ASTM D3278-1996(2004)e1 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus《小刻度闭杯装置测定液体闪点的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D3278-1996(2004)e1 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus《小刻度闭杯装置测定液体闪点的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D3278-1996(2004)e1 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus《小刻度闭杯装置测定液体闪点的标准试验方法》.pdf(8页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 3278 96 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Test Methods forFlash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-CupApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEWarning notes were editorial
3、ly moved into the text in November 2004.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determiningwhether a material does or does not flash at a specifiedtemperature or for determining the lowest finite temperature atwhich a material does flash when using a small scale closed-cup apparatus.2The
4、 test methods are applicable to paints,enamels, lacquers, varnishes, and related products having aflash point between 0 and 110C (32 and 230F) and viscositylower than 150 St at 25C (77F).NOTE 1Tests at higher or lower temperatures are possible.NOTE 2More viscous materials may be tested in accordance
5、 withAnnex A4.NOTE 3Organic peroxides may be tested in accordance with AnnexA5, which describes the applicable safety precautions.NOTE 4The U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA, Hazard Communica-tions), the U.S. Department of Transportation (RSPA), and the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have sp
6、ecified Test MethodsD 3278 as one of several acceptable methods for the determination of flashpoint of liquids in their regulations.NOTE 5These test methods are similar to International Standards ISO3679 and ISO 3680.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values giv
7、en in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describethe response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions and should not be used todescribe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials,products, or assem
8、blies under actual fire conditions. However,results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard ora fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of thefactors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazardor fire risk of a particular end use.1.4 This standard does not purport
9、to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see 8.1 and 11.2.2
10、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed TesterD 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed TesterD 850 Test Method for Distillation of Industrial AromaticHydrocarbons and Related MaterialsD 1015 Test Method for Freezing Points of High-Pur
11、ityHydrocarbonsD 1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of VolatileOrganic Liquids2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 3679 Paints, varnishes, petroleum and relatedproductsDetermination of flash pointRapid equilib-rium methodISO 3680 Paints, varnishes, petroleum and relatedproductsFlash/no flash testRapid equili
12、brium method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 flash point, nthe lowest temperature, corrected to apressure of 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa, 1013 mbar), at which1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the directr
13、esponsibility of Subcommittee D01.22 on Health and Safety.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 3278 96e1.2Small scale closed-cup apparatus has been found suitable for this purpose.3For referenced ASTM
14、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute, 13th Floor, 11 W. 42ndSt.,
15、New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.application of an ignition source causes the vapor of thespecimen to ignite under specified conditions of test.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 By means of a syringe, 2
16、mLof the sample is introducedthrough a leakproof entry port into the tightly closed smallscale closed-cup apparatus2or directly into the cup that hasbeen brought to the required test temperature. As a flash/noflash test, the expected flash point temperature may be aspecification or other operating r
17、equirement.After 1 min, a testflame is applied inside the cup and note is taken whether or notthe test specimen flashes. A fresh specimen must be used if arepeat test is necessary.4.2 For a finite flash point measurement, the temperature issequentially increased through the anticipated range, the te
18、stflame being applied at 5C (9F) intervals until a flash isobserved. A true determination is then made using a freshspecimen, starting the test at the temperature of the last intervalbefore the flash point of the material and making tests atincreasing 0.5C (1F) intervals.5. Significance and Use5.1 F
19、lash point is one of the properties used to define theflammability of a liquid. It is used to classify liquids accordingto their flammability by governmental regulatory agencies. Itmay also be used to determine the presence of impurities orcontaminants in a given liquid, such as the presence of resi
20、dualsolvents in solvent-refined drying oils. See Test Methods D 56and D 93 for alternate flash point testing.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Cup and Cover Assembly5The essential dimen-sions and requirements of the apparatus are shown in Fig.A1.1and described in Annex A1.6.2 Thermometers,6low, medium, high temp
21、erature smallscale. Test to determine that the scale error does not exceed0.25C (0.5F). The use of a magnifying lens assists in makingtemperature observations.6.3 Glass Syringe,26 0.1-mL capacity at 25C (77F), toprovide a means of taking a uniform specimen. Check thecapacity by discharging water int
22、o a weighing bottle andweighing. Adjust plunger if necessary. A disposable syringe ofequal precision may be used.6.4 Aluminum Cooling Block7(describing in Annex A2),that fits snugly within the test cup used for rapid cooling of thesample cup.6.5 Barometer.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 p-Xylene,8refer
23、ence standard.7.2 n-Butanol,9reference standard.7.3 Cooling Mixtures of ice and water or solid CO2(dryice) and acetone.7.4 Liquified Petroleum Gas.7.5 Heat Transfer Paste.108. Sampling8.1 The specimen size for each test is 2 mL. Obtain at leasta 25-mLsample from the bulk source and store in a nearly
24、 full,tightly closed, clean glass container or in other containersuitable for the type of liquid being sampled. (WarningErroneously high flash points may be obtained if precautionsare not taken to avoid loss of volatile material. Do not opensample containers unnecessarily and do not transfer the spe
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