ASTM C805 C805M-2008 Standard Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete《硬化混凝土的回弹指数的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: C 805/C 805M 08Standard Test Method forRebound Number of Hardened Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 805/C 805M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of a reboun

3、dnumber of hardened concrete using a spring-driven steelhammer.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combinin

4、gvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determi

5、ne the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 42/C 42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bia

6、s Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of MetallicMaterials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, referto Terminology C 125.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A steel hammer impacts, with a predetermined

7、 amountof energy, a steel plunger in contact with a surface of concrete,and the distance that the hammer rebounds is measured.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is applicable to assess the in-placeuniformity of concrete, to delineate regions in a structure ofpoorer quality or deteriorated c

8、oncrete, and to estimate in-placestrength.5.2 Relationships between rebound number and concretestrength that are provided by instrument manufacturers shall beused only to provide indications of relative concrete strength atdifferent locations in a structure. To use this test method toestimate streng

9、th, it is necessary to establish a relationshipbetween strength and rebound number for a given concretemixture and given apparatus. Establish the relationship bycorrelating rebound numbers measured on the structure withthe strengths of cores taken from corresponding locations. Atleast two replicate

10、cores shall be taken from at least sixlocations with different rebound numbers. Select test locationsso that a wide range of rebound numbers in the structure isobtained. Obtain, moisture condition, and test cores in accor-dance with Test Method C 42/C 42M.NOTE 1See ACI 228.1R3for additional informat

11、ion on developingthe relationship and on using the relationship to estimate in-place strength.5.3 For a given concrete mixture, the rebound number isaffected by factors such as moisture content of the test surface,the method used to obtain the test surface (type of formmaterial or type of finishing)

12、, vertical distance from the bottomof a concrete placement, and the depth of carbonation. Thesefactors need to be considered in interpreting rebound numbers.5.4 Different hammers of the same nominal design may giverebound numbers differing from 1 to 3 units. Therefore, testsshould be made with the s

13、ame hammer in order to compareresults. If more than one hammer is to be used, perform tests on1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.64 on Nondestructive and In-Place Testing.Current edi

14、tion approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 805 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume infor

15、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3ACI 228.1R-95, “In-Place Methods to Estimate Concrete Strength,” AmericanConcrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094,http:/www.concrete.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this

16、standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.a range of typical concrete surfaces so as to determine themagnitude of the differences to be expected.5.5 This test method is not suitable as the basis for accep-tance or rejec

17、tion of concrete.6. Apparatus6.1 Rebound Hammer, consisting of a spring-loaded steelhammer that when released strikes a steel plunger in contactwith the concrete surface. The spring-loaded hammer musttravel with a consistent and reproducible velocity. The rebounddistance of the steel hammer from the

18、 steel plunger is measuredon a linear scale attached to the frame of the instrument.NOTE 2Several types and sizes of rebound hammers are commer-cially available to accommodate testing of various sizes and types ofconcrete construction.6.2 Abrasive Stone, consisting of medium-grain texturesilicon car

19、bide or equivalent material.6.3 Test Anvil, approximately 150-mm 6-in. diameter by150-mm 6-in. high cylinder made of tool steel with an impactarea hardened to 66 6 2 HRC as measured by Test MethodsE18. An instrument guide is provided to center the reboundhammer over the impact area and keep the inst

20、rument perpen-dicular to the surface.6.4 VerificationRebound hammers shall be serviced andverified annually and whenever there is reason to question theirproper operation. Verify the functional operation of a reboundhammer using the test anvil described in 6.3. During verifica-tion, support the test

21、 anvil on a bare concrete floor or slab. Themanufacturer shall report the rebound number to be obtainedby a properly operating instrument when tested on an anvil ofspecified hardness.NOTE 3Typically, a rebound hammer will result in a rebound numberof 80 6 2 when tested on the anvil described in 6.3.

22、 The test anvil needsto be supported on a rigid base to obtain reliable rebound numbers.Verification on the test anvil does not guarantee that the hammer will yieldrepeatable data at other points on the scale. The hammer can be verifiedat lower rebound numbers by using blocks of polished stone havin

23、guniform hardness. Some users compare several hammers on concrete orstone surfaces encompassing the usual range of rebound numbers encoun-tered in the field.7. Test Area and Interferences7.1 Selection of Test SurfaceConcrete members to betested shall be at least 100 mm 4 in. thick and fixed within a

24、structure. Smaller specimens must be rigidly supported. Avoidareas exhibiting honeycombing, scaling, or high porosity. Donot compare test results if the form material against which theconcrete was placed is not similar (see Note 4). Troweledsurfaces generally exhibit higher rebound numbers thanscree

25、ded or formed finishes. If possible, test structural slabsfrom the underside to avoid finished surfaces.7.2 Preparation of Test SurfaceAtest area shall be at least150 mm 6 in. in diameter. Heavily textured, soft, or surfaceswith loose mortar shall be ground flat with the abrasive stonedescribed in 6

26、.2. Smooth-formed or troweled surfaces do nothave to be ground prior to testing (see Note 4). Do not compareresults from ground and unground surfaces. Remove freesurface water, if present, before testing.NOTE 4Where formed surfaces were ground, increases in reboundnumber of 2.1 for plywood formed su

