ASTM E2711-2011 Standard Guide for Preservation of Liquid Soaked Documents《水浸文件保存的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2711 11Standard Guide forPreservation of Liquid Soaked Documents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used byforensic document examiners (Guide E444) for the preserva-tion of liquid soaked documents.1.2 Thes

3、e procedures include evaluation of the sufficiencyof the material requiring preservation.1.3 The particular methods employed in a given case willdepend upon the nature of the material requiring preservation.1.4 This guide does not cover all procedures to preserveunusual or uncommon liquid soaked doc

4、uments. Consultationwith a document conservationist, archivist, or related materialexpert, as well as reference materials, may be necessary.1.5 This guide does not replace knowledge, skill, ability,experience, education, or training (Guide E2388) and should beused in conjunction with professional ju

5、dgment.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refer

6、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E444 Guide for Scope of Work of Forensic DocumentExaminersE1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic ScienceE2195 Terminology Relating to the Examination of Ques-tioned DocumentsE2388 Guide for Minimum Training Requirements for Fo-rensic Document ExaminersE2710 Guide f

7、or Preservation of Charred Documents3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bone folder, na piece of shaped bone or othermaterial, such as plastic or Teflon, typically used by bookbind-ers to crease paper and to separate pieces of paper that are stucktogether.3.1.2 parylene processing, nthe deposition o

8、f a clearpolymer coating on a document(s) within a vacuum chamber tostrengthen and stabilize the document(s).3.1.3 polyester film encapsulation, na process whereby adocument is sealed between two sheets of polyester film topreserve, stabilize, and facilitate handling.3.1.4 submersion, vthe placement

9、 of a document(s) intoan appropriate liquid to facilitate cleaning, unfolding, orseparation of the document(s).4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedures outlined here are grounded in thegenerally accepted body of knowledge and experience in thefield of forensic document examination and related field

10、s. Byfollowing these procedures, a forensic document examiner canreliably process liquid soaked documents to optimize theirpreservation.5. Interferences5.1 Items submitted may have inherent limitations thatinterfere with the procedures in this guide. Any limitationsshould be recorded.5.2 The results

11、 of prior storage, handling, testing, or pro-cessing can adversely affect the preservation of the docu-ment(s). The document(s) should be frozen or otherwiseimmobilized as soon as possible to stabilize their conditionprior to preservation.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 o

12、n ForensicSciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.02 on QuestionedDocuments.Current edition approved April 15, 2011. Published May 2011. DOI: 10.1520/E2711-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or

13、g. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 The extensive time required for some procedures andthe type o

14、f procedures chosen can conflict with investigativeneeds and other forensic examinations. Coordination with thesubmitter, experts in other forensic disciplines, and otherrelevant individuals might be warranted.6. Equipment and Requirements6.1 Appropriate light source(s) of sufficient intensity toall

15、ow fine detail to be distinguished.NOTE 1Natural light, incandescent, LED or fluorescent sources, orfiber optic lighting systems are generally utilized. Transmitted lighting,side lighting, and vertical incident lighting have been found useful in avariety of situations.6.2 Magnification sufficient to

16、 allow fine detail to be distin-guished.6.3 Picks, such as dental picks, probes, and tweezers.6.4 Atomizer.6.5 Trays, tanks, and pliable screening.6.6 Bone folder or similar device.6.7 Polyester film or other encapsulation material, as re-quired.6.8 Imaging or other equipment for recording observati

17、ons,as required.6.9 Other apparatus, such as freeze dryer, book press orother suitable press, humidity chamber, laboratory oven, andchemicals, as appropriate.6.10 Sufficient time and facilities to complete all applicableprocedures.7. Procedure7.1 All applicable procedures should be performed andnote

18、d when appropriate. These procedures need not be per-formed in the order given.7.2 Document procedures performed, relevant observations,and results.7.2.1 Images should be made to document the initial con-dition of the evidence and subsequently as needed.7.3 It is at the discretion of the examiner to

19、 discontinue orlimit the procedure outlined in this guide when further pro-cessing is no longer practical or appropriate. Document thereasons for such a decision.7.4 Evaluate the documents for the following:7.4.1 The nature and condition of the documents.7.4.2 The nature of the liquid(s).7.4.3 The e

20、xtent of the effect from the liquid(s).7.5 Determine the appropriate procedures to optimize pres-ervation of the document(s).7.5.1 For wet, single-page document(s):7.5.1.1 Select a suitable method, such as submersion ordrying, to unfold the document(s), if necessary.7.5.1.2 Select a suitable method,

21、 such as air drying, freezedrying, or pressing, and dry the document(s).7.5.2 For wet, multi-page document(s):7.5.2.1 Determine if the wet pages can be separated orunfolded without additional damage. This can be accomplishedby submerging the document(s) in an appropriate liquid, suchas water or mine

22、ral spirits. If the pages cannot be separated orunfolded, select a suitable drying process, such as air drying,freeze drying, or pressing.7.5.3 For dried document(s):7.5.3.1 Attempt to separate, if necessary, and flatten thepages using appropriate equipment, such as bone folders,picks, probes, and t

23、weezers. Prior to or during the attempt toseparate and flatten the document(s), it may be necessary torehumidify or resubmerge the document(s). Rehumidificationwith appropriate fluids may be accomplished with an atomizer,humidity chamber, or both. When resubmerging the docu-ment(s), an appropriate c

24、ontainer and screen should be utilized.7.5.4 For documents received frozen:7.5.4.1 Freeze dry the document(s) and refer to 7.5.3.1.Iftime does not permit, thaw the document(s) and treat as wetdocument(s).7.6 Encapsulation of the document(s) upon completion,such as with polyester film or glass, or ot

25、her procedures, suchas parylene processing, may be advisable.7.7 Other forensic examinations may be conducted as re-quired.8. Report8.1 Report the results of these procedures as appropriate.9. Keywords9.1 forensic sciences; freeze dry; liquid soaked documents;preservation; questioned documents; wate

26、r soaked documentsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement o

27、f such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for

28、additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known t

29、o the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E2711 112