[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷114及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 114及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.“ On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things,

2、 and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency. Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be con

3、sidered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments. “It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的 ) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,“ he said. “Right now, people think of aging as natural and som

4、ething you cant control,“ he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.“ “But if aging w

5、ere recognized as a disease,“ he said. “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable.“ “It was always known that the body accumulates damage,“ he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of

6、 it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.“ Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them. “Therere ma

7、ny people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,“ Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.“ 1 What do people generally believe about agin

8、g? （ A） It should cause no alarm whatsoever. （ B） They just cannot do anything about it. （ C） It should be regarded as a kind of disease. （ D） They can delay it with advances in science. 2 How do many scientists view aging now? （ A） It might be prevented and treated. （ B） It can be as risky as heart

9、 disease. （ C） It results from a vitamin deficiency. （ D） It is an irreversible biological process. 3 What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease“? （ A） It will prompt people to take aging more seriously. （ B） It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging. （ C） It will

10、 free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging. （ D） It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging. 4 What do we learn about the medical community? （ A） They now have a strong interest in research on aging. （ B） They differ from the academic circles in their view

11、on aging. （ C） They can contribute to peoples health only to a limited extent. （ D） They have ways to intervene in peoples aging process. 5 What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe? （ A） The human lifespan cannot be prolonged. （ B） Aging is hardly separable from disease. （ C） Few people can live

12、 up to the age of 92. （ D） Heart disease is the major cause of aging. 5 The Internet can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask questions and seek out facts behind stories and candidates, according to the head of the largest U.S. online service. “But the greatest potential

13、for public participation is still in the future,“ Steven Case, Chairman of America Online, told a recent meeting on Journalism and the Internet sponsored by the Freedom Forum(论坛 ). However, some other experts often say the new technology of computers is changing the face of journalism, giving report

14、ers access to more information and their readers a chance to ask questions and turn to different sources. “You dont have to buy a newspaper and be confined to the four corners of that paper any more,“ Sam Meddis, online technology editor at USA Today, observed about the variety of information availa

15、ble to computer users. But the experts noted the easy access to the Internet also means anyone can post information for others to see. “Anyone can say anything they want, whether its right or wrong,“ said Case. Readers have to determine for themselves who to trust. “In a world of almost infinite voi

16、ces, respected journalists and respected brand names will probably become more important, not less,“ Case said. “The Internet today is about where radio was 80 years ago, or television 50 years ago or cable 25 years ago,“ he said. But it is growing rapidly because it provides people fast access to n

17、ews and a chance to comment on it. 6 The main topic of this passage is _. （ A） the development of journalism （ B） the rapid development of the Internet （ C） the effect the Internet has on journalism （ D） the advantages of the Internet 7 It can be inferred from this passage that the fact that _ may N

18、OT be regarded as an advantage of the Internet. （ A） the news can be made more democratic （ B） the public can turn to different sources （ C） the public can get a chance to ask questions （ D） anything can be posted on the Internet for others to see 8 The correct order for the appearance of the four t

19、echnologies is _. （ A） Internet-cable-television-radio （ B） radio-television-cable-Internet （ C） radio-cable-television-Internet （ D） television-radio-cable-Internet 9 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） Only respected journalists can post information on the Internet for others to see. （

20、 B） Respected journalists will probably become more important than before. （ C） Everyone is using the Internet now. （ D） The greatest potential of public participation of the Internet is in the near future. 9 There is a range of activities which require movements of about one to four or five miles.

21、These might be leisure activities, such as moving from home to swimming pool, tennis club, the theater or other cultural centers, or to a secondary or more advanced school, or they might be movements associated with work and shopping in the central areas of cities. The use of cars capable of carryin

22、g five people at 80 mph for satisfying these needs is wasteful of space and most productive of disturbance to other road users. The use of the bicycle, or some more modern derivative of it, is probably worth more consideration than has recently been given to it. The bicycle itself is a remarkably ef

23、ficient and simple device for using human muscular energy for transportation. In pure energy terms, it is four to five times as efficient as walking, even though human walking itself is twice as efficient as the movement of effective animals such as dogs or gulls. It is still widely used, not only i

24、n some developing countries where bicycles are major means of people and goods, but in a few richer towns such as Amsterdam in Holland and Cambridge in England. It usually gives inadequate protection from the weather, is not very suitable for carrying goods, and demands considerable muscular work to

25、 make progress against wind or uphill. It also offers its rider no protection against collisions with other vehicles. All these difficulties could, however, be greatly eliminated, if not removed, with relatively small changes in design. The whole machine could be enclosed in a plastic bubble which w

26、ould provide some protection in case of accidents. It would be easy to add a small petrol or electric motor. A wide variety of designs would be possible. As in rowing, we might employ the power of the arms or the general body musculature, as well as those of the legs; more muscular exercise would be

27、 good for the health of many people in cities, and a wide use of bicycle like muscle-powered vehicles would be a useful way to ensure this. It could also provide ample opportunities for showing off by the young and vigorous. 10 The main idea of the first paragraph is that the car _. （ A） can satisfy

28、 the demand for speed （ B） causes waste of space （ C） produces disturbance to other road users （ D） is far from perfect for short range movements 11 More attention should be given to the bicycle as a means of transport because it is _. （ A） a very efficient and simple device （ B） much cheaper than a

29、 car （ C） widely used in Amsterdam and Cambridge （ D） still used by rich people 12 Enclosing the bicycle in a plastic bubble would _. （ A） make it easier to use （ B） save muscular energy （ C） provide protection from the weather （ D） prevent it from colliding with other vehicles 13 Which of these is