27、rfaces and 0.4 for high-densityplywood formed surfaces have been noted.4Dry concrete surfaces givehigher rebound numbers than wet surfaces. The presence of surfacecarbonation can also result in higher rebound numbers.5In cases of a thicklayer of carbonated concrete, it may be necessary to remove the

28、 carbon-ated layer in the test area, using a power grinder, to obtain reboundnumbers that are representative of the interior concrete. Data are notavailable on the relationship between rebound number and thickness ofcarbonated concrete. The user should exercise professional judgmentwhen testing carb

29、onated concrete.7.3 Do not test frozen concrete.NOTE 5Moist concrete at 0 C 32 F or less may exhibit highrebound values. Concrete should be tested only after it has thawed. Thetemperatures of the rebound hammer itself may affect the reboundnumber. Rebound hammers at -18 C 0 F may exhibit rebound num

30、bersreduced by as much as 2 or 3 units6.7.4 For readings to be compared, the direction of impact,horizontal, downward, upward, or at another angle, must be thesame or established correction factors shall be applied to thereadings.7.5 Do not conduct tests directly over reinforcing bars withcover less

31、 than 20 mm 0.75 in.NOTE 6The location of reinforcement may be established usingreinforcement locators or metal detectors. Follow the manufacturersinstructions for proper operation of such devices.8. Procedure8.1 Hold the instrument firmly so that the plunger isperpendicular to the test surface. Gra

32、dually push the instrumenttoward the test surface until the hammer impacts. After impact,maintain pressure on the instrument and, if necessary, depressthe button on the side of the instrument to lock the plunger inits retracted position. Read the rebound number on the scale tothe nearest whole numbe

33、r and record the rebound number. Taketen readings from each test area. No two impact tests shall becloser together than 25 mm 1 in. Examine the impressionmade on the surface after impact, and if the impact crushes orbreaks through a near-surface air void disregard the readingand take another reading

34、.9. Calculation9.1 Discard readings differing from the average of 10readings by more than 6 units and determine the average of theremaining readings. If more than 2 readings differ from theaverage by 6 units, discard the entire set of readings anddetermine rebound numbers at 10 new locations within

35、the testarea.10. Report10.1 Report the following information, if known, for eachtest area.10.1.1 General information:10.1.1.1 Date of testing,4Gaynor, R. D., “In-Place Strength of ConcreteA Comparison of Two TestSystems,” and “Appendix to Series 193,” National Ready Mixed Concrete Assn.,TIL No. 272,

36、 November 1969.5Zoldners, N. G., “Calibration and Use of Impact Test Hammer,” Proceedings ,American Concrete Institute, Vol 54, August 1957, pp. 161165.6National Ready Mixed Concrete Assn., TIL No. 260, April 1968.C 805/C 805M 08210.1.1.2 Air temperature and time of testing,10.1.1.3 Age of concrete,

37、 and10.1.1.4 Identification of test location in the concrete con-struction and the size of member tested.10.1.2 Information about the concrete:10.1.2.1 Mixture identification and type of coarse aggre-gate, and10.1.2.2 Specified strength of concrete.10.1.3 Description of test area:10.1.3.1 Surface ch

38、aracteristics (trowelled, screeded.formed),10.1.3.2 If applicable, type of form material used for testarea,10.1.3.3 If surface was ground and depth of grinding,10.1.3.4 If applicable, curing conditions, and10.1.3.5 Surface moisture condition (wet or dry).10.1.4 Hammer information:10.1.4.1 Hammer ide

39、ntification or serial number, and10.1.4.2 Date of hammer verification.10.1.5 Rebound number data:10.1.5.1 Orientation of hammer during test,10.1.5.2 On vertical surfaces (walls, columns, deep beams),relative elevation of test region,10.1.5.3 Individual rebound numbers,10.1.5.4 Remarks regarding disc

40、arded readings,10.1.5.5 Average rebound number, and10.1.5.6 If applicable, description of unusual conditions thatmay affect test readings.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe single-specimen, single-operator, ma-chine, day standard deviation is 2.5 units (1s) as defined inPractice C 670. Therefor

41、e, the range of ten readings should notexceed 12.11.2 BiasThe bias of this test method cannot be evaluatedsince the rebound number can only be determined in terms ofthis test method.12. Keywords12.1 concrete; in-place strength; nondestructive testing; re-bound hammer; rebound numberSUMMARY OF CHANGE

42、SCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue,C 805 02, that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved August 1, 2008)(1) The standard was revised as a combined units designation.(2) Revised 5.2 by requiring a correlation to be develo

43、ped onlyby using cores.(3) Revised 5.3 by adding information on the effect ofelevation in a concrete placement.(4) Revised 5.5 to clarify that the method is not suitable toaccept or reject concrete.(5) Revised 7.2 by adding a provision to remove free waterbefore testing. Revised Note 4 by deleting t

44、he sentencereferring to wetting of the surface.(6) Revised Section 10 Report to provide more logical group-ings of the information to be reported and to acknowledge thatall the information may not be known.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in

45、connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the res

46、ponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive caref

47、ul consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International

48、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 805/C 805M 083