ASTM E2329-2004 Standard Practice for Identification of Seized Drugs《抓药识别的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 2329 04Standard Practice forIdentification of Seized Drugs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2329; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese

2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes minimum criteria for the quali-tative analysis (identification) of seized drugs.1.2 Listed are a number of analytical techniques f

3、or theidentification of seized drugs. These techniques are grouped onthe basis of their discriminating power. Analytical schemesbased on these groupings are described.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 1968 Guide for Microcrystal Testing in the ForensicAnalysis of CocaineE 1969 Guide for M

4、icrocrystal Testing in the ForensicAnalysis of Methamphetamine and AmphetamineE 2326 Practice for the Education and Training of Seized-Drug AnalystsE 2327 Practice for Quality Assurance of Laboratories Per-forming Seized-Drug Analysis2.2 Other Document:Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Se

5、ized DrugsRecommendations for: Education and Training, QualityAssurance, Methods of Analysis3. Significance and Use3.1 These are minimum standards applicable to the identi-fication of seized drugs.3.2 It is recognized that the correct identification of a drugor chemical depends on the use of an anal

6、ytical scheme basedon validated methods and the competence of the analyst.3.3 This practice requires the use of multiple uncorrelatedtechniques. It does not discourage the use of any particularmethod within an analytical scheme. Unique requirements indifferent jurisdictions may dictate the actual pr

7、actices followedby a particular laboratory.3.4 These are minimum standards for identification ofcommonly seized drugs. However, it should be noted that theymay not be sufficient for identification of all drugs in allcircumstances. Within this practice, it is up to the individuallaboratory to determi

8、ne which combination of analytical tech-niques best satisfies the requirements of its jurisdictions.4. Categories of Analytical Techniques4.1 For the purpose of this practice, techniques for theanalysis of drug samples may be divided into three categoriesbased on their discriminating power. Table 1

9、provides ex-amples of techniques in order of decreasing discriminatingpower, from A to C.5. Identification Criteria5.1 This practice requires that the following minimumcriteria be followed when making analytical identifications5.1.1 When a validated Category A technique is incorpo-rated into an anal

10、ytical scheme, then at least one othertechnique (from either Category A, B or C) must be used.5.1.1.1 This combination must identify the specific drugpresent and must preclude a false positive identification.5.1.1.2 When sample size allows, the second techniqueshould be applied on a separate samplin

11、g for quality assurancereasons. When sample size is limited, additional measuresshould be taken to assure that the results correspond to thecorrect sample.5.1.1.3 All Category A techniques must have data that arereviewable.5.1.2 When a Category A technique is not used, then at leastthree different v

12、alidated methods must be employed.5.1.2.1 These in combination must demonstrate the identityof the specific drug present and must preclude a false positiveidentification.5.1.2.2 Two of the three methods must be based on uncor-related techniques from Category B.5.1.2.3 A minimum of two separate sampl

13、ings should beused in these three tests. When sample size is limited, addi-tional measures should be taken to assure that the resultscorrespond to the correct sample.5.1.2.4 All Category B techniques must have reviewabledata.5.1.3 For the use of any method to be considered of value,test results must

14、 be considered “positive.” While “negative”test results provide useful information for ruling out the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on ForensicSciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Pub

15、lished September 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr

16、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.presence of a particular drug or drug class, these results havelittle value toward establishing the forensic identification of adrug.5.1.4 In cases where hyphenated techniques are used (forexample, gas chromatography-mass sp

17、ectrometry, liquidchromatography-diode array ultraviolet spectrophotometry),they will be considered as separate techniques provided that theresults from each are used. If a hyphenated technique is used asthe sole means of identifying a substance, it should be appliedto two separate samplings, for qu

18、ality assurance reasons.5.1.5 Cannabis exhibits tend to have characteristics that arevisually recognizable. Thus, macroscopic and microscopicexaminations of cannabis will be considered Category Btechniques when observations include documented details ofbotanical features. Additional testing must fol

19、low the schemeoutlined in sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.5.1.5.1 For exhibits of cannabis that lack sufficient observ-able macroscopic and microscopic botanical detail (for ex-ample, extracts or residues), D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)or other cannabinoid must be identified utilizing the principlesset for

20、th in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.5.1.6 Examples of reviewable data are:5.1.6.1 Printed spectra, chromatograms and photographs,digitals images or photocopies (color where appropriate) ofTLC plates.5.1.6.2 Contemporaneous documented peer review, as wellas photographs and digital images, for microcrystalline test

21、s.5.1.6.3 Recording of detailed descriptions of morphologicalcharacteristics for cannabis (only).5.1.6.4 Reference to published data for pharmaceuticalidentifiers.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this s

22、tandard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be re

23、viewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of therespons

24、ible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West

25、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Categories

26、 of Analytical TechniquesCategory A Category B Category CInfrared Spectroscopy Capillary Electrophoresis Color TestsMass Spectrometry Gas Chromatography Fluorescence SpectroscopyNuclear MagneticResonance SpectroscopyIon Mobility Spectrometry ImmunoassayRaman Spectroscopy Liquid Chromatography Melting PointMicrocrystalline Tests Ultraviolet SpectroscopyPharmaceutical IdentifiersThin LayerChromatographyCannabis only:Macroscopic ExaminationMicroscopic ExaminationE2329042