ASTM D2866-2011(2018) Standard Test Method for Total Ash Content of Activated Carbon.pdf

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1、Designation: D2866 11 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forTotal Ash Content of Activated Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determi-nation of total ash content of activated carbon.1.2 The values stated in S

3、I units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, a

4、nd environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International

5、 Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonD7582 Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal andCoke by Macro Thermogravimetric

6、 AnalysisE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 An accurately weighed sample of dried activated carbonis placed in a controlled-temperature m

7、uffle furnace for aperiod of several hours. When constant weight has beenachieved (60.5 mg), the crucible is cooled to ambient tem-perature in a desiccator and reweighed. The weight of the ashedcarbon is expressed as a percentage of the weight of theoriginal carbon sample.4. Significance and Use4.1

8、In specific end uses, the amount and composition of theash may influence the capabilities and certain desired proper-ties of activated carbon.4.2 Other automated methods for determination of ashcontent, such as combusting the carbon in a thermogravimetricanalyzer (TGA) in flowing air or oxygen, can

9、be used in placeof this test method. A suitable method is described in TestMethods D7582. For determination of the ash content ofactivated carbon, follow the procedure in 13.5.3 of TestMethods D7582, with the exception that the furnace tempera-ture in 13.4.3 shall be 650 6 25 C. The muffle furnace m

10、ethodshall be considered the reference test method.5. Apparatus5.1 Muffle Furnace, having air circulation, capable of tem-perature regulation of 625 C at 650 C.5.2 High-Temperature Crucible, high-form.5.3 Analytical Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.5.4 Desiccator.5.5 Oven, forced-air circulat

11、ion, capable of temperatureregulation between 145 and 155 C.6. Procedure6.1 Ignite the crucible in the muffle furnace at 650 6 25 Cfor 1 h. Place the crucible in the desiccator. Cool to roomtemperature and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg.6.2 Dry an adequate sample of activated carbon to constantweight (

12、60.5 mg) at 150 6 5 C (3 h is usually sufficient).NOTE 1Some carbons can ignite spontaneously at 150 C. In thiscase, moist carbon should be used with a correction for moisture (inaccordance with Test Methods D2867) applied in the calculations. In thiscase, the ashing should be started in a cold muff

13、le furnace.6.3 Weigh out to the nearest 0.1 mg sufficient dried acti-vated carbon, so that the estimated amount of ash will be 0.1 g,into the ignited crucible and place the crucible in the furnace at650 6 25 C. Ashing will require from 3 to 16 h, depending on1This test method is under the jurisdicti

14、on of ASTM Committee D28 onActivated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on GasPhase Evaluation Tests.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2866 11. DOI:10.1520/D2866-11R18.2For re

15、ferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We

16、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World T

17、rade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1the size and type of activated carbon.Ashing can be consideredcomplete when constant weight (60.5 mg) is achieved.6.4 Place the crucible in the desiccator and allow to cool toroom temperature. After the sample has cooled in thedesiccator

18、, admit air slowly to avoid loss of ash from thecrucible. Weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate the ash content as follows:Total ash, % 5 D 2 B!/C 2 B!# 3100 (1)where:B = weight of crucible, g,C = weight of crucible plus original sample, g, andD = weight of crucible plus ashed samp

19、le, g.8. Precision and Bias38.1 Precision:8.1.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy was run in which representative samples of three types ofactivated carbon (coconut shell-based (A), coal-based (B), andwood-based (C) were tested for ash content by sixlaboratories, with each laborato

20、ry making three observations ofeach activated carbon type over three days. Practice E691 wasfollowed for the design and analysis of the data.8.1.2 Test ResultThe precision information given in Table1 in units of measurement (percent minus weight ash content)is for the comparison of two test results,

21、 each of which is theaverage of three test determinations.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pate

22、nt rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited eith

23、er for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair h

24、earing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standa

25、rd may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Da

26、nvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D28-1004. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.TABLE 1 PrecisionMaterial A B CAverage Test Value 7.74 1.88 4.6195 % Repeatability LimitA(

27、Within Laboratory)0.27 0.22 0.2295 % Reproducibility LimitA(Between Laboratories)0.41 0.54 0.48AThe terms repeatability limit and reproducibility limit are used in accordance withPractice E177. The respective standard deviations among test results may beobtained by dividing the above limit values by 2.8.D2866 11 (2018)2