ASTM E6-2007a Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing《机械试验方法的相关标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation:E607aStandard Terminology Relating toMethods of Mechanical Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 6; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating tomethods of mechanica
3、l testing of solids. The general defini-tions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to makethem particularly applicable and practicable for use in stan-dards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These defini-tions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology inproduct specifi
4、cations.1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are definedin Terminology E 1823.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-rials MetricE 796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of
5、 Metallic FoilE 1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Test-ing3. Index of Terms3.1 The definitions of the following terms, which are listedalphabetically, appear in the indicated sections of 4.1.Term Sectionaccuracy Galignment Bangle of bend Dangle of twist Bangular strain see strainaxia
6、l strain see strainbearing area Fbearing force Fbearing strain Fbearing strength Fbearing stress Fbearing yield strength Fbend test Dbending strain see strainbias, statistical Gbiaxial stretching Dbreaking load BBrinell hardness number CBrinell hardness test Ccalibration Gcalibration factor Gchord m
7、odulus see modulus of elasticitycompressive strength Bcompressive stress see stresscompressometer Gconstraint Acreep Ecreep recovery Ecreep rupture strength Ecreep strength Edeep drawing Ddeflectometer Gdirect verification Gdiscontinuous yielding Bdiscontinuous yielding stress Bductility Adynamic me
8、chanical measurement Geccentricity Bedge distance Fedge distance ratio Felastic calibration device Gelastic constants see modulus of elasticity and Poissonsratioelastic force-measurement device Gelastic limit Aelastic modulus see modulus of elasticityelastic true strain Aelongation Bengineering stra
9、in see strainengineering stress see stressextensometer Gextensometer system Gfatigue ductility Dfatigue life Bforming limit curve Dforming limit diagram Dfracture ductility Afracture strength Afracture stress see stressfree bend Dforce Agage length Gguided bend Dhardness Cindentation hardness Cindir
10、ect verification Ginitial recovery E1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 onMechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.91 onTerminology except where designated otherwise. A subcommittee designation inparentheses following a definition indicate
11、s the subcommittee with responsibility forthat definition.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved 1923. Last previous edition approved 2007 as E607.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servicea
12、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.initial strain Einitial stress EKnoop hardness number CKnoo
13、p hardness test Climiting dome height Dlinear (tensile or compressive) strain see strainload Alower yield strength Bmacrostrain see strainmalleability see ductilitymandrel (in bend testing) Dmechanical hysteresis Amechanical properties Amechanical testing Amicrostrain see strainmodulus of elasticity
14、 Amodulus of rigidity see modulus of elasticitymodulus of rupture in bending Dmodulus of rupture in torsion Bnecking Bnominal stress see stressnormal stress see stressphysical properties see mechanical propertiespin see mandrel (in bend testing)plastic true strain Aplunger see mandrel (in bend testi
15、ng)precision Gprimary force standard Gprincipal stress see stressPoissons ratio Aproportional limit Aradius of bend Drate of creep Ereduction of area Brelaxation rate Erelaxed stress Eremaining stress Eresidual strain see strainresidual stress see stressRockwell hardness number CRockwell hardness te
16、st CRockwell superficial hardness num-bersee Rockwell hardness numberRockwell superficial hardness test Csemi-guided bend DScleroscope hardness number CScleroscope hardness test Csecondary force standard Gset Asecant modulus see modulus of elasticityshear fracture Bshear modulus Ashear strain see st
17、rainshear strength Bshear stress see stressslenderness ratio Bstatic fatigue strength see creep rupture strengthstrain Astrain gage fatigue life see fatigue lifestrain hardening Astress Astress relaxation Estress-rupture strength see creep rupture strengthstress-strain diagram Atangent modulus see m
18、odulus of elasticitytensile strength Btensile stress see stresstension testing machine Atesting machine Atorque Atorsional modulus see modulus of elasticitytorsional stress see stresstotal elongation Btransverse strain see straintrue strain see straintrue stress see stressuniform elongation Bupper y
19、ield strength Bverification GVickers hardness number CVickers hardness test Cwrap-around bend Dyield point Byield point elongation Byield strength B (also see upper yield strength andlower yield strength)Youngs modulus Azero time E4. Terminology4.1 Terms and Definitions:A. GENERAL DEFINITIONSconstra
20、int, nany restriction to the deformation of a body.(E28.11)ductility, nthe ability of a material to deform plasticallybefore fracturing. (E28.02)DISCUSSIONDuctility is usually evaluated by measuring (1) theelongation or reduction of area from a tension test, (2) the depth of cupfrom a cupping test,
21、(3) the radius or angle of bend from the bend test,or (4) the fatigue ductility from the fatigue ductility test (see TestMethod E 796).DISCUSSIONMalleability is the ability to deform plastically underrepetitive compressive forces.elastic limit FL2, nthe greatest stress which a material iscapable of
22、sustaining without any permanent strain remain-ing upon complete release of the stress.DISCUSSIONDue to practical considerations in determining theelastic limit, measurements of strain, using a small force rather thanzero force, are usually taken as the initial and final reference.fracture ductility
23、, ef, nthe true plastic strain at fracture.fracture strength, SfFL2, nthe normal stress at thebeginning of fracture. Fracture strength is calculated fromthe force at the beginning of fracture during a tension testand the original cross-sectional area of the specimen.force F, nin mechanical testing,
24、a vector quantity offundamental nature characterized by a magnitude, a direc-tion, a sense, and a discrete point of application, that actsexternally upon a test object and creates stresses in it.(E28.91)DISCUSSIONForce is a derived unit of the SI system. Units of forcein the SI system are newtons (N
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