtoe holds. Such members should be on the side away from theballfield.6.1.5.2 Diagonal bracing members extending from one cor-ner to the opposite corner, creating a ladder effect on all stylesof fences

25、 and gates, are not permitted where spacing of verticalor horizontal members in any area between posts exceeds 134in. 4.44 cm, in order to prevent climbing into the ballfield.6.1.6 Fabric or MeshMesh opening for chain-link andother fence fabrics shall be a minimum of 2-in. 5-mm mesh,9 gauge. All cha

26、in-link fabric shall have a knuckle and knuckleselvage and shall be selected from chain-link fabric in accor-dance with Specifications A 392, A 491, F 668,orF 1345.Other materials shall have blunt edges.6.2 Portable Outfield Fence:6.2.1 Portable outfield, and often sideline, fencing is gener-ally us

27、ed when it is necessary to reconfigure the playing fieldboundary for games in which the classification will change orwhen the field is to have multiple uses. The potential for injurycaused by an outfielder colliding with a fence that does notmeet resiliency, break away, or fall-down requirements iss

28、ignificant. The added criteria that must be considered is thestability of the cross or horizontal pieces, supports, the panelfabric opening, the vertical pieces and their give away, and theheight. Portable fence systems made of specially formulatedpolymers in approximate 10-ft 3.05-m lengths with br

29、eak-apart connections and stable support should allow panels torelease and fall down in sections when impacted. The collaps-ibility feature should prevent cartwheeling over the fence andallow the outfielder to be lowered to the ground in a fall. Thedowned panel should quickly and easily return to it

30、s originalposition and be snapped into place.6.3 Wood Outfield Fence:6.3.1 HeightThe top of the fence shall conform to heightfor other fence types.6.3.2 Ground Clearance The clearances shall conform toprior appropriate sections to eliminate foot entrapment.6.3.3 PanelsThe panels should conform to pr

31、ior appro-priate sections with the flush side inside the playing area andshall be covered with a wall padding.6.4 Foul Line Fencing:6.4.1 HeightThe top of the fence shall be a minimum of96 in. to 8 ft 2.44 m above grade measured at the side of thefence from the ballfield where any sideline obstructi

32、ons exist orwhere objects such as other activity areas, parking lots, and soforth have to be protected.6.4.2 Ground Clearance The clearance shall conform toprior appropriate sections to eliminate foot entrapment.6.4.3 PanelsThe panels should conform to prior appro-priate sections.6.4.4 Horizontal an

33、d Vertical MembersThe horizontaland vertical members shall conform to prior appropriatesections.6.4.5 Diagonal MembersThe diagonal members shallconform to prior appropriate sections.6.4.6 Fabric or Mesh The fabric or mesh shall conform toprior appropriate sections.6.5 Spectator Protective Fencing:6.

34、5.1 HeightThe top of the fence shall be a minimum of8 ft, 0 in. 2.44 m above grade or of a greater dimension thatensures protection of spectators from a fouled line drive orrelated trajectory.6.5.2 Ground ClearanceThe clearance shall conform toprior appropriate sections to eliminate foot entrapment.

35、6.5.3 PanelsThe panels shall conform to prior appropriatesections.F20000626.5.4 Horizontal and Vertical MembersThe horizontaland vertical members shall conform to prior appropriatesections.6.5.5 Diagonal MembersThe diagonal members shallconform to prior appropriate sections.6.5.6 Fabric or MeshThe f

36、abric or mesh shall conform toprior appropriate sections.6.6 Player Bench Protective Fencing:6.6.1 HeightThe top of the fence shall be a minimum of72 in. (6 ft) 1.83 m abovegrade measured at the side of theplay side of the fence.6.6.2 Ground ClearanceThe space from the fence bottomand ground shall c

37、onform to prior appropriate sections toeliminate foot entrapment.6.6.3 PanelsThe panels shall conform to prior appropriatesections.6.6.4 Diagonal MembersThe diagonal members shallconform to prior appropriate sections.6.6.5 Fabric or MeshThe fabric or mesh shall conform toprior appropriate sections.6

38、.7 Backstop Fencing:6.7.1 Backstops provide a containment of pitched, thrown,and batted balls. It should delineate the spectator area from theplayfield. It most often consists of three panels; one panelcentered behind home plate with the other two panels locatedat the end of the center panel at an a

39、ngle of 45 to the centerpanel and parallel to the foul lines.6.7.2 Backstops should be of a protective mesh of eitherchain-link or synthetic net materials of a 2 in. 5 mm mesh toprevent climbing.6.7.3 Backstop center panels should be no less than 25 ft7.62 m behind home plate. The side panel should

40、be no lessthan 25 ft from the foul lines.6.7.4 The backstop height and width may vary dependingon the type of ball being played, the size and height of thespectator area around it, and other structures or objects thatshould be protected from foul balls, passed balls, wild pitches,and overthrows. The

41、 minimum height for backstops should be16 ft 4.88 m. The height should be determined by the extentof protection of the spectators while standing behind it at thehighest level of seating. The minimum width of the panels isdependent upon the structural design supporting the chain-linkor net fabric.6.7

42、.5 The backstop overhang panels should be installed atthe top of the center and wings of a design that meets heightregulations of the game played.6.8 Access Gates:6.8.1 Double-leaf access gates shall comply with the re-quirements of prior appropriate sections and shall be equippedwith a padlock devi

43、ce.6.8.2 Single-leaf pedestrian access gates shall open outwardaway from the play environment, shall be self-closing, andshall have a self-latching device. The release mechanism shallbe located on the side opposite of the play environment or thegate. It shall be of a height to facilitate egress/acce

44、ss below thetop of the gate. The gate and fence shall have no openinggreater than12 in. 13 mm within 18 in. 457 mm of therelease mechanism when the gate is in the fully closed position.7. Location7.1 Outfield FenceThe outfield fences are located by aradius measurement from home plate. The radius dis

45、tance isdetermined by the level and type of ball play expected on thefield and in conformance with the efforts of ASTM CommitteeF08 for classification of field systems. There should be nophysical obstructions between the backstop and the outfieldfence, light poles, and foul ball markers, and other e

46、quipmentshould be located outside the playing field fence.7.2 Foul Line FenceThe foul line fence is designed toprotect the fielder from obstructions and other sideline objects,to contain the ball and prevent spectators from intruding ontothe field. The fence shall be offset to the entire foul line f

47、roma point opposite the first and third bases toward the outfieldfence. The minimum distance between the foul line and thefence at the outfield fence shall be 10 ft. 3.05 m. Theminimum distance between the foul line opposite the bases andthe fence line shall be 25 ft. 7.62 m. The fence line may runa

48、t an angle between the two points but in a straight andunbroken line to prevent unanticipated encounter by a playerwith the fence that is angled closer to them along the foul line.See Figs. 1-3.7.3 Spectator Protective FenceThe spectator fence shallbe located where spectators will congregate to watc

49、h the gameor in front of bleachers of an 8 ft height or of a sufficient heightto protect spectators at the highest point of the bleachers.7.4 Player Bench Protective FenceThe player benchfence shall be located in front of all player benches ofa6ftheight.7.5 Backstop FenceThe backstops shall conform to priorappropriate sections applicable to backstops.7.6 GatesThe gates shall be placed to provide emergencyand maintenance access to the field as well as for officials useand player use.8. Grounding8.1 Grounding