30、untrue for the present bicycle? （ A） It is far more efficient than the movement of animals. （ B） It offers its rider no protection. （ C） It is not very suitable for carrying goods. （ D） It can hardly be improved on. 13 Telecommuting substituting the computer for the trip to the job has been hailed a

31、s a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes lateness and absenteeism by eliminating commute

32、rs, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour traffic and improve air quali

33、ty. But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images. Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New Yo

34、rk City moves to the quiet Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child; she hooks up her telephone modem connections and does office wor

35、k between calls to the doctor. These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less r

36、espect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done. Management, too, must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employees s

37、ituation, not the availability of technology, that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement. That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs of policy guidelines remains small. 14 What is the main subject of the passage? （ A） Business man

38、agement policies. （ B） Driving to work. （ C） Extending the workplace by means of computers. （ D） Computers for child-care purposes. 15 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for employers that is potentially solved by telecommuting? （ A） Employees lateness for work. （ B） Employees abse

39、nce from work. （ C） Employees need for time alone to work intensively. （ D） Employees conflicts with second jobs. 16 Which of the following does the author mention as a possible disadvantage of telecommuting? （ A） Small children cannot understand the boundaries of work and play. （ B） Computer techno

40、logy is never advanced enough to accommodate the needs of every situation. （ C） Electrical malfunctions can destroy a project. （ D） The worker often does not have all the needed resources at home. 17 Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage? （ A） A scientist

41、in a laboratory developing plans for a space station. （ B） A technical writer sending via computer documents created at home. （ C） A computer technician repairing an office computer network. （ D） A teacher directing computer-assisted learning in a private school. 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 114答案与解析 一、 Reading C

42、omprehension 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 1段。从文章的第 1段可知，我们所有人都会衰老，衰老通常被认为是生命的自然组成部分。把这类现象称为 “疾病 ”似乎是很愚蠢的。据此可知， B项正确。 C项不正确，文中是说把这类现象称为 “疾病 ”似乎是很愚蠢的。 A、 D两项不正确，文中未提及。 B项与文章的意思相符，因此 B项为正 确答案。 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 2段。从文章的第 2段可知，在这种情况下，衰老本身可能被认为是可以治疗的，就像治疗高血压或维生素缺乏的方法那样。 A项正确。 B、 D两项不正确，文中未提及。 C项不

43、正确，文中说衰老本身可能被认为是可以治疗的，就像治疗高血压或维生素缺乏的方法那样，但并未说衰老是由维生素缺乏引起的。 A项与文章的意思相符，因此 A项为正确答案。 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 3段。从文章的第 3段可知，生物物理学家Alex Zhavoronkov认为，衰老应该被认为是一种疾病。他说，将衰老描述为一种疾病，有助于开发治疗方法。 D项正确。 A、 C两项不正确，文中未提及。 B项不正确，文中说它使得制药业可以放手去做，这样他们就能够开始治疗这种疾病，而不只是研究其副作用。 D项与文章的意思相符，因此 D项为正确答案。 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】

44、 本题可参照文章的第 5段。从文章的第 5段可知，医学界也认为老龄化是理所当然的事，除了使人们保持在一定的健康范围内，他们对此无能为力。 C项正确。 A、 B、 D三项不正确，文中说人们认为衰老是自然现象，是无法控制的事情。在学术界，人们只是把衰老研究作为一个兴趣领域，在这个领域他们可以尝试开发干预方法。医学界也认为老龄化是理所当然的事，除了使人们保持在一定的健康范围内，他们对此无能为力。 C项与文章的意思相符，因此 C项为正确答案。 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的倒数第 2段 。从文章的倒数第 2段可知，旧金山加利福尼亚大学教授 Leonard Hayflick说，衰老

45、可以治愈的想法意味着人类的寿命可以延长，一些研究者认为这点是有可能的。 Hayflick对这种观点并不赞同。 A项正确。 B、 D两项不正确，文中说很多人从癌症、中风或心脏病中康复。但他们继续衰老，因为衰老与他们的疾病是不相关的。 C项不正确，文中说即使这些死亡原因被消除了，预期寿命仍然不会超过 92岁。 A项与文章的意思相符，因此 A项为正确答案。 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 综观全文，这篇文章主要是讲互联网对新闻 的影响，因此 C项为正确答案。 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章的第 4段： “Anyone can say anything they want，

46、 whether its right or wrong,”said Case. Readers have to determine for themselves who to trust。从中可知 D项为正确答案。 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的最后一段，从中可知正确的次序是 B项。 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 4段，从中可知 B项为正确答案。 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是第 1段最后一句： The use of cars capable of carrying five people at 80 mph for sat

47、isfying these needs is wasteful of space and most productive of disturbance to other road users。从中可知， A、 B、 C三项都不能完整地表达 第 1段的中心思想，只有 D项涵盖了前三项的意思，因此是正确答案。 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 2段第 2句： The bicycle itself is a remarkably efficient and simple device for using human muscular energy for transport

48、ation。从中可知 A项为正确答案。 12 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 3段的 The whole machine could be enclosed in a plastic bubble which would provide some protection in case of accidents，从中可知 D项为正确答案。 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 2段。第 2段介绍了如何通过改造来克服自行车的缺点，因此 D项为正确答案。 14 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 综观全文，本文主要讲的是利用计算机在家里工作的利和弊。因此C项为正

49、确答案。 15 【正确答案】 D 【试 题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 1段。从中可知，只有 D项未被提及，因此 D项为正确答案。 16 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 3段的 Before a certain age， young children cannot recognize， much less respect， the necessary boundaries between work and family。从中可知，小孩子分不清工作和家庭的界限。因此 A项为正确答案。 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题 的依据句是文章第 2段中间的 A computer programmer from New York City moves to the quiet Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer。因此 B项为正确答案。